THE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SELF

WHO AM I CONSCIOUSNESS, IDENTITY AND THE SOUL

SOCRATES AND PLATO: THE SOUL IS IMMORTAL
SOCRATES- KNOW THYSELF (WHO WE ARE, WHO WE SHOULD BE, WHO WE WILL BECOME)
REALITY IS DUALISTIC- PHYSICAL REALM (IMPERFECT, BODY) & IDEAL REALM (PERFECT, SOUL)
SOUL STRIVE FOR WISOM AND PERFECTION AND REASON IS THE SOUL TOOLS TO ACHIEVE IT
PLATO- SOUL (PSYCHE) REASON (WISDOM/KNOWLEDGE) PHYSICAL APPETITE (BASIC BIOLOGICAL
NEEDS/WANTS) SPIRIT/PASSION (EMOTIONS)
WHEN CONFLICT OCCURS- IT’S REASON RESPONSIBILITY TO SORT THINGS
GENUINE HAPPINES CAN BE ACHIEVE WHEN REASON IS IN CONTROL OF THEIR SPIRIT AND APPETITES
ST. AUGUSTINE- PLATO AND CHRISTIANITY
PLATO ST AUGUSTINE
ULTIMATE REALITY (ETERNAL REAL OF THE FORM TRANSCENDENT GOD
IMMORTAL SOULS STRIVING TO ACHIEVE UINION IMMORTAL SOULS STRIVING TO ACHIEVE
WITH ETERNAL REALM THROUGH INTELLECTUAL UNION WITH GOD THROUGH FAITH AND
ENLIGHTMENT REASONS
BODY AS THE “SPOUSE” OF THE SOUL, WITH BOTH ATTACHED TO ONE ANOTHER BY “NATURAL
APPETITE”. BODY AND SOUL UNITED, BUT THE BODY TO DIE, THE SOUL TO LIVE
THEOS- GOD LOGOS –STUDY OF =THE STUDY OF GOD
RENE DESCARTES FRENCH PHILOSOPHER/FOUNDER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY
QUESTION THE KNOWLEDGE=CRITICAL THINKING
DOUBTING THINGS = THE ONLY WAY FOR YOU TO DEVELOP BELIEFS THAT ARE TRULY YOURS
COGITO, ERGO SUM – “I THINK THEREFORE, I AM”
THINKING SELF (SOUL) PHYSICAL BODY (MORTAL, NON THINKING ENTITY)
JOHN LOCKE ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER AND PHYSICIAN
DESCARTES (RATIONALIST) REASONING ABILITY LOCKE (EMPIRICIST) LEARN THROUGH EXPERIENCE
A PERSON IS A THINKING SELF – CONSIDER HIMSLEF TO BE SAME THING IN DIFFERENT TIME AND
DIFFERENT PLACES
CONSCIOUSNESS – BEING AWARE THA WE ARE THINKING
SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS – HAVING COHERENT SELF IDENTITY
DAVID HUME SCOTISH PHILOSOPHER
2 DISTINCT ENTITIES= IMPRESSION – SENSATION OF EXPERIENCE (LIVELY/VIVID) IDEAS – COPIES OF
IMPRESSION (LESS LIVELY/VIVID)
ALL EXPERIENCE ARE = PERCEPTION (SLEEPING MEANS WE DON’T EXIST^STOP REASOING)
SELF IS AN IMAGINARY CREATURE/MEDIUM
IMMANUEL KANT MIND AND SELF (INTERPRET IDEAS THROUGH EXPERIENCE
<YOU ARE THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE>
SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOLOGIST=PSYCHOANALYSIS
CONSCIOUSNESS – AWARENESS = REALITY PRINCIPAL
REALISTIC DEMANDS “BEHAVIOR AND EXPERIENCE ARE ORGANIZED
UNCONSCIOUSNESS – NOT EASILY ACCESSABLE = PLEASURE PRINCIPAL”
PRECONSCIOUS- FROM UNCONSCIOUS TO BEING CONSCIOUS
CONSCIOUS! REPRESSION! UNCONSCIOUS
BEHAVIOUR DEFENCE DREAMS “NEUROTIC SYMPTOMS”
EXPERIENCE MECHANISM
COUNTER BY PSYCHOTHERAPHY
GILBERT RYLE ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHER
BEHAVIORIST “BEHAVIORISM”
MIND BODY
PRIVATE PUBLIC0*****************-
EXPRESS THE
ENTIRE SYSTEM >>>>> HOW YOU BEHAVE DEFINE WHO ARE YOU
PAULCHURCHLAND AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER
MATERIALISM – DIMENSION OF PHYSICAL SELF=AFFECTS MENTAL/EMOTIONAL FUNCTION
DIMENSION OF MENTAL SELF=AFFECTS PHYSICAL CONDITION
TO UNDERSTAND THE MIND WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE BRAIN
EDMUND HUSSERL/MAURICE MERLEAU PONTY
SELF – SUBJECTIVITY
MIND AND BODY ARE CONNECTED
LIVING BODY-NATURAL SYNTHESIS
EXPERIENCE-LEBENSWELT OR LIVED WORLD=FOUNDAMENTAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
PHENOMENOLOGY- BASED ON PHENOMENA
OVERALL
SOCRATES/PLATO – IMMORTAL SELF
ST. AUGUSTINE- PLATO/CHRISTIANITY
RENE DESCARTES- MODERN PERSPECTIVE OF SELF
JOHN LOCKE- SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS
DAVID HUME- THERE IS NO SELF
IMMANUEL KANT- WE CONSTRUCT THE SELF
SIGMUND FREUD- TWO SELVES; CONSCIOUS/UNCONSCIOUS
GILBERT RYLE-SELF IS HOW YOU BEHAVE
PAUL CHURCHLAND- MATERIALISM
EDMUND HUSSERL/MAURICE MERLEA PONTY- SELF IS EMBODIED SUBJECTIVITY
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SELF (ASSUMPTION THAT HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IS INFLUENCED BY
GROUP LIFE)
GEORGE HEBERT MEAD-THEORY OF THE SOCIAL SELF/SELF EMERGES FROM SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
OBSERVING AND INTERACTING WITH OTHERS
RESPONDING TO OTHER’S OPINION ABOUT ONESELF
INTERNALIZING EXTERNAL OPINIONS AND INTERNAL FEELINGS
2 ASPECT OF SELF, I-SUBJECTIVE AND ACTIVE SIDE OF SELF(SPONTANEOUS/UNIQUE SIDE OF
SELF)&ME-SOCIAL SELF’ ORGANIZED SET OF ATTITUDE OF OTHERS WHICH ASSUMES,REPRESENT
LEARNED BEHAVIOURS,ATTITUDES AMD EXPECTITION OF SOCIETY.
THE FULL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF IS ATTAINED WHEN THE “I” AND “ME” ARE UNIFIED.
SELF IS NOT PRESENT AT BIRTH; IT IS DEVELOPED OVER TIME FROM SOCIAL EXPERIENCES AND
ACTIVITIES.
3ACTIVITIES THAT DEVELOP THE SELF: LANGUAGE (ALLOW OTHER TO RESPOND THROUGH
SYMBOL),PLAY(ALLOW INDIVIDUALS TO TAKE DIFFERENT ROLES,PRETEN AND EXPRESS
EXPECTATION OF OTHERS),GAME(ALLOW INDIVIDUALS TO UNDERSTAND ADHERE TO THE RULES OF
THE ACTIVITY.
STAGES: PREPARATORY {0-3(IMITATE PEOPLE AROUND THEM, NO SENSE OF SELF)} PLAY {3-5(THEY
LEARN TO COMMUNICATE THROUGH LANGUAGE, SELF IS DEVELOPING)} GAME {8-9(BECOME
CONCERNED ABOUT AND TAKE INTO ACCOUNT IN THEIR BEHAVIOR THE GENERALIZED OTHERS)}
CHARLES HORTON-COOLEY LOOKING GLASS SELFPEOPLE WHON A PERSON INTERACTS BECOME A
MIRROR IN WHICH HE VIEWS HIMSELF, PEOPLE SHAPE THEIR SELF-CONCEPT BASED ON THEIR
UNDERSTANDING OF HOW OTHERS PERCEIVED THEM.(HOW HE PRESENT HIMSELF, ANALYZE HOW
OTHERS PERCEIVE THEM AND CREATE AN IMAGE OF HIMSELF)
SELF AS PRODUCT OF MODERN AND POSTMODERN SOCIETIES
LANUZA (MODERN SOCIETIES, ATTAINMENT AND STABILITY OF SELF IS FREELY CHOSEN.
DISCOVERY OF THE AUTHENTIC CORE OF THE SELF FOR THE INDIVIDUAL TO FREELY WORK
TOWARDS SELF-REALIZATION
POSTMODERN SOCIETIES, SELF CONTINOUSLY CHANGE DUE TO THE DEMAND OF MULTITUDE OF
SOCIAL CONTEXT, NEW INFORMATION ANG GLOBALIZATION (ACHIEVE SELF IDENTITY THROUGH
PRESTIGE SYMBOLS THAT THEY CONSUME.
CULTURAL PRACTICE OF ADVERTISING AND MASS MEDIA GREATLY INFLUENCE INDIVIDUALS TO
CUNSOME GOODS NOT FOR CUNSOMPTION OR UTILITY BUT TO GIVE THEM THE FEELING OF POWER
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SELF: THE SELF AS
ANTRHOPOLOGY-HOLISTIC VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE, CONCERNED WITH HOW CULTURAL AND
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS INTERACTS TO SHAPE HUMAN EXPERIENCE.(EMPHASIZES THAT IT IS AN
ACADEMIC FIELD FOR UNDERSTANDING THE INTERCONNECTIONS AND INDEPENDENCE OF
BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECT OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE IN ALL TIMES AND PLACES.
NATURE- REFERS TO GENETIC INHERITANCE >WHO AM I<NURTURE- REFERS TO SOCIOCULTURAL
WHICH SETS THE INDIVIDUALS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT
THE CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND IDENTITY
CULTURE- COMPLEX WHOLE WHICH INCLUDES KNOWLEDGE BELIEF, ART, MORALS, LAW, CUSTOMES
AND ANY OTHER CAPABILITIES AND HABITS ACQUIRED BY MAN AS A MEMBER OF SOCIETY
(EDWARD TAYLOR) ALSO PROVIDES PATTERNS “WAYS OF LIFE” (CULTURE IS DIVERSE, SELF AND
IDENTITY MAY HAVE DIFFERENT MEANING IN DIFFERENT CULTURE)
ANTHOPOLOGIS-EMPHASIZE THAT CULTURE IS NOT BEHAVIOR ITSELF BUT THE SHARED
UNDERSTANDING THAT GUIDE BEHAVIOR AND EXPRESS IN BEHAVIOR.
ETHINIC IDENTITY-(SAMENESS OF THE SELF) SHARING CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICSN MAKES HUMAN
BEING A PERSON/ACTING INDIVIDUAL.
2 SIDES OF IDENTITY FOUND IN EVERY PERSON IN CULTURE
EGOCENTRIC VIEW- SELF IS VIEWD AS AUTONOMOUS AND DISTINCT INDIVIDUAL (INDEPENDENT)
SOCIOCENTRIC VIEW- CONTINGENT ON A SITUATION OR SOCIAL SETTING (DEPENDENT)
JAPANESE/CHINESE (SOCIOCENTRIC) AMERICAN (EGOCENTRIC)
IDENTITY TOOLBOX- FEATURES OF A PERSONS IDENTITY THAT HE/SHE CHOOSES TO EMPHASIZE IN
CONSTRUCTIONG SOCIAL SELF.
PERSONAL NAMING- UNIVERSAL PRACTICE (ESTABLISHED CHILDS BIRTHRIGHT AND SOCIAL
IDENTITY)
ARNOLD VAN GENNEP THREE PHASED RITE OF PASSAGE: SEPARATION (PEOPLE DETACH FROM THEIR
FORMER IDENTITY) LIMINAL (HAS LEFT ONE IDENTITY BUT HAS NOT YET ENTERED OR JOINED NEXT)
INCORPORATION (CHANGES ARE INCORPORATED INTO A NEW IDENTITY TO ELABORATE RITUALS
AND CEREMONIES, EX. CHURCH WEDDINGS, DEBUT, GRADUATION)
IDENTITY STRUGGLE-CHARACTERIZEDINTERACTION WHICH THERE IS A DISCREPANCY BETWEEN
THE IDENTITY A PERSON CLAIMS TO POSSESS AND THE IDENTITY ATTRIBUTED TO THAT PERSON.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF
WILLIAM JAMES- I (THINKING SELF>REFLECT THE SOUL OF A PERSON) ME (EMPIRICAL>MATERIAL,
SOCIAL, SPIRITUAL)
CARL ROGERS-FLEXIBLOE AND CHANGING (DEVELOP FROM INTERACTION) REAL SELF
(REALITY”PRACTICALITY”) IDEAL SELF (IMAGINATION”GOAL AND AMBITION”)
SELF UNDERSTANDING-CONCEPTUALIZE THE SELF AS MULTIPLE OR UNIFIED
SELF INTEGRATION-ADOLESCENTS”CREATE AN ACONSISTENT, COHERENT AND UNIFIED THEORY.
TRUE SELF- REAL SELF FALSE SELF- FAKE SELF
ALBERT BANDURA-HUMAN.ABILITY TO ACT AND MAKE THINGS HAPPEN (CORE AGENCY-SELF
DEVELOPMENT, ADAPTAION AND SELF RENEWAL)
MAIN AGENTIC OF HUMAN AGENCY- INTENTIONALITY (INTENTION), FORETHOUGHT (CONSEQUENCE),
SELF REACTIVENESS (ABILITY TO DECIDE), SELF REFLECTIVENESS (REFLECTION)
SELF- SELF EFFICACY- CAPABLE TO PERFORM/ SELF REGULATION- KNOW CONTROL BEHAVIOR
CARL JUNG ARCHETYPE- PREPARE INDIVIUAL TO REAL WORLD (REPRESENT HIDDEN POTENTIAL)
PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS- FORGOTTEN EXPERIENCE
4 MAJOR ARCHETYPE-PERSONA(SELF-REPRESENT),SHADOW(HIDDEN),ANIMA(F-M),ANIMUS(M-F) ,
SELF(CENTRAL ARCHETYPE”UNITE”)
SIGMUND FREUD-PERSONALITYID9CORE OF BEING),EGO(“I”),SUPER EGO(MORALITY”
STAGES OPF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT (PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES) SEXUAL
ANAL STAGE{(1-3)KNOWS WHEN TO LET GO OR HOLD ON(ANAL RETENTIVE-CONTROL)(ANAL
EXCLUSIVE-UNCONTROL)EROGENOUS ZONE:ANUS} PHALIC STAGE{(3-6) ATTRACTED TO OPPOSITE
SEX(OEDIPUS CONFLIC M-F)(ELECTRA CONFLICT F-M) EROGENOUS ZONE: PHALLUS/GENETAL
ORGAN} LATENCY STAGE(6-PUBERTY) PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND GENETAL
STAGE(PUBERTY-ON) REALIZATION OF SEXUALITY(SEXUAL URGE RE AWAKEN)
ERIK ERIKSON-CREATE A VISION OF THE SELF THAT IS AUTHENTIC.
TRUST VS MISTRUST (INFANCY 1-2) ACCEPT THINGS=TRUST, NO RESPONSE=MISTRUST
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT (EARLY CHILDHOOD 1-3) CONFIDENT (INDEPENDENT)
INITIATIVE VS GUILT (PLAY AGE 3-5) FEEL IRRESPONSIBLE MAY DEVELOP GUILT
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY (SCHOOL AGE 6-12) SENSE OF INDUSTRY (OWN LEARNING/SUPPORT BY
PARENTS) SENSE OF INFERIORITY (NO ENCOURAGEMENT FROM PARENTS)
IDENTITY VS IDENTITY CONFUSION (ADOLESCENCE 13-19) PERIOD OF TRAIL AND ERROR,
CONFRONTED WITH MANY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (IDENTITY CRISIS-VULNERABLE)
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION (EARLY ADULTHOOD 20-40) IS INTIMATE”RELATIONSHIP”
GENERATIVE VS STAGNATION (ADULTHOOD 40-50) TAKES THEIR PLACE IN SOCIETY “PLASTAR NA”
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR (OLD AGE 65-ABOVE) REFLECT ON THE IMPORTANT EVENT OF THEIR LIVES

INFANCY BASIC TRUST VS MISTRUST HOPE

EARL CHILDHOOD AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT WILL
PLAY AGE INITIATIVE VS GUILT PURPOSE
SCHOOL AGE INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY COMPETENCE
ADOLESCENCE IDENTITY VS IDENTITY CONFUSION FIDELITY
EARLY ADULTHOOD INTIMACY VS ISOLATION LOVE
ADULTHOOD GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION CARE
OLD AGE INTEGRITY VS DISPAIR WISDOM
WILLIAM JAMES- CONCEPT OF I SELF AND ME SELF
CARL ROGERS- SELF THEORY REAL AND IDEAL SELF
ALBERT BANDURA- SELF PROACTIVE AND AGENTIC
CARL JUNG- SELF AS CENTRAL ARHCETYPE
SIGMUND FREAUD- CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND PERSONALITY
ERIK ERIKSON- THEORY IN UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
END