MICRO TEACHING

LESSON PLAN ON GUIDANCE

AND COUNSELING

SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY: MR. BENNETT RAJ M.SC(N)M.SC(PSY)
M.GRASHIA BLESSY
ASSISSTANT PROFFESSOR I YEAR
M.SC (N)
NNC, VALLIOOR NNC,
VALLIOOOR
 TEACHER’S LEARNER’S AV
TIME OBJESTIVES CONTENT EVALUATION
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
 GUIDANCE
INTRODUCTION:
Guidance is a concept as well as process. Guidance is
different from education and counseling. Guidance is based
upon the principles of holistic development of individual,
recognition of individual differences and dignity and
acceptance of individual needs. Guidance is needed wherever
there are problems. Guidance helps in optimum development
of individual, solving different problem of the individual,
academic growth and development, vocational maturity,
vocational choices and vocational adjustments, social personal
adjustment. Better family life, for conservation and proper
utilization of human resources, and national development. The
areas of guidance are very vast. Some of the important areas
of guidance are personal, educational, vocational, health,
social etc.
MEANING OF GUIDANCE:
Students will Guidance is a process through which an individual is Lecturing Listening Black What is the
know the helped to guide himself. Thus, guidance stands for creating a board meaning of
meaning of spirit of self dependence in the individual. It Guidance is a guidance?
guidance process through which an individual is helped to guide
himself. Thus, guidance stands for creating a spirit of self
 dependence in the individual. It helps him to solve his
problems by himself. It does not solve the problem for him.
Evidently, in guidance the focus is on the ‘individual’ and not
on his problem. Guidance does not imply restriction in the
freedom of individual; it simply renders help and assistance
for the individual to solve himself the problem.
According to Arthur. A. Jones the purpose of
guidance has been to assist the individual through counsel to
make wise choices, adjustments and interpretations in
connection with critical situations in his life in such a way as
to ensure continual growth in ability for self-direction.
DEFINITION:
Students will According to Crow and Crow, “fundamental of all Lecturing Listening Roller What is the
be able to guidance is the help or assistance given by a competent person board definition of
define to an individual so that the latter may direct his life by guidance?
guidance developing his point view, make his own decisions and carry
out those decisions”
NEED FOR GUIDANCE:
1. Life has now become so complex that personal and
social living have confronted with complicated
Students will problems with tensions and frustration. Lecturing Listening Chart What is the need
be able to say 2. The concept of education has become comprehensive for guidance?
the need for with emphasis on all aspects of the pupil’s personality.
guidance The aim of education is to help pupils achieve healthy,
effective and superior adjustment to a changing world.
3. Courses have multiplied offering greater choice to
pupils. To eliminate unwise educational choice,
guidance is needed for all pupils.
4. Great advances in science and technology have
resulted in thousands of specialized jobs in society,
business and industry and complexity of vocational
choices requiring special talent and training need
guidance.
5. Parents are very poor guides in this aspect as their help
is haphazard. So the school has to give wise guidance
in selection of suitable jobs and preparing for them.
Without guidance needed in school and colleges are
educational, vocational and personal. Guidance is
required on prevention of illness and promotion of
mental health also.
FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE:
Through the guidance programme, individual must
assisted to:
 Understand himself
Students will  Make the most of his capacities, interests and other Lecturing Listening Chart What are the
be able to say potentials functions of
the functions  Adjust himself satisfactorily to the varied situations guidance?
of guidance. within his total environment
 Develop the ability to make his own decisions wisely
and solve his problems independently
 Make his own unique contributions to society to the
fullest possible extent
PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE:
According to Gilbert Wrenn and Willis Dugan, the
following are the important principles of Guidance:
 Guidance is connected with the ‘whole’ student and
Students will not with his intellectual life alone. Lecturing Listening OHP What are the
be able to  Guidance is concerned with all students, not only with principles of
state the ‘special’ or ‘problem’ students i.e. guidance is guidance?
principles of universal. All require guidance at some point or other
guidance in their life.
 Guaidence is connected with the ‘whole’ student and
not with his intellectual life alone.
 Guidance is concerned with all students, not only with
‘special’ or ‘problem’ students i.e. guidance is
universal. All require guidance at some point or other
 in their life.
 Guidance is concerned primarily with prevention
rather than cure.
 Guidance is more than just the activity of a specialist;
it involves the whole school staff.
 Guidance is concerned with the choices and decisions
to be made by individuals; it does not attempt to solve
problems on behalf of concerned individuals.
 Guidance is centered on the individual and his
problems. i.e. guidance is developmental in nature and
is concerned with developing students understanding
and self-determination.
 Guidance is counsel and not ‘compulsion’.
 Guidance is a continuous process throughout the life of
each student.
 Guidance is the dynamic aspect of education.

TYPES OF GUIDANCE:
1. Educational guidance
2. Vocational guidance
3. Personal guidance
Students will 4. Health guidance Lecturing Listening Flannel What are the types
be able to list 5. Moral and religious guidance board of guidance?
the types of 6. Socio-civic guidance
guidance 7. Avocational guidance
8. Financial guidance

1. Educational guidance
Educational guidance is concerned with helping
pupil learning, making proper choices of courses and in
helping removal of difficulties in academic progress.
Educational guidance help pupil to get the best of the
educational opportunities consistent with their talents and
traits. Further educational guidance implies that the
guidance counselor has in his possession all possible
information about the personal pupil can provide effective
training in study techniques to pupils and anticipate
difficulties which may arise and prepare pupils in advance
to meet them successfully.
2. Vocational guidance:
Vocational guidance involves complete and
comprehensive knowledge of each pupil, nature of jobs and
the psychological characteristics needed for success,
achievement and job satisfaction in different jobs, relevant
data about vocational opportunities, types of training needed,
advancement opportunities etc. aptitude tests play a significant
part in vocational guidance.
3. Personal guidance:
Personal guidance is to help pupils to adjust to
things and persons problems which would affect their
efficiency and happiness and make them maladjusted.
Teachers should help adolescent students to overcome their
conflicts. Personal guidance has become vital as it is linked
with the other two areas of guidance and present day social
conditions with their complexities and inconsistencies create a
variety of stressful conditions for everyone. Personal guidance
eliminates personal maladjustments and also helps to remove
classroom indiscipline and campus unrest. Excessive guidance
in this area should be avoided as it kills initiative, on the part
of students.
4. Health guidance:
 To learn to use health facilities and equipment
in school.
 To develop proper health habits:
 personal cleanliness
 good grooming
  proper use of toilet
 To develop good eating habits like:
 washing hands before and after eating
 chewing food slowly and properly
 being happy when eating
 To know the proper food to eat in order to have
a healthy body
 To learn to face the problems of life squarely.
5. Moral and Religious guidance:
the present-day increase of delinquency calls
for moral and religious regeneration to be manifested
in learner’s willingness
 To learn to fear God
 To develop good manners and right conduct
6. Socio-civic guidance:
 To give information on correct attitudes in
order to live a worthy adult life, right duties
and responsibilities of citizens.
 To help children adjust themselves to the social
environment so they may be worthy and
interested participating members of society.
 To develop early manners and etiquette
 observed indifferent occasions so that the child
is ready to face all situations without
embarrassment.
7. Avocational guidance:

ROLE OF GUIDANCE:
Students will The central themes of this monograph were to address Lecturing Listening Roller What is the role of
be able to the importance of work for people with mental health board guidance?
learn the role problems; to discuss the different vocational strategies and
of guidance programs for people with a mental health disorder; and to
consider the role of the workplace in promoting good mental
health practices for employees. Integral to these themes in the
identification of good practices by employers as well as
vocational rehabilitation agencies and professionals. It is clear
that there are many factors involved in addressing the
importance of work for people with mental health problems,
as well as identifying effective practices that encourage
employment, re-employment and retention. Social support
systems, mental health professionals and employers all have a
significant role in helping individuals define options, make
choices, learn to manage potentially disabling conditions, and
avoid long-term hospitalization. The ultimate goal is for
individuals to obtain and/or return to gainful, worthwhile
activity, such as meaningful work. Access to satisfying work
remains one of the most sought-after goals of the adult
population of most countries. Employers, employees and
unions are starting to realize that, for this population mental
problems are the single most important cause of disability
responsible for a global burden of disease larger than that due
to infections, AIDS, cancer and physical accidents. The
impact of mental health problems on absenteeism,
productivity and job satisfaction is only starting. Given the
importance of work, and due to advances made in the
prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with
mental health problems, it makes eminent sense to address all
aspects of the mental well-being of employees. For the same
reason the disability associated with severe mental health
problems can no longer serve as an excuse to deny those who
so wish reasonable access to competitive employment.
 COUNSELING
INTRODUCTION:
All the activities and services of the guidance
programme leads to and helps in the counseling process.
Counseling is aimed at helping the individual in solving
problems in future and also enhancing personal, social,
emotional, educational and vocational development.
Counseling has remedial, preventive and developmental value.
Students will DEFINITION: Lecturing Listening Chart What is the
be able to “Counseling is a dynamic and purposeful relationship definition of
define between two people who approach a mutually defined counseling?
counseling problem with mutual consideration for each other to the end
that the younger or less mature, or more troubled of the two is
aided to a self determined resolution of his problem”
Students will CONCEPT OF COUNSELING: Lecturing Listening Flannel What is the
be able to Counseling is a two way process. It involves two board concept of
learn the individuals; there is mutual relationship between the two counseling?
concepts of individuals. It helps an individual to gain self understanding
counseling self acceptance and self realization. It helps an individual to
become happier more creative and better adjusted.
Counseling involves three activities like:
 Informing
  Options
 Counseling
Informing:
Here the role of the counselor is to give appropriate
and correct information to the clients.
For.eg: if you are a student and you need counseling to select
your course for the future.
Here the role of the counselor is to give you
information about the availability of different courses and its
future prospects.
Options:
In this stage the counselor suggests appropriate courses
of action. Here the counselor will offer you several options
and recommends one according to your aim or interest.
For example if your aim is to be an engineer, the counselor
will suggest you a course related to applied mathematics.
Counseling:
In this stage the counselor helps the students to clarify
his needs, feelings or motivations so that he can make the
appropriate decision for himself.
For.eg: if you will tell, you have no aim or cannot decide what
you will do in the future. So the counselor will ask you if you
 are not sure about what you will do in the future but you must
want to do something interesting so describe about your idea.
Like this the counseling is a process which constitutes,
advising and counseling. You can think of these three
activities as a continuous spectrum of areas which merge into
each other.
Students will NEED OF COUNSELING: Lecturing Listening OHP What are the
be able to  Need for checking the wastage and stagnation in needs of
learn the need nursing education. counseling?
of counseling  Need for realizing the aims and objectives of nursing
education.
 The need for making right educational choices
 The need for proper educational adjustment.
Students will TYPES OF COUNSELING: Lecturing Listening LCD What are the types
be able to list 1. Directive counseling of counseling?
the types of 2. Non-directive (client centered) counseling
counseling 3. Eclectic Approach in counseling
Directive counseling:
B.G.Williamson is the chief exponent of this method.
Directive counseling is one in which the counselor plays the
major role and hence it is known as counselor centered
method. The counselor helps the counselee to make decision
in keeping with his diagnosis. He tries to direct the thinking of
the counselee by informing, explaining and interpreting and
suggesting (when our health is affect, we go to the doctor to
get his expert advice (treatment) and act accordingly by taking
the prescribed medicines and following the suggested personal
and dietary practices. This is an example for ‘directive
counseling’ in our practical life.
Analysis, synthesis, diagnosis, prognosis, counseling
and follow up are the major steps involved in direct
counseling.
Limitations:
 It is a sort of regimentation in which the counselor tells
what the counselee ha to do.
 The counselee will always be dependent upon the
counselor.
 According to the principles of guidance this method
does not help the counselee to develop insight into his
problems and grow through learning.
 Here there is no scope for fresh learning to take place
in the learner and hence not developmental in
character.
Scope:
 This method is applicable to young children and
seriously disturbed persons.
Non-directive (client centered) counseling
Carl.R.Rogers is the chief exponent of this method. In
this method counselor’s role is passive. It is the client or
counselee-centered method. Counselee takes active part in the
process of therapy. He gains insight into his problem with the
help of the counselor. The counselee is made aware of the fact
that the counseling situation does not have the answers but it
provides him opportunities to solve his problems himself. The
main aim of this method is to help the client grow inward to
maturity and superior adjustment, so that he can take the
responsibility of solving his problems.
Limitations:
 It is a time-consuming method.
 The passive attitude of the counselor might irritate the
counselee and he may become reluctant to express his
feeling.
 This method may not be suitable for people with
serious personality problems, young children and
intellectually inferior.
Eclectic Approach in counseling:
 Eclecticium in counseling has more than one meaning.
One concept is the building of a theory by a counselor. As he
gains experience, he builds his own style by selecting from
various approaches and personality and learning theories.
According to this definition, he would be an electic counselor.
In another meaning, the eclectic counselor chooses the
approach he will use for a particular counselee. His approach
involves a unique combination of procedures for each
individual with whom he works. His selection of directive or
non-directive approach depends on the appropriateness of the
technique at a given time for a particular individual. It is said
that majority of counselors working in present day schools and
colleges are believed to be eclectic in their procedures.
In this approach, popularized by F.C.Thorne the
counselor generally follows the directive method till
‘diagnosis’ of the problem; thereafter follows the non-
directive approach by enlightening the client about the
possible courses of action (solutions suggested) with their
relative merits and demerits and leaves the choice to the client
himself to select and continue the most suitable course of
action for him. This approach is highly flexible as it changes
according to the demands of the situation and the nature of the
 client.
Students will STEPS INVOLVED IN THE COUNSELING PROCESS: Lecturing Listening LCD What are the steps
be able to According to Newsom, following are the steps involved in
learn the steps involved in the counseling process: counseling?
of counseling 1. The individual (client) comes for help.
2. The counselor establishes rapport with the client
through the first interview.
3. The helping situation is defined.
4. Active listening.
5. The counselor encourages his client to give free
expression to his concerns (catharsis)
6. The counselor accepts, recognizes and helps to clarify
negative feelings and limitations in the client
(Diagnosis).
7. The counselor accepts and recognizes positive feelings
(Prognosis)
8. Development of insight of the client into his problem
(Counseling).
9. Establishing new goal. (Counseling)
10. Growth of confidence and ability to take decisions.
(Counseling).
11. Follow up (Counseling)
 12. No more need for help (Terminating the counseling)
Students will PHASES OF COUNSELING: Lecturing Listening LCD What are the
be able to tell  Establishing relationship: phases of
the phases of It is the core phase in the process of counseling. counseling?
counseling Begin the phase with adequate skills.
 Introduce yourself
 Listen attentively and remember the client’s
name.
 Always address the individual by his/her
preferred name.
 Ensure physical comfort
 Do not interrupt the individual by his/her
talking.
 Observe non-verbal communication
 Assessment:
The counselor asks questions, collects
information, seeks his/her views, observes and
possibly helps the individual to clearly state his/her
problem.
It involves specific skills like:
 Observations
 Enquiry
  Making associations among facts
 Recording
 Making educated guesses
 Recording of information should be done
systematically and promptly
 Setting goals:
It provides direction to the individual and
counselor. It involves making a commitment to a set of
conditions, a course of action or an outcome.
It requires the skills of
 Drawing inference
 Differentiation
 Teaching individuals to think realistically

 Intervention:
It is a phase which is more influenced by the
viewpoints a counselor holds about the counseling
process. The intervention used will depend upon the
approach used by the counselor, the problem and the
individual.

Students will COUNSELING TECHNIQUE: Lecturing Listening LCD What are the
be able to There are many different approaches to helping to sort different
understand out issues or manage mental health difficulties. Counselors, techniques of
the different psychologists, social workers and psychiatrists and psychiatric counseling?
counseling nurses are likely to specialize in a particular approach, or they
technique may use a number of approaches depending on their training
and your needs. There are many techniques that can be
broadly split into 3 groups
 Insight therapies:
This type of therapy is often known as ‘talk
therapy’. Talking about your experiences will help get
an understanding of the difficulties you may face and
sort through the possible solutions. The more common
type of insight therapies are psychoanalysis,
psychodynamic approaches, client centered approaches
and cognitive therapy. A common form is cognitive
behavior therapy (CBT) which looks at changing
negative thought patterns and maladaptive beliefs.
 Behavior therapies:
These focus on the changing behavior patterns.
Behavior therapists will often use some of principles of
learning, like providing punishments for bad behaviors
and rewards for good behaviors. It may be used to
 change compulsive behaviors, to help with learning
problems, or to modify avoidance behavior.
 Biomedical therapies:
This involves the use of drugs to help to
manage mental health difficulties. Drugs may be used
to treat anxiety, psychosis or depression. It is better to
consult psychiatrist or doctor about the type and
dosage of drug you are receiving.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD COUNSELOR:
Students will  Have deep insight into the nature and needs of pupils Lecturing Listening LCD What are the
be able to list and should be able to deal with them in a spirit of qualities of a good
the qualities friendly rapport. counselor?
of a good  Be sensitive to students feelings and problems
counselor  Be receptive and listen most of the time what his
clients have to say.
 Be professionally trained in counseling skills
 Be thorough with information and knowledge needed
to give effective guidance to pupils.
 Be highly objective in his approach.
 Keep all the data pertaining to his clients confidentially
and use it for purposes of guidance only; should not
exploit it for other purposes.
  Help his clients to achieve self-adjustment and self-
direction.
 Optimistic and sympathetic in all his interactions with
his clients.
Students will CHARACTERISTIC AND SKILLS OF A COUNSELOR: Lecturing Listening LCD What are the
be able to  Should be a good listener and good communicator characteristics and
learn the  Should be respectful to other person’s feelings and skills of a
characteristics point of view. counselor?
and skills of a  Should be kind, caring and understanding.
counselor  Should be Non-judgmental
 Should be trustworthy and respectful of people’s
confidentiality.
 Should be relaxed and calm.
 Should be warm and approachable.
 The ability to motivate and inspire clients.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND
Students will COUNSELING: Lecturing Listening LCD List the
be able to say Guidance Counseling relationship
the  It includes  It also consists of between guidance
relationship information giving to information giving to and counseling?
between the individuals in solve individual’s
guidance and their all round problems problem,
counseling development, e.g. but all information
educational and given is not
vocational counseling.
opportunities, career
planning and
development etc.
 It is preventive  It is therapeutic
 Guidance  Counseling requires
information makes a high level of skills
the basis for as well as special
counseling sessions. professional training.
It may be done by
any guidance worker.
 It may be given in  It requires a special
any normal set up. set up (room to
conduct interviews)
 It is an integral part  It is needed in all
of education and fields e.g. In home,
assists in fulfilling its society, community,
aims. a hospital etc.

 Decision making
 Decision making
 operates at operates at emotional
intellectual level. level.

Students will PROBLEMS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING: Lecturing Listening LCD What are the
be able to  Resistance to counseling, either by counselee or by problems in
learn the faculty. guidance and
problems in  Counselor with different cultures. The counselor counseling?
guidance and should be very careful in dealing with different
counseling cultures of counselor.
 Counseling individuals with strong emotions such as
anxiety, anger, depression etc. which will hinder
counseling process.
 Counselor burn out. The symptoms such as restless,
boredom, irritability, lethargy, fatigue etc. can be
managed by changing work environment/ taking care
of themselves.
 Lack of awareness of value of counseling by public.
 Inadequate administrative set up, which will influence
the effectiveness of counseling.
 Lack of physical facilities, non-availability of time and
Students will tools, dearth of training facilities for counselors.
be able to IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS OF GUIDANCE Lecturing Listening LCD What is the
know the AND COUNSELING IN NURSING: importance of
importance of  self help group guidance and
guidance and  peer group counseling counseling in
counseling in  evaluation and research nursing?
nursing  genetic counseling
 career counseling
SUMMARY:
Today in this class we have learnt about guidance and
counseling, its definition, types, needs, importance, concepts,
characteristics of a good counselor and technique of
counseling and difference between counseling.
COUNCLUSION:
I hope you all would have understood the topic on
guidance and counseling. Now I will open the discussion
section for clarifying your doubts so ask doubt regarding the
topic.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 AMANPREET KAUR JHAND “ TEXT BOOK OF
PSYCHOLOGY” edition 2017,s.vikas and company
medical publishers, India, page no:237-244
 DR.S.K.MANGAL “PSYCHOLOGY FOR
NURSES”1st edition, 2017, Avichal publishing
 company, India, page no: 403-425
 HARISH KUMAR SHARMA, GULSHAN MANN
“PSYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES” 5th edition, lotus
publisher, New Delhi, page no: 283-287
 DR.MANJULA.M, DR.PAULOMI SUDHIR,
DR.RAMACHANDRA “PSYCHOLOGY FOR B. SC
NURSING, 1st edition, 2017, frontline publications,
Hyderabad, page no:206-216

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