Daniela Sarahi Ruiz Reyes

MANAGEMENT AND VALORISATION OF WASTES

6th November 2019

FOOD, DRINK AND MILK INDUSTRIES (FDM) BREF DOCUMENTS

1.-Choose a Sector Document
Food, Drink and Milk Industries (FDM)

2.-Analyse Summary / Structure of Report

The content of the document is based on the following:

• Chapter 1: General information, industrial processes and techniques used in the FDM
sector.
• Chapter 2: Provides information on the common industrial processes, abatement systems
and general techniques that are used across the sector.
• Chapter 3 to 15: Give the applied processes, current emission and consumption levels,
techniques to consider in the determination of BAT and emerging techniques for the FDM
sectors.
• Chapter 16: Provides thumbnail descriptions of additional FDM sectors
• Chapter 17: Presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, both
general and sector-specific.

3.-Discuss about How Can Be Useful in Waste Management

These BREF documents described, for each of the industrial sectors, the techniques applied, the
current emissions to all media and the levels of consumption, the techniques that are taken into
account to determine the best available techniques, as well as the conclusions on the BAT and
emerging techniques.
Therefore, all the aforementioned reports are very useful for the management and treatment of
industrial waste, since they help us analyze the situation in each process and thus reduce the waste,
or apply it to other subsequent processes in order to optimize all the products of the process.

4.-Main Produced Wastes

The characteristics of dairy solid outputs may vary significantly, depending on the final products,
system type and operation methods used in the manufacturing plant. The solid and liquid wastes
are mainly composed of different types of primary, secondary and tertiary packaging, servicing and
testing materials, lubrication fluids, and waste consumables. Depending on the integration of the
dairy facility, these may include either upstream wastes (from farming operations) or downstream
wastes (from logistics and warehousing operations).

In this case, a typical process flow map of food wastes from dairy is shown in the figure below-

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Figure 1 Flowchart of food waste in a typical dairy
Source: [ 260, EDA 2016 ]

5.-Recommended Technologies
Food and feed products may have different quality specifications (e.g. on taste, colour, texture) that
require specific technologies. There is no clear performance trend associated with the use of certain
technologies or combinations thereof.

For example, recovery and (re)use of natural filter material, Many other recovering technologies to
the filters have been developed such as chemical treatment or calcination in order to remove the
organic matter and suspended solids to reopen the pores

Also, typically the clarification, purification and fractionation of whey produced by the dairy industry
for a variety of different human food purposes, involve a variety of technologies, such as
ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and crystallization, as well as thermal, ultraviolet,
ultrasonic or microwave pasteurization techniques.

95% of alcohol can be turned into anhydrous alcohol by several different technologies. These
technologies can include azeotropic distillation using a third component, adsorption by a molecular
sieve, or dehydration by a membrane technique.

Smoking is most often carried out on cured meat; however, it can be used on fresh meat products
that are cooked before serving. Hot smoking typically lasts for a few hours, and cold smoking for
several days. In general, different smoking technologies can be summarized as follows:

• Smoking food with combustion smoke (conventional smoke);

• Smoking food with friction smoke (conventional smoke);
• Smoking food with purified smoke.

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For Smoke seafood technologies, the technologies can be summarized as the technologies are
showed for Smoking.

In the treatment of fish processing wastewater solids and colloids, they should be removed fast and
with low shear technologies in order to avoid the dissolution of oil and organics (COD) into the
water. Wastewater treatment is a provision to collect the substances lost during the process as the
last possibility of pollution control and a good opportunity for recovering valuable substances.

Energy may be produced onsite utilizing gas turbine, boiler plant or including more novel renewable
technologies including anaerobic digestion, CHP or biomass generation Within such facilities it is
common a practice to use energy-efficient heat exchangers and recovery circuits to utilize otherwise
wasted heat.

References

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document in the Food, Drink and Milk
Industries, Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and
Control)
https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/BREF/FDM/FDM_02-10-2018BW.pdf