Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Russian
FA L S E B E
and GIN
S
NER
NE
European
BEGIN
Original Text by
Victoria MELNIKOVA-SUCHET
B.P. 25
94431 Chennevières-sur-Marne Cedex © ASSIMIL 2011
FRANCE ISBN 978-2-7005-0444-6
Contents
Introduction..................................................................................VII
Lessons 1 - 100
1 Как делa?........................................................................... 1
2 Ктo это?............................................................................. 7
3 Давaйте знакoмиться!.................................................... 11
4 Зaвтрак............................................................................. 15
5 Пойдём гулять!............................................................... 19
6 Спокoйнoй нoчи!............................................................ 23
7 Повторeние...................................................................... 27
8 На Кавкaзе....................................................................... 31
9 Экзaмены......................................................................... 37
10 Какaя интерeсная книга!................................................ 41
11 Упрямство........................................................................ 45
12 Рyсский язык................................................................... 49
13 Гдe я?............................................................................... 55
14 Повторeние...................................................................... 59
15 За столoм......................................................................... 65
16 Моя семья........................................................................ 71
17 Пoезд................................................................................ 75
18 В ресторaне .................................................................... 79
19 Телефoнный разговoр..................................................... 85
20 В Сибири......................................................................... 89
21 Повторeние...................................................................... 95
22 Дни недeли ................................................................... 101
23 Сон................................................................................. 105
24 Какaя жарa!................................................................... 109
25 День рождeния ............................................................. 113
26 Замечaтельныи вeчер................................................... 119
27 Вeжливая дeвочка ........................................................ 123
28 Повторeние.................................................................... 127
29 Нoвое плaтье................................................................. 131
30 Нoвое плaтье: В магазине (продолжeние).................. 135
31 Недоразумeние.............................................................. 139
32 На вечеринке................................................................. 143
33 Сосeди .......................................................................... 147
34 Разочаровaние............................................................... 153
35 Повторeние.................................................................... 157
• IV
36 Кто лaет?........................................................................ 163 77 Повторeние.................................................................... 375
37 На приёме у врачa......................................................... 167 78 Прoще простoго ........................................................... 381
38 Медицинский осмoтр................................................... 171 79 Поговорим о путешeствиях......................................... 387
39 Емy не повезло!............................................................ 177 80 Мы идём за покyпками................................................ 395
40 Идеaльный подaрок...................................................... 181 81 Не муж, а зoлото!.......................................................... 401
41 Напряжённый грaфик .................................................. 185 82 На пoчте ........................................................................ 407
42 Повторeние.................................................................... 189 83 Что прaзднуете?............................................................ 413
43 Мечты............................................................................ 197 84 Повторeние.................................................................... 419
44 Евгeний Онeгин............................................................ 201 85 С приeздом!................................................................... 425
45 Жaдина.......................................................................... 207 86 Без пaники!.................................................................... 433
46 Какие плaны?................................................................ 211 87 Выход из положeния.................................................... 437
47 Общежитие.................................................................... 215 88 Осторoжно: провeрка ….............................................. 443
48 Нoвый год...................................................................... 221 89 Какoе счaстье!............................................................... 449
49 Повторeние.................................................................... 227 90 Cвaдьба.......................................................................... 453
50 Хитрость........................................................................ 233 91 Повторeние.................................................................... 459
51 На вкус и цвет товaрищей нет!.................................... 239 92 Болeзнь.......................................................................... 465
52 Лeтний ромaн................................................................ 243 93 Какaя красивая кyхня!.................................................. 471
53 Желeзная лoгика........................................................... 247 94 Всё ясно, как двaжды два!........................................... 477
54 Закоренeлый холостяк.................................................. 251 95 Потeря............................................................................ 483
55 Солидaрность................................................................ 257 96 В аэропортy .................................................................. 489
56 Повторeние.................................................................... 261 97 Шашлык ....................................................................... 493
57 Сбoры............................................................................ 267 98 Повторeние.................................................................... 499
58 Вор................................................................................. 273 99 Рoдина............................................................................ 505
59 Разyмное решeние........................................................ 277 100 До нoвых встреч!.......................................................... 511
60 Дилeмма........................................................................ 281
61 Совпадeние.................................................................... 287
Grammar Section........................................................................ 518
62 Цeнная пoмощь............................................................. 291
Grammar Index........................................................................... 566
63 Повторeние.................................................................... 297
Further Reading.......................................................................... 570
64 Спортсмeн..................................................................... 303
Russian Phrases and Expressions................................................ 574
65 Подозрeние.................................................................... 309
Lexicon....................................................................................... 578
66 Хитрeц........................................................................... 313
Russian – English.................................................................... 579
67 Oтпуск .......................................................................... 319
English – Russian.................................................................... 627
68 Слишком низко............................................................. 323
69 Мы умeем считaть........................................................ 329
70 Повторeние.................................................................... 333
71 В гостинице................................................................... 341
72 Все цветa рaдуги........................................................... 347
73 Как с вaми связaться?................................................... 351
74 Все профeссии важны!................................................. 357
75 Суевeрный человeк....................................................... 363
76 Peвность........................................................................ 369
V• • VI
1 Before you start on the lessons, please read the introduction carefully, Note: In the dialogues, the stressed syllable in each word is shown 1
even if you have some basic knowledge of Russian or have studied in bold (in the notes, it is indicated by an acute accent on the
Russian before. The introduction provides important information stressed vowel). In the English translation of the dialogues, the
about pronunciation and how to make the most of your learning. Italicised words in brackets ( ) are a word-for-word translation of
the Russian. The words between square brackets [ ] are words that
The first set of lessons aims mainly to familiarize you with Russian are not in the Russian phrase but that are needed in English.
pronunciation rules and the sounds of the language. Once you have
assimilated these, you will be able to pronounce every word you
read. We recommend you read the pronunciation notes carefully.
Pronunciation Notes
(The numbers refer to the sentences in the dialogue.)
Lesson number: • The sound ы is halfway between y [oo] and
и [i]. The tongue is drawn back, as for y, but the lips are spread,
as for и. In this course, ы is transcribed as [ee] after most letters,
but [wee] after б, в and м.
• р is a rolled [r].
1 нь (день [dyenyi] ) is pronounced [n] followed by a very short
[yi] sound, like the [ny] in new (British pronunciation) or the [gn] Notes
in gnocchi. The soft sign ь (like the hard sign ъ which you will ① The expression до́брый день [dawbreey dyenyi] is used as a
see later) is silent, but alters the pronunciation of the preceding greeting until about 6 pm.
consonant. ь softens the preceding consonant.
2 Stressed e (Приве́т) is pronounced like the [ye] in yes. ② Са́ша [sasha] is a diminutive of Алекса́ндр [alyiksandr]. На́дя
Stressed a is pronounced like the [a] in hard. Unstressed a is [nadya] is a diminutive of Наде́жда [nadyezhda]. Even if the
pronounced like the first [a] in karate. two forms of the same name do not look much like each other,
you’ll have to get used to it, because Russians love diminutives!
3 Before the voiced д [d] in дела́ [dyila], the final unvoiced к [k] in Stressed o is pronounced like the [aw] in thaw. Unstressed o is
как becomes voiced and is pronounced like the [g] in give: [kag- pronounced like the first [a] in karate: xорошо́ [kharashaw].
dyila]. The two words are hyphenated in the pronunciation to show 5 a y [a-oo] is pronounced as a single word.
that the second word alters the pronunciation of the first word. 6 • The final o in Спаси́бо [spasiba] is unstressed, so is
Unstressed e (дела́) is pronounced [yi]. However, when it is pronounced like the first [a] in karate.
in the final position, unstressed e is pronounced [ye] but with • Before the unvoiced c [s] in всё, the voiced в [v] becomes
slightly less emphasis e.g. yпражне́ние [ooprazhnyeniye]. unvoiced and is pronounced [f]: всё [fsyaw].
4 x is a guttural h sound indicated by [kh]. It is like the [ch] in
Loch Ness or German Bach.
Notes
③ Как дела́? [kag-dyila], literally “How matters?”, is a very my/your/his etc. possession, at my/your/his etc. place, or by
common expression, the equivalent of How are you? The another appropriate preposition. In this case, the expression А
verb to be is omitted in the present tense in Russian (in both у вaс, which is short for A как у вaс дела́, could be translated
statements and questions). Russian word order is much more as How are things with you?
flexible than English word order. Instead of saying just Как ⑥ вaс. Russian has two forms of the second person pronoun
дела́?, you can insert у вас? [oo vas] “with you”: Как у вас (you): the informal ты [tee] for close friends, family, children
дела́?, how are you? (literally: “How with you matters?”). and animals, and the formal вы [vwee] for people you do not
④ A [a], introduces a contrast with the previous statement or know well or who are your seniors. вы is also the plural form
question. In this sentence, it introduces a change of person. of you. These distinctions are the same as French tu and vous.
Depending on the context, it can be translated as and or but or Here вaс is the genitive case of вы after the preposition y.
How/What about you/him, etc.? or not translated.
⑤ The preposition у [oo] has no exact equivalent in English. In
English, depending on the context, it can be translated by in
Read:
Cаша, да, газ, спасибо, вы, жираф, опера. There are two extra exercises at the end of each lesson – a reading
exercise and a writing exercise. In these exercices, you will
Саша, gа, гаz, сnасuбо, вы, жuраф, оnера. come across words you have encountered in the previous les-
sons as well as new words. You will find that the letters that
Answer Key (pronunciation and translation): seemed incomprehensible at first will start to make sense as you
[sasha] Sasha, [da] yes, [gas] gas, [spasiba] thank you, [vwee] you manage to decipher them.
(plural or formal), [zheeraf] giraffe, [awpyira] opera. In the reading exercise, the first line is in typed script. The
second line is in cursive script and shows you how a Russian
Write and decipher: would handwrite the same words. Sometimes the two scripts
как, это, Надя, театр, стоп. can look quite different. Read each word aloud and enjoy saying
and hearing the sounds of Russian!
The second exercise is designed to help you practice handwri-
Answer Key: ting Russian words. We recommend you use a separate exercise
как [kak] how, эmо [et ] that, Hаgя [nadya] Nadya, mеаmр
a
book to practice and write out each word several times.
[tyiatr] theater, сmоn [stawp] stop.
1 – Дай мне, пожалуйста, ① твою ручку! 1 – Give me your pen, please!
2 – Почему ты хочешь именно ② мою 2 – Why do you want my pen?
ручку? 3 – Think for yourself: Dad writes with a pencil,
3 – Подумай сам ③ : папа пишет 4 Mom types on the computer,
карандашом ④, 5 and I need a pen!
4 мама печатаeт ⑤ на компьютере,
5 а мне нужна ручка!
Pronunciation Notes
Lesson number: Пятидеся́тый [pitidyisyateey]. ③ The pronoun сам means oneself. You will learn more about it
in lesson 55.
④ The instrumental is the case that describes by what means, or
“instrument” the action is accomplished, or what accompanies
the action:
Ты пи́шешь рýчкой и́ли карандашо́м?, Do you write with
Notes a pen or a pencil?
① Дай мне, пожáлуйста (literally “give me please”) can often To refresh your memory of how to form the instrumental sin-
be translated as Can I please have? gular, refer to lesson 42, section 1. An interesting derivation:
② The word и́менно, exactly, is not always translated in English, the word каранда́ш was introduced into Russian in the 18th
because it can be rendered by emphasis on the key word. When century. It is formed from two Turkish words: kara, black, and
и́менно is used with и, and, it means that’s exactly the one… taş, stone. The Swiss brand of pencils Caran d’Ache would
For example: seem to have the same origin.
и́менно э́ту кни́гу я и хочý!, That’s exactly the book I want! ⑤ The imperfective verb печа́тать can be translated as type,
и́менно э́то он мне и сказа́ л, That’s exactly what he told me. print or publish.
1 Вот мы и подошли ① к поcледнему 1 Now we’ve reached (Here we and came-up to)
уроку нашего учебника. the last lesson of our book.
2 Путь был нелёгким ②, вам понадобилось 2 The road (path) was not easy, you needed a lot
много терпения и трудолюбия ③. of patience and dedication.
3 Но, как говорится, без труда не 3 But, as they say, no gain without pain (without
labor not you-will-pull-out and fish from pond)!
вынешь ④ и рыбку ⑤ из пруда!
4 Everything has worked out well for you (with you
4 У вас всё получилось, и если вам everything received-self), and if that has made you
захотелось поехать в Россию, want to go (you felt-like to-go) to Russia,
5 мы только можем пожелать вам 5 we can only wish you “Bon voyage!”.
«Счастливого пути!». 6 The language is the best way to [get to] know a
6 Язык – это наилучший ⑥ способ country and its people (best way of-knowledge
познания стран и народов, of-countries and peoples),
7 с их культурой и традициями. 7 (with) their culture and traditions.
ты был грýстным, you were sad; де́вочка была́ стра́нной,
Pronunciation the girl was strange.
2 … nyilyawkhkim … 3 … byistrooda … 5 … shislivava … ③ Don’t forget that after мно́го the noun and/or adjective is in
6 … nailoochsheey …
the genitive.
мно́го терпе́ния и трудолю́бия, much patience and
Notes dedication.
① подошли́: the prefix под(о) contains the idea of approaching ④ Here the second-person singular is used in a general, imperso-
or coming up to something: подойти́, to approach on foot nal sense: не вы́нешь, you won’t pull out as in no one can pull
takes the preposition к + dative: out (whether they want to or not).
Он подошёл к столý и что́ -то взял, He came up to the table ⑤ ры́бкa is the diminutive of ры́бa, fish, formed with the femi-
and took something. nine suffix -ка. It is also a term of endearment used for a child
② You already know that after some verbs, the noun and/ or a romantic partner.
or adjective is in the instrumental (to revise the rule, see ⑥ The prefix наи- reinforces the sense of a superlative. It is
lesson 77, section 6). For example, after the verb быть, to used frequently with some superlatives and rarely with others.
be, in the past tense, the adjective goes into the instrumental: наилýчший is the reinforced superlative of лýчший, the
упражне́ние бы́ ло нелёгким, the exercise was not easy; best.
Note
⑦ oткры́тие has two meanings: opening and discovery. For
example: oткры́тие магази́на: the opening of a store;
oткры́тие но́вых стран, the discovery of new countries.
*** ***
Russians have a fine sense of humor. Jokes undoubtedly help them На ры́нке:
cope with a stressful existence in a society in transition. Russians – Скажи́те, пожа́луйста, ско́лько сто́ит э́та ло́шадь?
readily make fun of themselves, their favorite heroes, various – Но э́то не ло́шадь! Э́то кýрица.
aspects of society, human failings, etc. Here are some examples to – А... прости́те: я смотре́л на це́ну.
end the last lesson with a smile. At the market:
– Can you please tell me how much this horse costs?
– Това́рищ милиционе́р, скажи́те, по э́той ýлице ходи́ть не – But that’s not a horse! It’s a chicken.
опа́сно? – Oh, sorry, I was looking at the price.
– Бы́ло бы опа́сно, я бы здесь не ходи́л!
– Officer (“Comrade Policeman”), [tell me] is it dangerous to walk – До́ктор, у меня́ грипп. Что вы мне посове́туете?
down this street? – Вста́ньте от меня́ пода́льше!
– If it were dangerous, I wouldn’t be walking here! – Doctor, I have the flu. What do you advise me [to do]?
– Stand a bit further away from me!
– Па́па, угада́й, како́й по́езд бо́льше всех опа́здывает?
– Како́й, сыно́к?
– Тот, кото́рый ты обеща́л мне подари́ть ещё на про́шлый
Но́вый год... The last lesson is over, but you don’t have to stop here! How about
– Dad, guess which train comes later than all [the others]. continuing the second wave right up to lesson 100!
– Which one, son?
– The one you promised to give me last New Year...
Second wave: 51st Lesson
517 •
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