PURPOSE OF SPECIFICATIONS :

INTERIOR DESIGN
1. Describe types and quantity of
Material Specification: product describe
root word ( S P E C I F I C ) 2. Requirement for fabrication.
synonym – exact definite Erection- application, installation
and finishing.
SWATCH – material specification & 3. Describing the quality of
architectural specification are different. workmanship necessary
4. Should include codes and standards
SWATCHES : 5. Description and procedures for
COLOR alternate materials
SIZE
QUANTITY TYPES
TEXTURE 1. Descriptive – extrinsic and intrusive
PATTERN properties.
OPERATION 2. Performance – how it works and
BRAND operates
SPECIFICATION – are the written 3. Reference Standard - ASTM, PNS,
requirement for a material product or etc
service for proposed project like building, 4. Proprietary – open ( equivalent
bridge or..(?) mean you have option) / close
(specific materials/description).
HOW WE SPECIFY: DRY WALL – ( wood without anything in
QUANTITY between)
SIZE *study vernacular terms = ex. Palstada,
PATTERN pinakuan, etc
MANNER OF OPERATIONS
GENERIC MATERIALS wall: vern concrete, dry wall, glass
COLOR curtain, aluminium..
BRAND NAME ( OPTIONAL)
NATURAL /ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
IMPORTANCE Light - form of energy visible to the human
- protects the interests of both client and eye that is radiated by moving charged
architect particles
- basic for material estimates ( for - Sun is the Earth’s primary source of
contractors) light about 44%.

For architectural projects the specifications HOW LIGHT TRAVEL:

are part of the contract documents.(where - Light travel at very high speed
material specs are being included)
 - The speed of light through empty
spaces is about 186,000 miles per
second. ( about 300,000 km per
second)
- Bundles of energy. The bundles are
called Photons
ABOUT LIGHT:
- It travels in a straight line until it
runs into something.
- Light bounces off. This is called
Reflection.
- Opaque materials can also absorb or
some or all of the colors that make
up light. This is why you can see
color.
- Refraction- bending of light
COLORS OF LIGHT:
- A rainbow is called spectrum.
- Violet has highest energy
- Red has lower energy
In between of color red and violet
that make the light is called visible
light.
- Beyond violet is called ultraviolet
- Beyond red is called infrared.
3 TYPES OF VISIBLE LIGHT SOURCE:
1. Natural phenomena – radiation of
the complete spectrum of light,
from sun and stars; the reflection of
sunlight of the moon,sky..(?)
2. Incandescence or temperature- as
an element is heated its molecule
become increasingly active (heat
reliant).
3. Luminescence- electric current
introduced through a gas or solid (
electric reliant)
SUNLIGHT- Solar radiation is absorbed,
reflected, and scattered in the atmosphere
so that the visible.
- amount of daylight.
3 BASIC CONDITION OF INCIDENT LIGHT
are considered in design evolution,
depending on climatic and site.
1. Light from overcast sky only. – This
varies with the density and
uniformity of the overcast.
2. Light from a clear sky only.
3. Light from a clear sky plus direct
sunlight. – the effect of direct
sunlight on surface exposed to if is
added to clear sky condition.
SOURCES OF ILLUMINATION
- Kitchen - E
- Living - S
- Bedroom- NW NE SE SW
- Breakfast Area - E
- Service Area- E
DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION NEEDS TO BE
CONTROLLED
- Reduce heat gain through openings
during warm weather;
- Maximize heat gain when space
heating is required
- Reduce visual discomfort of glare or
sharp contrast and improve level
and diffusion of illumination
- Reduce visual discomfort radiation
of the ground, water, snow or adjust
vertical surface may cause glare.
ORIENTATION
EAST:
- East-facing openings admits strong
sunlight early in the morning and
 lose the sun sometime before noon.
- BEDROOM, KITCHEN,BA,AREA
USED EARLY IN THE DAY
BEDROOM – NE,NW,SE,SW
WEST:
- West-facing windows receive the
late afternoon
- western exposure can create
uncomfortable glare and heat in
some parts of the country.
- shading devices such as overhangs
or blinds can prevent the heat going
inside.
NORTH:
- which never admit direct sun,
generally receive cool but consistent
from the north sky.
SOUTH:
- good orientation, ideally south
with appropriate checking, make
difference in winter and summer.
- family room, living room, sewing
room.
HOW TO CONTROL NATURAL LIGHT:
FINISHES
- the color and reflectivity of interior
finishes are important in use of
daylight and control luminous
ration.
- light colored surface enlarge the
perception of space and diffuse the
light distribution.
- THE CEILING is more effective
surface for reflecting light and
typically, it should be very light in
color.
- THE FLOOR is one of the least
significant, and it is here that the
designer has the greatest oppurnity
for the use of darker colors; used in
carpets.
SHADING DEVICES
- Louvers, overhangs, shades, blinds
( with or without draperies), or
other devices can be applied
creatively to control excessive
illumination and luminance contrast
emitted from the sun.
- Trees : natural sun shading devices
– we can use deciduous
trees ( broad leaves ) on
south side to prevent heat
and glare.
- Coniferous trees ( pointed
leaves) give a garden
guaranteed colour all year
round; when planted on the
north side, they can block
some of the piercing
northern winds in the colder
months of the year.
example : balsam fir, fraser
fir, douglas fir, red pine,
white pine, scotch pine.
FURNITURE PLACEMENT
when placing furniture, it is
important to keep bright windows
out of the field of vision of any
person doing close up tasks like
reading or repair work. The
traditional advice “light over the left
shoulder” is still good, although light
from the right is also satisfactory for
most tasks and ideal for left-handed
people.
MULTIPLE GLAZING.
multiple glazing uses two,
sometimes three, sheets of glass
that are factory-assembled into a
 sandwich. The dead air spaces maintenance and wattage;
between the layers minimize heat
loss or heat gain. Special glass tinted
to filter out unwanted heat energy
while permitting most light to pass
through can be obtained.

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

Illumination of the visual task is of premier

importantce:

- Provide adequate illumination at the plane

of work, on the object;
- Provide proper lighting for passages,
corridors, staircases and other means of
circulation;
- Ensure proper contrast of surround and
background
- Selection of lamp should be based on lamp
efficacy, lumen production, lumen
  Select the light source with regard to
requirements of work or process,
psychological satisfaction, and
Illumination of the visual task is of premier
combination with natural light;
importance:
 Be aware of color rendition for
 Provide coordination with natural impact an environmental surfaces
lighting arrangements; - color in decorations, on machines
 Provide auxiliary lighting as needed and equipment, emergency and
for safety, security, emergency, etc safety color identifications.
Correct color of lighting may be essential:
Indoor application - Focusing Attention
- Provision of security:
 Flexibility of intended use of the
- Lighting can enhance visibility and
space is the biggest benefit of area
thereby engender a sense of
lighting, and it relies on uniform
security. Lighting can also be used to
illumination on the horizontal plane.
illuminate hazards, such as a
Uniform distribution can be
changing floor plane or moving
accomplished by using certain
objects.
arrangements of like-luminaire
systems or by combining different
types of systems
 Office lighting can be satisfied with
recessed, surface-mounted,
pendant-mounted or portable
luminaires. It is often most effective
when combined with task lighting.
 Typical area lighting seldom
provides sufficient luminance to
support growth of plants in interior
landscaping designs. Ground covers
and flowering plants typically
require substantial light
 Indoor industrial task include a
variety of visual tasks often in one
large, open space. Building
definition can vary greatly and
movement of equipment and
material is constant.
 Sports lighting typically requires
illumination beyong the limits of the
area of play.
FUNCTIONS OF LIGHTING
- Performance of tasks :
- Lighting to perform work, whether
it be reading assembling parts, or
seeing a blackboard referred to as
task lighting. Visual work is primary
reason for providing lighting
- Enhancement of space and
structure