Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contents
This brochure deals with the repair of cracks, ranging Introduction
from structural condition analysis including cause investi-
gations, regulations to be considered and product selection Cracks in Building Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
and – last but not least – the execution of crack injections.
Additionally, the presentation will cover special appli- Damage Diagnosis
cations such as the sealing of structures against highly
pressing water using quick-foaming SPUs, the sealing of Crack Analysis
contaminated cracks and the stabilization and sealing of Crack types and their causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
cracks in masonry. Crack geometry and dynamic changes . 3
Moist conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NOTE
Restoration
Please consider all existing regulations and the Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
instructions in the technical data sheets on the
respective WEBAC products.
Products
EP injection resins (category F) . . . . . . . . . . . 6
We will be glad to help you find solutions to
PU injection resins (category D) . . . . . . . . . 7
individual problems.
Water stop with
PU injection foam resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Technical items
Injection pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Injection packers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Performance
Application of WEBAC Injection Resins
Preparatory work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Gluing and patching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Impregnation/Grouting of cracks
and surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Final work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Special Applications
Cracks in Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
All the data indicated above are of an advisory nature representing our current state of knowledge fully responsible for compliance with any existing regulations and restrictions when using the
and in no way binding, information provided in this respect by our employees is also non-binding. products. With publication of this brochure all previous versions are no longer valid. Copyright
As the exact chemical, technical and physical conditions of the actual application are beyond by WEBAC-Chemie GmbH. No parts of this brochure may be reproduced and/or printed without
WEBAC‘s control, this information does not preclude examination of the products and procedures the prior written permission of WEBAC-Chemie GmbH. Version 01/16/2
for the intended application by the user. WEBAC is thus unable to guarantee results. The user is
Crack Repair
2
Introduction
Structural cracks in mineral construction materials such is exceeded. Causes, effects and solutions in crack repair
as concrete, screed or mortar occur especially if the low schemes are summarized in the following diagram.
tensile and shear strength of these construction materials
Restauration
Closing Flexible bonding Structural bonding Sealing
Regulations
In accordance with CJEU judgment C100/13 on the signi • ZTVIng (“Riss” in part 5.3) – with BASt list of tested
ficance of harmonized European Standards (hES) a new products
alignment between European product regulations and • National Test Certificate (abP) according to Rili SIB
national usage regulations must be found. of German Committee for Reinforced Concrete
Brochure Crack Repair 01/16/2 © WEBAC-Chemie GmbH
At present, the following regulations are applicable for (DafStb) 2001 Guidelines of Concrete Repair of DafStb
crack repairs: • Special solutions for special requirements beyond
any existing regulations
• hEN 1504-5:2004 (DIN EN 15045:2005) with CE marking
according to BRL* B, part 1, section 1.1.7.2 * German List of Building Regulations of German Institute
• DIN EN 1504-5:2013 (does presently not (yet) entitle for Construction Engineering (DIBt), edition 2015/2
to the CE marking)
• DIN V 18028:2006 (supplementary standard) for mark
of conformity according to BRL* A, part 1, section 1.7.6
1
Damage Diagnosis
Crack Analysis
Creepage
GW
Cracks in
external wall
Gravel nests
Construction joints Temperature
Cracks Gravel nests Construction joints Gravel nests
Subsidence and foundation
soil deformation
Crack Repair
2
Damage Diagnosis
Crack Analysis
w • Construction joints
• Solid components
• Junctions between solid and less solid components
u
• Re-entrant corners and cross-section jumps
• Entry areas of strong, concentrated forces
Recurring crack width changes • Bearing points
3
Damage Diagnosis
Crack Analysis
Moist conditions
Depending on the intensity of the water load, a distinction
is made between the following moisture conditions in the
existing regulation.
DRY DAMP
• Crack edges and component’s surface visually dry, • Color change caused by water (capillary water absorp-
water access not possible tion) in crack or cavity area, but no water emergence
• Influence of crack/cavity area by water not detectable • Signs of very recent water emergence
• Water access possible but excluded for a sufficiently • Crack/cavity visibly damp or matt damp,
long time also on dry cores
• Stagnant water visible in crack or visible • Water flows through crack or cavity
in form of small droplets in crack area in form of continuous water flow
• Water trickling from crack area
Crack Repair
4
Restoration
Objectives
Objective Explanation
5
Restoration
Products
The injection products used for crack repairs should • High aging resistance
have the following properties: • Non corrosion-promoting
• Viscosity and application adapted to object conditions • Compatibility with all materials they are designed
• Good workability in a wide temperature range to come in contact with
• Sufficient adhesive strength (on concrete structure)
Techn. parameters* WEBAC 4110 ® WEBAC 4120P ® WEBAC 4130 ® WEBAC 4170 ® WEBAC 4170T ®
Mixing ratio 2 : 1 parts by vol. 3 : 1 parts by vol. 2 : 1 parts by vol. 3 : 1 parts by vol. 3 : 1 parts by vol.
Viscosity of mixture (23 °C) 360 mPa.s 200 mPa.s 700 mPa.s 95 mPa.s 110 mPa.s
Workable life (20 °C) 100 min 50 min 20 min 40 min 20 min
• Excellent edge • Low viscosity • Structural strength: • Very low viscosity • Good curing also at
adhesion • Resistant to wet • Suitable for damp low temperatures
• Also cures under dynamic stress • Suitable at low crack edges • Very low viscosity
dynamic stress • Good edge temperatures • Good adhesion • Suitable for damp
Special properties • Volume and adhesion • Very tough • Total solid** and oily crack
dimensional • Good penetration • Suitable for edges
stability • Total solid** oil-contaminated • Good adhesion
• Total solid** crack edges • Total solid**
• Total solid**
Performance
U(F1) W(2) (1) (20/30)
characterist ics (acc. to U(F1) W(2) (1) (8/30) (1) U(F1) W(5) (3) (5/30) U(F1) W(1) (2) (8/30) U(F1) W(1) (1) (5/30)
U(F1) W(5) (1) (5/30)
DIN EN 1504-5:2013)
*
The specified data are values determined under laboratory conditions and are subject to certain fluctuations.
Deviations are possible in practice depending on the respective object situation.
**
according to test method by Deutsche Bauchemie e.V.
Crack Repair
6
Restoration
Products
Injection of PU resins
PU/SPU
Co mb i
Techn. parameters *
WEBAC 1403P ® WEBAC 1405 ® WEBAC 1420P ® WEBAC 1500 ®
Mixing ratio 1 : 1 parts by volume 2 : 1 parts by volume 1 : 1 parts by volume 1 : 1 parts by volume
Viscosity of mixture (23 °C) 105 mPa·s 150 mPa·s 400 mPa·s 250 mPa·s
Workable life (23 °C) 120 min 50 min > 60 min > 25 min
• Low viscosity • Very high flexibility • High chemical resis- • Fast-sealing foam
• Good elasticity • Low foam formation tance also to biogenic structure upon water
• Adjustable reaction • Good adhesive power, sulfuric acid contact
time (accelerator: high edge adhesion on • Very flexible • Low viscosity
WEBAC B14) ® concrete, steel, polymer • Fast-sealing foam • Elastic foam structure
• Total solid** • High shear strength upon water contact • Fast curing –
• Resistant to bitumen, • Compatible with permanent sealing
coal-tar pitch, bitumen
Special properties existing sealings • Tested for microbiolog-
• Adjustable reaction time ical purity (W 270 test
(accelerator: WEBAC according to regulations
Brochure Crack Repair 01/16/2 © WEBAC-Chemie GmbH
CE classification
U(D1) W(2) (1/2/3) (9/30) U(D1) W(2) (1/2/3) (5/30) U(D1) W(3) (1/2/3) (10/30) U(D1) W(3) (1/2/3) (9/30)
(EN 1504-5)
*
The specified data are values determined under laboratory conditions and are subject to certain fluctuations.
Deviations are possible in practice depending on the respective object situation.
**
following test method by Deutsche Bauchemie e.V.
7
Restoration
Products
Viscosity of mixture (23 °C) 600 mPa.s 240 – 1.200 mPa.s 400 mPa.s
Workable life (23 °C) 120 min 120 min 120 min
*
The specified data are values determined under laboratory conditions and are subject to certain fluctuations.
Deviations are possible in practice depending on the respective object situation.
SPU with CE
Permanent sealing 1C
Technical parameters* WEBAC 155 ®
*
The specified data are values determined
under laboratory conditions and are subject
to certain fluctuations. Deviations are possi-
ble in practice depending on the respective
object situation.
Crack repair in concrete
Crack Repair
8
Restoration
Technical Items
WEBAC IP EasyPro
® WEBAC HP 100
® WEBAC IP 2K-F2
®
Drill-hole packers
• Drill-hole packers are cylinder-shaped injection packers
WEBAC HP 250
® WEBAC HEP 1001
®
which are installed and tightened in drill holes made
for this purpose.
• Depending on the type of installation a distinction is
made between mechanical packers and hammer-in
packers.
• WEBAC Mechanical Packers are anchored in the drill
®
holes by screwing.
• WEBAC Hammer-in Packers are installed into the
®
Surface packers
• WEBAC Surface Packers are glued directly onto
®
9
Performance
Application of
WEBAC Injection Resins
Good organization and preparation facilitate the application
and assure the required high quality of crack repairs.
Injection direction
The distance between the drill holes depends on the – 45°
Patching
approx. 3 mm
surface packers usually corresponds to the thickness of B B
a
Crack Repair
10
Performance
Application of
WEBAC Injection Resins
Gluing and patching
WEBAC Epoxy Putties are used for installing surface drill holes = thickness of structural element). In order to
packers and for patching cracks. prevent clogging of the injection channel when gluing
the packer onto the element surface, a steel nail (locking
Especially when filling cracks where structural strength
pin) is driven into the crack onto which the packer is then
is required, the cracks must be patched prior to the in-
fitted. As soon as the putty has cured the nail is removed.
jection in order to ensure a high filling level in the cracks
The cracks are patched on all sides with an even layer
and to prevent the injection product from being washed
of WEBAC Epoxy Putty at least 10 cm wide and 3 mm
out of the cracks.
thick. A vent must be provided at the highest points of the
WEBAC Surface Packers are glued onto the crack at the cracks.
component’s surface using EP putty (distance between
Techn. parameters* WEBAC 4510 ® WEBAC 4515 ® WEBAC 4520 ® WEBAC 4525 ® WEBAC 4525P ®
INJECTION PRESSURE
The injection pressure is the nominal value of
the delivery pressure at which the injection
product is delivered to the filler neck (packer).
Brochure Crack Repair 01/16/2 © WEBAC-Chemie GmbH
Concrete strength
max. pressure = x 10 bar Filling level
3
Example:
Filling level = 5 mm Crack widened by cutting in
25 or 15-fold crack width parallel to crack course (supply)
C 20/25 = x 10 bar = 83,3 bar (smaller value is decisive)
3
11
Performance
Application of
WEBAC Injection Resins
Work sequence using the example of an injection via drill-hole packers
Final work
Upon conclusion of the injection process and the mate-
rial’s curing process the patching can be removed in a
non-destructive manner, e.g. by heating with a hot air
gun. The packers can be knocked off or dismounted.
The drill holes are then closed with suitable mineral
materials and the surface is reprofiled (Ill. 5 and 6).
Crack Repair
12
Special Applications
Cracks in Masonry
Techn. parameters* WEBAC 1401 ® WEBAC 1403 ® WEBAC 1404 ® WEBAC 1420 ® WEBAC 1440 ®
Mixing ratio 3 : 1 parts by vol. 1 : 1 parts by vol. 3 : 1 parts by vol. 3 : 1 parts by vol. 3 : 1 parts by vol.
Viscosity of mixture (23 °C) 45 mPa.s 80 mPa.s 110 mPa.s 300 mPa.s 250 mPa.s
Brochure Crack Repair 01/16/2 © WEBAC-Chemie GmbH
Workable life (23 °C) 120 min 90 min 60 min 100 min 120 min
• Extremely low • Quick seal foam • Very economical • High chemical • Tear-resistant
viscosity structure upon use resistance also to foam structure
• Low foam contact with water • Mainly based on biogenic sulfuric • Resistant to
development • Universally renewable raw acid mechanical stress
Special properties • Dynamically
• Good penetration applicable, materials • Very flexible
• Mainly based on high reliability • Quick seal foam stabilizing
renewable raw structure upon • Quick-foaming
materials contact with water
*
The specified data are values determined under laboratory conditions and are subject to certain fluctuations.
Deviations are possible in practice depending on the respective object situation.
13
WEBAC-Chemie GmbH
Fahrenberg 22
22885 Barsbuettel/Hamburg, Germany
Tel. +49 40 67057-0 · Fax +49 40 6703227
info@webac.de · www.webac.de
www.webac-grouts.com
We are an associate
member in DBV