Faith Hannah Paquilit BSN 1st year Philippine History

• Give the following set of statement /evidence assume as a judge in tribunal. Answer the
following question in the merit of the statement/evidence.

• The Retraction Letter of Rizal

(Written in the night of December 29, 1896)

“I declare myself a catholic religion and this Religion which I was born and educated I
wish to live and die.
“I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writing, publication and conduct
has been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church.”
Answer:
Since Rizal’s retraction letter was discovered by Manuel Garcia, C.M. in 1935 its content has
become a favorite subject of dispute among academic and Catholics. The letter, dated on
DECEMBER 29, 1896, was said to have been signed by National Hero Himself. “
I declare myself a catholic religion and this Religion which I was born and educated I wish to live
and die. “I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writing, publication and conduct has
been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church.”
The controversy whether the National Hero actually wrote a retraction document only lies in the
judgment of its reader, as no amount of proof can probably opposing groups---the Masonic
Rizalistic (who firmly believe that Rizal did not withdraw) and the Catholic Rizalistic (who convey
Rizal to retracted)---agreed with each other. Proofs, document tells most people that the first of
the retraction was sent by Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda to Rizal’s cell in Fort Santiago the
night before execution in Bagumbayan. But Rizal was said to have rejected the draft because it
was lengthy. According to a testimony by Father Vicente Balaguer, a Jesuit missionary who
befriended the hero during his exile in Dapitan, Rizal accepted a shorter reaction the document
prepared by the superior of the Jesuit Society in the Philippines ,Father Poi P i. Rizal then wrote
his retraction after making modification in the document. In his, retraction, he disavowed
Masonry and religious thoughts that opposed Catholic belief.

• December 15 (1898 )Manifesto

(Written as defense of Rizal in the court martial that was set to try him)

MANIFESTO TO CERTAIN FILIPINOS

by Jose RIZAL
Fellow countrymen: I have given many proofs that I desire as much as the next
man liberties for our country: I continue to desire them .But I laid down as a
prerequisite the education of people in order that by means of such instruction,
and by hard work, they may acquire a personality of their own and so become
worthy of such liberties, In my writing I have recommended study and civic
virtues, without which no redemption. I have also written (and my words
 repeated by others) that reform, if they are to bear fruit, must come from above,
to reform that come from below upheavals, both violent and from transitory.
Thoroughly imbued with these ideas. I cannot do less than condemn, as I do
condemn, this ridiculous and barbarous uprising, plotted behind my back, which
both dishonors us Filipinos and discredits those who might have taken our parts.
I abominate the crimes for which it is responsible and I will have no parts in it.
With all my heart I am sorry for those who have rashly allowed themselves to be
deceived. Let them, and then return to their home, and may God pardon those
who have acted in bad faith.

Answer:
RIZAL ISSUES A MANIFESTO TO PROCLAIM HIS INNOCENCE - By Christian Bernard A. Melendez
Unfortunately, the manifesto was never made a public. It was enough to convince his
accuser of his innocence and acquit him for the charges. According to Judge Advocate
General de la Peña:”Dr. Jose Rizal limits himself to criticizing the present insurrectionary
movement as premature. “He also noted that “as far as Rizal concerned, the whole
question is one of opportunity, not principle of objectives. Finally de la Peña reasoned
that “a message of this sort, far from promoting peace, is likely stimulate for the future
of rebellion. “Patriotism is not short, frenzied outbursts of emotion but the tranquil and
steady dedication of a lifetime this is what Rizal wanted us to understand---that we can
change ourselves a circumspect understanding of life’s benefits and pitfalls, instead of
engaging in flaring emotion and disregard to consequences .

• Excerpts from “Mi Ultimo Adios “(translation in English )

Farewell, beloved country treasured region of the sun,

Pearl of the sea of Orient, our lost Eden
To you eagerly I surrender this gloomy life:
And where it brighter, fresher more fluid,
Even then I’d give it to you for your shake alone.

In fields of battle deliriously fighting

Other gives you their lives, without doubt, without regret;
The place matter not Were there’s eypress or laurel or
lily,
Or a plank of open fields, in combat cruel martyrdom
It’s all the same if the home or country asks.

I die when I see the sky unfrosted it colors.

And a last after clock of darkness announce the day:
If you need scarlet to tint in dawn,
Shed my blood, it as the moment come,
And it may be gilded by a reflection of the heavens.
My dreams, when scarcely and adolescent
My dreams, when a young man already full of life,
Were to see you one day, jewel of the sea Orient,
Dry those eye black, that forehead high,
Without frown, without rinkles, without stain or shame

My lifelong dream, my deep burning desire,

This soul that will soon depart cries out: Salud!
To your health! Oh how beautiful to fall to give you fight,
To die to give you life, to die under your sky,
And your enchanted external land sleep.

If upon my grief one day you see appear,

Amidst the dense grass, a simple humble flower,
Place it near your lips and my soul you’ll kiss,
And on my brow may I feel, under the cold tomb,
The gentle blow of your tenderness, the warmth of your breath.

Answer:
Mi Ultimo Adios, Jose Rizal on the eve of his executed on December 30 1896. He was imprisoned
in Fort Santiago Intramuros, he was revolutionary and his writing were said to entice
insurgency. Jose Rizal before his execution by firing squad at Rizal or Luneta Park, wrote Rizal’s
last poem Mi Ultimos Adios or My Ultimate Goodbye or for Spanish My last Farewell. Although
the poem is untitled, this served as an artifice useful as a quick reference. The poem originally
written in Spanish was not given any tittle. Rizal hid the paper containing alcoholic stove which
was the later given to his sister Narcisa. Another possible poem was written in a piece of paper
hidden in Rizal’s shoes but the text became unreadable so its content remains a mystery.
Mariano Ponce had the poem published in Hong Kong and gives it title “Mi Ultimo
Pensamiento”. Father Mariano Dacanay, a Filipino priest, gave the poem the tittle “Ultimo
Adios”. So the poem came to known us “Mi Ultimo Adios” or My last Farewell. The poem has
been translated many times in a number of languages. One of the most popular translation is
the English version by Charles E. Derbyshire.

• Was a Rizal a Revolutionary or coward? Justify your verdict

Answer:
Jose Rizal i belived that to be a first Filipino Revolutionary whose death attribute to his work as a writter
and through dissent and civil disobedience enable to him successfuly destoyed Spain's moral primacy
to rule. Hence, Jose Rizal is not a coward.

2. Having the Oro, Plata, Mata in mind, answer the following question.

• What is the setting (temporal) of the movie?

Answer:
Set during World War II, with several historical moments happening in the background, this film focuses
on two rich families whose paths intertwine as the Japanese occupation begins. From extremely wealthy
beginnings to a string of bad luck.

B. What particular event does the movie portray?

Answer:
Its refers to an old Filipino superstition that design elements in house especially staircase and the
lifestyle before .The film is accordingly divide into 3 parts .We meet our main character, upper class
family of Ojeda, and Lorenzo during a lush “Gold” stage.

C. What makes the movie different from other war films you watched?
Answer:
Oro, Plata, Mata is a war much like “ Gone With the Wind “- it’s not a story from the battlefield, but
those in the periphery strong affected by the malice of war. The film title itself provides us a blueprint
of the film. Oro means gold, Plata means silver, and Mata means bad luck.

3. Explain the following statements?

• “Thoughts without context is empty, intuitions without concept is blind”

Answer:
The famous quotation refers to the necessary correlation between abstract thought and concrete
reality. In context the quote refers to the idea that the mind sensory can only process what it is given to
it by the sense, but it also can create intuition, or instinct, which is not based in sensory reality. Our
natured is constituted that intuition with us never can be other sensuous that is, it contains only the
mode in which we are affected by objects. On the other hand, the faculty of thinking the object of
sensuous intuition is the understanding. Neither of these faculties has preference over the other.
Without sensuous faculty no object would give to us, and without the understanding no object would be
thought.

B.”Our reason has this peculiar fate that, with reference to once class of its knowledge, it’s always
trouble with questions cannot be ignored because they spring from the very nature of reason, and
which cannot be ignored because they transcend the power of human reason”
Answer:
One should always act out of duty. One should act morally because it is your duty to act morally, not
because of any end you believe you will achieve by acting morally (e.g. salvation, trust, friendship,
safety, etc.). One should act so that the maxim of your action can be a universal law. When trying to
determine what to do in a situation, the action that is consistent with duty will be one that is based on a
motivation and rationale that you would feel comfortable letting anyone use to support their choice in a
similar situation.
Never treat a rational being as a mere means to an end. In order for freedom to exist and reason to be
developed and practiced, rational beings must respect freedom and reason in others. To do otherwise is
hypocritical

4. Choose among the following, discuss your choice as convincing as you can.
A. Hegel’s Philosophy of history
Answer:
Hegel’s Philosophy of history is perhaps the most fully developed philosophical theory of history
that attempts to discover meaning of direction in history (1824a, 1824b, 1857). Hegel regards history as
an intelligible process moving toward a specific condition ---the realization of human freedom.” The
question at issue is therefore ultimate mankind, the end which the spirit set itself in the world”
(1857:63). Hegel incorporates a deeper historicism into his philosophical theories than his predecessors
or successors. He regards the relationship between “objective” history and subjective development of
individual consciousness (“spirit”) as an intimate one; this is a central thesis in his Phenomenology of
spirit (1807). And the view is to be a central task for philosophy to comprehend its place in the
unfolding of history.” History is the process whereby the spirit discovers itself and its own concept
“(1857; 62). Hegel constructs a world history into narrative of stage of human freedom, from the public
freedom of the polish and the citizenship of the Roman Republic, to the individual freedom of the
Protestant Reformation, to the civic freedom of the modern state. He attempts to incorporate the
civilization of India and China into his understanding of world history, though he regards those
civilizations as a static and therefore pre historical (O’ Brien 1975). He constructs specific moment as
“world –historical “events that that were in the process of bringing about the final, full stage of history
of human freedom. For example, Napoleon’s conquest of much Europe is portrayed as a world historical
event doing history’s work by establishing the terms of the rational bureaucratic state. Hegel find reason
history; but it is a latent reason , and one that can only be comprehended when the fullness when the
fullness of history’s work is finished : “When philosophy paints its grey on grey , then has as shape of
life grown old … The owl of Minerva spread it wings only the falling of the dusk “ (Hegel 1821: 13)
(See O’ Brien (1975), Taylor (1975), and Kojeve (1969) for treatment of Hegel’s philosophy of history.)
It is worth observing that Hegel’s philosophy of history is not the indefensible exercise of speculative
philosophical reasoning that analytic philosophers sometimes paint it. His philosophical approach is not
based solely on foundational prior reasoning, and many of his interpretation of concrete historical
development are quite insightful. Instead he proposes an “immanent” encounter between philosophical
reason and historical given. His prescription is that philosopher should seek to discover the rational
within the real -- not to impose the rational upon the real. “To comprehend what is, this is the task
Of philosophy, because what is, the reason “(1821): His approach is neither purely philosophical nor
purely empirical; instead, he undertakes to discover within the best historical knowledge of his time,
underlying rational principle that can be philosophically articulated (Avineri 1972).