SFD BMD

Mechanics of Material
Unit-II
Shear Force Diagram &
Bending Moment Diagram
RAKESH V ADAKANE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
YCCE NAGPUR
RAKESH V ADAKANE,YCCE Nagpur 1

Syllabus
Unit –III
Types of Beam, Types of loads, Shear force and
bending moment diagrams for different types of
beams subjected to different types of loads ,sign
conventions for bending moment and shear force,
SFD and BMD for beam subjected to couple,
Relation between load, shear force and bending
moment.
2
Shear Force & Bending Moment
(Beam):- A structural member subjected to a system of
external forces at right angles to its axis.
A structural member which is long when compared with its

lateral dimensions, subjected to transverse forces so applied
as to induce bending of the member in an axial plane, is
called a beam
3
SFD:-A graphical representation showing the variation of
shear force along the length of beam.
BMD:-A graphical representation showing the variation of

bending moment the length of beam.
4
•Beams carry loads perpendicular to their longitudinal axis.
•Internal shear forces and

bending moments develop
along the span of a beam.
In designing a beam, it is critical to determine the internal

shear force (V or F) and bending moment distribution (M). This
is accomplished by constructing shear and bending moment
diagrams.
5
( Types of Beams)
Beams are usually described by the manner in which they
are supported
1.(Simply supported Beam):-If the ends of a beam are made to freely rest on
support the beam is called as freely or simply supported beam.
6
2. (Cantilever Beam):- If a member is fixed or built in at one end while its other
end is free, the member is called as cantilever beam.
7
3.(Overhanging Beam):-The beam in which the supports are not

situated at the ends i.e. one or both the ends project beyond the
support.
a L b
8
4. (Built-in Beam or Fixed-Ended Beam):-If a beam is fixed at both its ends, it is

called a built-in , encastred or fixed beam.
9
5.(Propped Beam):-If the one end of beam is fixed and other end is in support, it is
called as propped beam.
10
6.(Continuous Beam):-A beam which is provided with more than two support is
called a continuous beam.
L L L
11
(Types of Supports)
1.(Hinge Support):-e.g. door,window,shutter etc.
Rx
Ry
12
2.(Roller Support):-e.g.Bridges,T.V.trolley etc.
Ry
13
3.(Fixed Support) :-
Rx
Ry
14
(Types of Loading)
1.(Point Load) : kg and N
The load which is considered to act at a point.
P1, kg P2, kg
15
2. (Uniform distributed Load) : w kg/m
The load which is distributed or spread over the length of the beam.
total load= wL acting at centroid of load.
w, kg/m
16
3.(Increasing or uniform variation Load) : kg/m
Total load=Area of triangle
=1/2 w x
w, kg/m
17
4. (Couple or Moment) : kg-m
couple=F*d
Effect of couple=moment
F
M
d
F L
18
(Equilibrium Equations)
For 1D Faxis=0
For 2D SFx = 0, SFy = 0, SMx = 0
For 3D SFx=0, SFy=0, SFz=0,
SMx=0 ,SMy=0,SMz=0
19
(Shear Force Diagram, SFD):-A graphical representation showing
the variation of shear force along the length of beam.
(Bending Moment Diagram, BMD):-A graphical representation

showing the variation of bending moment the length of beam.
P
Pb/L Pa/L
a b
L
Pb/L
+
SFD
O O
-
-Pa/L
Pab/L
+
BMD
O O 20
(Sign Conventions)
(Sagging bending moment:-The bending moment at a section may
bend the member at the section so as to produce concavity above
the Centre line, such a bending moment is called a sagging bending
moment.
(Hogging bending moment:-The bending moment is bend it so as
to produce convexity above the Centre line, such bending moment
is called a hogging bending moment.
21
(Sign Conventions)
M V M V
+ _
V M V M
M M _
+
M M
V V
_
+
V V 22
Simply supported Beam with Point Load
P
Pb/L Pa/L
a b
L
Pb/L
+
SFD
O O
-
-Pa/L
Pab/L
+
BMD
O O
23
(Simply supported Beam with Uniformly distributed Load)
WL/2 WL/2
WL/2
+ SFD
O O
-
WL2 -WL/2
8
+
BMD
O O
24
Cantilever Beam with Point Load
P
PL
O O
SFD
-
-P
O O
- BMD
-PL
25
(Cantilever Beam withUniformly distributed Load)
W
WL2
2
WL
O O
- SFD
-WL
O O
- BMD
-WL2
2
26
Overhanging Beam with Uniformly distributed Load
W(L2-a2) W(L+a)2
2L 2L
L a
W(L2-a2) Wa
2L
+ + SFD
O O
-
W(L+a)2(L-a)2 -W(L2+a2)
8L2 2L
+
BMD
O O
-
-Wa2 27
2
2-Overhanging Beam with Uniformly distributed Load
W(L/2+a) W(L/2+a)
a L a
WL/2 Wa
+ + SFD
O O
- -
-Wa W(L2- a2) -WL/2

8 2
+
BMD
O O
- -
-Wa2 -Wa2
2 2 28
Continuous Beam with Point Load
P P P P
P/2 P P P P/2
L L L L
P/2 P/2 P/2 P/2

+ + + + SFD
O O
- - - -
-P/2 -P/2 -P/2 -P/2
PL/6 PL/8 PL/8 PL/6
BMD
+ + + +
O O
- - -
-PL/8 -PL/8 -PL/8
29
Continuous Beam withUniformly distributed Load
WL/2 WL WL WL WL/2
L L L L
1.15WL/2 WL/2 WL/2 WL/2

SFD
+ + + +
O O
- - - -
-WL/2 -WL/2 -WL/2
-1.15WL/2
2 2
WL WL2 WL2 WL
11 16 16 11
BMD
+ + + +
O O
- - -
-WL2 -WL2 -WL2

9 10 9
30
Ex. Draw the SFD & BMD
Ra = Rb = WL/2 = 1,800x4.5/2 = 4,050 kg
1,800 kg/m
4.50
31
1,800 kg/m
Ra = 4,050 kg Rb = 4,050 kg
4.50
4,050 kg
+ SFD
O O
-
4,556 kg-m -4,050 kg

+
BMD
O O
32
Ex. Draw SFD and BMD
2,500 kg
2.50 1.50
4.00
33
Ra = Pb/L = 2,500x1.5/4 = 937.5 kg
Rb = Pa/L = 2,500x2.5/4 = 1,562.5 kg
Va = Pb/L = 2,500x1.5/4 = 937.5 kg
Vb = -Pa/L = -2,500x2.5/4 = -1,562.5 kg
Vmax = 1,562.5 kg
Mmax = Pab/L = 2,500x1.5x2.5/4 = 2,343.7 kg-m
34
2,500 kg
Ra = 937.5 kg Rb = 1,562.5 kg
2.50 1.50
4.00
937.5 kg
+ SFD
O
-1,562.5 kg
2,343.7 kg-m
+ BMD
O
35
Ex. Draw SFD and BMD
1,200 kg/m
4.00 1.50
36
Ra = W(L2-a2) = 1,200x(42-1.52) = 2,062.5 kg
2L 2x4
Rb = W(L+a)2 = 1,200x(4+1.5)2 = 4,537.5 kg
2L 2x4
Va = W(L2-a2) = 1,200x(42-1.52) = 2,062.5 kg
2L 2x4
Vb(-) = - W(L2+a2) = -1,200x(42+1.52) = -2,737.5 kg
2L 2x4
Vb(+) = Wa = 1,200x1.5 = 1,800 kg
M+ = W(L+a)2(L-a)2 = 1,200x(4+1.5)2x(4-1.5)2 1,772.4 kg-m

8L2 8x42
M- = -Wa 2 = -1,200x1.52 = -337.5 kg-m
8 8
Vmax = 2,737.5 kg , Mmax = 1,772.4 kg

37
1,200 kg/m
Ra = 2,062.5 kg Rb = 4,537.5 kg
4.00 1.50
2,062.5 kg 1,800 kg
+ + SFD
O O
-
1,772.4 kg-m -2,737.5 kg
+
BMD
O O
-
-337.5 kg-m
38
Ex. Draw SFD & BMD of simply supported beam with UDL.
39
Ra = WL/2 + Pb/L = 1,200x5/2 + 3000x2.5/5 = 4,500 kg
Rb = WL/2 + Pa/L = 1,200x5/2 + 3000x2.5/5 = 4,500 kg
Vmax = WL/2 + Pb/L = 1,200x5/2 + 3000x2.5/5 = 4,500 kg
Mmax = WL2/8+ Pab/L

= 1,800x4.52/8 +3,000x2.5x2.5/5 = 7,500 kg-m
40
3,000 kg
1,200 kg/m
4,500 kg 4,500 kg
2.50 2.50
5.00
4,500 kg
+
SFD
0 0
-4,500 kg
7,500 kg-m
+
BMD
0 0 41
Rules for SFD and BMD
Rules SFD BMD
Point load Horizantal line(uniform) Inclined line(linear)
x0=1 x1
UDL Inclined line(linear) Second degree

X1 (20)parabola(square
parabola)
X2
UVL Second degree Third degree
(20)parabola(square parabola(30)(cubic
parabola) parabola)
X2 X3
Concentrated moment or Zero SF Uniform BM

couple
42
Relation between load∫∫W),shear
force(F), & bending moment(M)
Intensity of shear force, F=dM/dx

……………KN
Intensity of loading, w=dF/dx ………………KN/m
dM=Fdx ;=integration, M=∫Fdx

dF=wdx;=integration, F=∫wdx
43
Pure bending
If shear force is zero at that point while Bending

moment is maximum, it is called as pure bending.
In pure bending ,point of
contraflecture(POC)means it changes sign of BM.
Point of Inflection(POI) means, at that point BM
becomes zero.
All POC are POI but all POI may not be POC.
Note-SFD & BMD are independent of the type
and area of cross-section;it depends on the span
& type of loading.
44

SFD BMD

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SFD BMD

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Mechanics of Material

RAKESH V ADAKANE,YCCE Nagpur 1

A structural member which is long when compared with its

BMD:-A graphical representation showing the variation of

•Internal shear forces and

In designing a beam, it is critical to determine the internal

3.(Overhanging Beam):-The beam in which the supports are not

4. (Built-in Beam or Fixed-Ended Beam):-If a beam is fixed at both its ends, it is

total load= wL acting at centroid of load.

(Bending Moment Diagram, BMD):-A graphical representation

-Wa W(L2- a2) -WL/2

P/2 P/2 P/2 P/2

-PL/8 -PL/8 -PL/8

1.15WL/2 WL/2 WL/2 WL/2

-WL2 -WL2 -WL2

4,556 kg-m -4,050 kg

Mmax = Pab/L = 2,500x1.5x2.5/4 = 2,343.7 kg-m

M+ = W(L+a)2(L-a)2 = 1,200x(4+1.5)2x(4-1.5)2 1,772.4 kg-m

Vmax = 2,737.5 kg , Mmax = 1,772.4 kg

1,772.4 kg-m -2,737.5 kg

Vmax = WL/2 + Pb/L = 1,200x5/2 + 3000x2.5/5 = 4,500 kg

Mmax = WL2/8+ Pab/L

UDL Inclined line(linear) Second degree

Concentrated moment or Zero SF Uniform BM

Intensity of shear force, F=dM/dx

dM=Fdx ;=integration, M=∫Fdx

If shear force is zero at that point while Bending

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