EXPERIMENT2 - RADIAL HEAT CONDUCTION

A: A Steady State Heat Conduction

B: The Fourier Rate Equation for Radial Heat Transfer

Name of Student

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 Abstract

In this experiment, there is an explanation of various methods of HT (heat transfer) thermal

conductivity (k), passage of heat (conduction) through cylindrical shells, and heat transfer in a

radial direction. And device used to measure k (thermal conductivity) and the way it functions.

Safety is main priority and is considered before the start of the experiment. This experiment aims

to govern the temperature spreading for steady-state passage of heat through a radial cylindrical

wall which is uniform and to show the impact of an adjustment in flow of heat and to examine the

Fourier’s equation in calculating HT and to infer the formula to govern k of given material. HT

through a given material (disk) will be demonstrated from this experiment.

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 Theory

Processes for HT are divided into following three groups. Conduction is the first, it is the

movement of energy as a result of interactions between the particles from the more energetic

particles of a material to the adjacent less energetic ones. A metal block has a high-temperature

surface and a lower temperature surface. For instance, this type of conduction of heat may

happen in a jet engine through a turbine blade.

Figure 1: Transfer of Heat by Conduction

When a liquid is heated, such as air or water, and then flows away from the source, it

brings along the thermal energy. Convection is called this form of heat transfer. Over a hot

surface, the fluid is spreading, becoming less dense and increasing.

Radiation is produced by EMG (electromagnetic wave) emissions. Radiation occurs

through a vacuum (solid or fluid) or any transparent medium. For instance, heat transmission

from a burning metal or fire object.

Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction:

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 To determine this law: Consider a disk given in the experiment (cylindrical wall) of ‘r’

radius and ‘A’ which is the area supported by ‘dT’ difference in temperature, the ‘Q’ (HT rate

per unit time) is determined to be:

dT
Qcond α A
dr

By rearranging,

dT
Qcond = - k.A.
dr

Here, ‘k’ (Thermal Conductivity) is proportionality constant.

Figure 2: Transmission of Heat in cylindrical (disk) wall

Steady State Conduction

Steady state means things are "not changing anymore." A steady state is a state that remains

the same over a given period. In this test, if there is a specific heat transfer rate through a medium

(for conduction) and if it remains constant at any time, then a steady-state heat transfer is said to

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take place. From the experiment, if we consider the area of surface given material as ‘2𝜋𝑟𝐿’ and

after assimilating the suitable arrangement of the conduction of heat in radial direction, we found

that:

T1,−T2
Qcond = 2.π.k.L. 𝑟2
ln.(, ,)
𝑟1

Here, ‘𝑟1’ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ‘𝑟2’ are inner and outer surfaces’ radius, whereas ‘𝐿’ is the total length of the given

material.

Thermal Conductivity:

Thermal conductivity 'k' refers to the amount of heat that is transferred through a material.

The heat energy transmitted per unit time and per unit surface area is the thermal conductivity

divided by the temperature difference. It is calculated in [W/mK]. Thermal conductivity varies in

temperature and is determined by experiments.

We found in this experiment that ‘k’ is inversely proportional to the ‘L’ and ‘dT’. Thermal

conductivity decreases by increasing the difference in temperature and length. The thermal

conductivity increases by decreasing the difference in temperature and distance. And ‘k’ is directly

proportional to ‘Q’ and ‘ln (r2/r1)’. Thermal conductivity increases by increasing ln (r2/r1) and

heat. Thermal conductivity is reduced by decreasing ln (r2/r1) and heat.

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 References

Heat transfer. (2019, October 6). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer.

RADIAL HEAT CONDUCTION EXPERIMENT - TecQuipment. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.tecquipment.com/radial-heat-conduction-experiment.