The concentration of a chemical degrades in water according to first-

order kinetics. The degradation constant is 0.2 day−1. If the initial

concentration is 100.0 mg · L−1, how many days are required for the
concentration to reach 0.14 mg · L−1?
 A municipal landfill has available space of 16.2 ha at an average
depth of 10 m. Seven hundred sixty-five (765) m3 of solid waste is dumped
at the site 5 days a week. This waste is compacted to twice its delivered
density. Draw a mass-balance diagram and estimate the expected life of
the landfill in years.
 A small lake is surrounded by agricultural land. The lake is 150 m
long and 120 m wide. The average depth is 30 m. The lake is fed by a
small pollution-free stream having an average flow rate of 1.5 m3 ・ s−1. A
herbicide, Greatcrop, is detected at a concentration of 45.2 _g ・ L−1 in the
lake. Greatcrop degrades biologically with a rate constant of 0.22 day−1.
Assuming that the lake is at steady-state conditions and completely mixed
at the time of sampling, what would have been the mass input of herbicide?
Assume that the stream is the only source of water to the lake and that
evaporation, precipitation, and seepage can be neglected.
 A power plant in a college town is burning coal on a cold, clear winter
morning at 8:00 A.M. with a wind speed of 2.6 m · s−1 measured at 30 m
elevation and an inversion layer with its base at a height of 697 m. The
effective stack height is 30 m. Calculate the distance downwind XL at which
the plume released will reach the inversion layer and begin to mix
downward.
 A hazardous waste incinerator is being fed methylene chloride at a
concentration of 5858 mg ・ L−1 in a aqueous stream at a rate of 40.5 L ・
min−1. Calculate the mass flow rate of the feed in units of grams per
minute.