J. Bio. Env. Sci.

2016

Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)

ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online)
Vol. 9, No. 3, p. 57-72, 2016
http://www.innspub.net

RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS

Exploration of floristic diversity of Khanpur valley, District

Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Zeeshan Siddique*1, Sobia Nisa1, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah2, Abdullah Khan1, Alia Naz1,
Salman Khan1, Noureen Aurangzeb1, Shah Masaud Khan3, Abid Farid4,
Muhammad Mohiuddin5

Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

1

Department of Botany, Hazara University Manshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2

Directorate of AS&R, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

3

Dean of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
4

Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

5

Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Article published on September 28, 2016

Key words: Khanpur valley, District haripur, Floristic studies, Flora of Khanpur, Plants of Khanpur

Abstract
A floristic inventory was carried out during 2012-2014 in Khanpur Valley, District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan. Data pertaining to floral composition and other relevant information was collected through
questionnaires, interviews & transect walks during the field visits. As a result total 283 plant species belonging to
101 families were documented. Fungi consisted of 1 species belonging to 1 family, algae 3 species belonging to 3
families, bryophytes 3 species belonging to 3 families, pteridophytes 3 species belonging to 1 family,
gymnosperms 2 species belonging to 2 families, angiosperms 271 species belonging to 89 families (monocots
represented by 38 species belonging to 11 families and dicots 233 species belonging to 78 families). There were
120 herbs, 80 shrubs, 64 trees and 19 climbers species. Of the total plant species recorded, there were 65
(22.96%) annuals, 5 (1.76%) biennials, and 213 (75.26%) perennials plants. Plants reported were tabulated
according to botanical name, vernacular name, family, habit, life span, height, flower colour and flowering
season. The study also indicated that flora of Khanpur Valley is under severe pressure due to deforestation, over
grazing, over exploitation and subsequent fires. As a result valuable flora is getting depleted at alarming rate.
Plant specimens collected were identified, preserved, mounted and voucher was deposited at the Department of
Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur, KP, Pakistan for future references.
*Corresponding Author: Zeeshan Siddique  zsssbio@gmail.com

57 | Siddique et al.

Introduction
Exploration of flora by plant taxonomists
proverbial throughout the world to have information
about the plants. A flora is a compilation of all plant
species growing in any geographic area. Through
these floristic studies, valuable data is recorded which
could be used as reference for future studies. Floristic
studies are helpful in proper identification of plant-
wealth for their utilization on a scientific and
systematic basis. The identification of local plants
along with the description of an area is very
important because it can show specific species of the
local area and their occurrence, growing season,
species hardness, distinct species, finding new species
and the effect of climatic conditions like drought and
overgrazing on vegetation (Ali, 2008).
The study of floristic composition of the vegetation is
crucial for conservation management and
ecologically sustainable management of natural
resources that provides the starting point for more
detailed study (Ejtehadi et al., 2005; Tastad et al.,
2010). It aids in the identification and correct naming
of species, essential resources for biodiversity
estimates and biogeographic studies. Furthermore,
this information provides important public outreach
and fundamental information to use in addressing the
biodiversity crisis (Funk et al., 2007).
Floristic study and diversity assessments
necessary to understand the present diversity status
and conservation of biodiversity. Floristic studies
acquire increasing importance in recent years in
response to the need of developing and under
developing countries to assess their plant wealth
(Vediya and Kharadi, 2011). Natural resources survey
like floristic study plays an important role in the
economic development of developing country like
Pakistan.
Pakistan is a fairly large country endowed with a
variety of climates, ecological zones
topographical regions. The flora is, likewise,
extremely varied and diverse and highly fascinating.
58 | Siddique et al.
J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016
Nearly 6000 species of flowering plants are reported
is from Pakistan and Kashmir (Shinwari, 1996).
Literature regarding the research reveal that in recent
years many researchers like Siddique et al., 2016;
Shaheen et al., 2014; Qureshi et al., 2014; Haq et al.,
2012; Qureshi et al., 2011; Qureshi and Bhatii, 2010;
Fazal et al., 2010; Hussain and Ch, 2009; Ahmed et
al., 2008; Hussain et al, 2008; and Shah and Khan,
2006; have visited most parts of Pakistan, but no area
has been thoroughly explored. Regarding floristic
studies, Khanpur Valley of District Haripur (Pakistan)
is also virgin. No floristic studies have been conducted
by any researcher in this valley till today. So at first, it
was dire need to explore & document the floristic
diversity of this important un-explored valley. The
aim of this study was to provide floristic checklist of
the study area. This will provide baseline date for
future researches. This will serve as baseline
the information to taxonomists, phytosociologist, range
managers, conservationists, herbal medicine
manufacturers and policy makers for future research
in the area under study.
Materials and methods
Study area
Khanpur valley (also Upper Khanpur or Hilly area of
Khanpur) is the part of Haro Valley situated at the
back of federal capital Islamabad and in District
Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
are Khanpur itself is a large and beautiful village in Valley
and one of the 44 union council administrative
subdivisions of Haripur District. It is located to the
south of the District Capital Haripur at 33°48'53N
72°56'22E. It is famous throughout the Pakistan for
its Oranges and is also known for the Khanpur Dam
built over the Haro River. Whole Valley is drained by
Haro River or its tributaries. Valley has beautiful
pine, scrub and shrub forests, streams, waterfalls,
peaks and gorges to watch. Valley has thick and
enormous flora. The weather of the valley remains
pleasant (Siddique et al., 2016). Most part of valley is
backward and is deprived of modern facilities. People
and are dependent on plant resources for their daily life
requirements. Some Pictures of Khanpur valley are
given in Figure 1.

Study design
The present study was carried out from March 2012
to March 2014. The study was completed in three
steps i.e review of literature, visiting study area for
data collection (field work) and documentation of
data obtained during field visits.
Field visits
The whole study area was frequently visited, for the
identification of local flora and to collect the
information pertinent to floristic diversity. Filed visits
included observations, interviews, questionnaires,
guided field walks, field note book and plants
collection & preservation.
Observations
Keen observations were made during the field visits
so as to study the local plants in Khanpur valley. Most
plants were identified botanically during keen
personal observations.
Interviews
The interviews were conducted in local community, to
investigate local people and knowledgeable persons
(Hakims, Pansaries, Women and Herdsmen) who are
attached with plants. The local names of plants, habit,
life span, flower colour, flowering/fruit season &
other relevant information was documented during
the interviews.
Questionnaires
Pre-planned questionnaires were served to draw the
floristic information directly & indirectly.
Questionnaire method was an effective approach to
investigate females via children and students.
Questionnaires provided useful information about the
local names, habit, life span, flower colour,
flowering/fruit season etc of the local flora.
Guided field walks
Guided field walks with experts & knowledgeable
elder people of the study area helped a lot to explore,
collect & identify the plants.
59 | Siddique et al.
J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016
Field note book
Relevant field data i.e botanical name, vernacular
name, family, habit, life span, height of plant, flower
colour, flowering/fruit season was noted on field note
book during the field visits.
Plants collection & preservation
During autumn and spring seasons plants in
flowering/fruiting stage were collected from various
parts of Khanpur Valley. The plant specimens were
pressed and dried properly for two weeks at room
temperature using blotting papers. Plant specimens
were poisoned with Mercuric chloride and absolute
alcohol (2gm Mercuric chloride dissolved in 100ml of
absolute alcohol) and mounted on herbarium sheets.
Data taken in field was transferred to slips pasted on
herbarium sheets. Each specimen was also given a
collection number. Plants were identified with the
help of available literature and taxonomic keys
(Stewart, 1972; Nasir and Ali, 1970-2001; Ali and
Qaiser, 1995-2005). Fungi specimen were collected in
aluminum foil and preserved in distilled water. Algae
& bryophytes, specimens were collected in polythene
bags and then washed with water and preserved in
Formalin-acetic acid-alcohol. The specimens were
deposited in the Herbarium, Department of
Environmental Sciences, University of Haripur,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for future references.
Documentation
Last phase of the research study was documentation
of data collected from the field.
Results and discussions
Floristic diversity of Khanpur valley
During the study total 283 plant species belonging to
101 families were documented. Fungi consisted of 1
species belonging to 1 family, algae 3 species
belonging to 3 families, bryophytes 3 species
belonging to 3 families, pteridophytes 3 species
belonging to 1 family, gymnosperms 2 species
belonging to 2 families, angiosperms 271 species
belonging to 89 families (monocots represented by 38
species belonging to 11 families and dicots 233 species
belonging to 78 families) as shown in Figure 2. Plants
reported from the valley were tabulated according to
botanical name, Vernacular name, family, habit, life
span, height, flower colour and flowering season
(Table 1).
 J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016

Table 1. Floristic diversity of Khanpur valley.

S.No Botanical name Vernacular name Family Habit Life-span Height Flower color Flowering/ fruit
season
FUNGI
1 Morchella esculenta Fr. Sirhli Morchellaceae Herb Spring 2.9 cm --- ---
ephemeral
ALGAE
2 Hydrodictyon sp. --- Hydrodictyaceae Herb Perennial --- --- ---
3 Pithophora sp. --- Cladophoraceae Herb Perennial --- --- ---
4 Spirogyra sp. Saawul Zygnemataceae Herb Perennial --- --- ---
BRYOPHYTES
5 Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. --- Funariaceae Herb Annual 3-5 cm --- ---
6 Marchantia polymorpha L. --- Marchantiaceae Herb Annual 10 cm --- ---
7 Pellia epiphylla (Raddi.) Dum. --- Pelliaceae Herb Annual 10 cm --- ---
PTERIDOPHYTES
8 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. --- Pteridaceae Herb Perennial 15-30 cm --- ---
9 Dryopteris blanfordi C.Hope. Kunjee Pteridaceae Herb Perennial 90 cm --- ---
10 Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Kunji Pteridaceae Herb Perennial 1-2 m --- ---
GYMNOSPERMS
11 Cupressus sempervirens L. Monrhpank Cupressaceae Tree Perennial 20 m --- ---
12 Juglans regia Linn. Akhrot Juglanceae Tree Perennial 25 m --- ---
ANGIOSPERMS (MONOCOTS)
13 Allium jacquemontii Kunth Jangli piaz Alliaceae Herb Perennial 15-35 cm Perianth pale red to March-April
pale purple
14 Aloe barbadensis Mill. Kanwar-ghandal Liliaceae Herb Perennial 0.6-1 m Yellow corolla Summer
15 Apluda mutica L. Lundar Poaceae Herb Perennial 1.3 m Cream with violet Aug-Nov
margins
16 Aristida cyanantha Nees --- Poaceae Herb Annual 2m Purplish May -Sep
17 Arundo donax Linn. Saroot Poaceae Herb Perennial 5m Creamy yellow June-Dec
18 Asparagus gracilis Royle. Shahghandal Asparagaceae Subshrub Perennial 1-2 m Yellowish March-June
19 Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav Piazi Liliaceae Herb Annual 15-50 cm White Nov-April
20 Avena sativa L. kandal Poaceae Herb Annual 1.5 m Yellowish May-August
21 Bothriochloa intermedia (R. --- Poaceae Herb Perennial 50-150 cm Purplish Jul-Oct
Br.) A. Camus
22 Chrysopogon aucheri Boiss. --- Poaceae Herb Perennial 60 cm Green March-May &
Sep-Nov
23 Cymbopogon martinii Roxb. --- Poaceae Herb Perennial 3m Green & straw Sep-Nov
24 Cynodon dactylon L. Khabal Poaceae Herb Perennial 10-40 cm Purplish or green July-Sep
25 Cyperus rotundus Linn. Deela ghass Cyperaceae Grass Perennial 140 cm Purple to red Summer
26 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Madhana Ghaas Poaceae Herb Annual 60 cm Greenish yellow Summer
P. Beauv.
27 Dichanthium annulatum Palwan Poaceae Herb Perennial 25-100 cm Brownish March-Nov
(Forssk.) Stapf in Praia
28 Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) --- Poaceae Herb Annual 10-1540 cm Green or purple July-Aug
Muhl.
29 Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Kunj Dioscoreaceae Climber Perennial 3m Brown May-June
Griseb.
30 Eleusine indica (Linn.) Gaertn --- Poaceae Herb Annual 15-85 cm Whitish June-Aug
31 Eragrostis minor Host. --- Poaceae Herb Annual 6-60 cm Yellowish green May-Sep
32 Hedera helix auct. non Linn.: --- Araliaceae Climber Perennial 30 m Yellow Oct-April
Brandis
33 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. --- Poaceae Herb Perennial 20-100 cm Brown Apr–Dec
Beauv.
34 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Siru Poaceae Herb Perennial 10-120 cm Grey April-June
Beauv.
35 Koeleria macrantha --- Poaceae Herb Perennial 5–60 cm Green June-July
(Ledebour) Schultes

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36 Narcissus tazetta L. Gul-e-nargis Amaryrillidaceae Herb Perennial 80 cm White or yellow Feb-Mar

37 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Jangli Khajoor Arecaceae/ Tree Perennial 7.5-15 m White March-April
Palmaceae
38 Peganum harmala L. Harmal Zygophyllaceae Herb Perennial 25-60 cm White or yellowish March-April
white
39 Poa annua L. Kaaha Poaceae Herb Annual 5-30 cm pale or bright green March-Sep
40 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Malhar Poaceae Herb Annual 10–75 cm pale green Apr–Sep
Steudel
41 Reinwardtia trigyna Roxb. --- Liliaceae Sub-shrub Perennial 1m Yellow Feb-May
42 Rottboellia cochinchinensis --- Poaceae Herb Annual 1–3 m Yellow and green Jul–Oct
(Loureiro) Clayton
43 Saccharum arundinaceum Sarkanda Poaceae Herb Perennial 0.7-6 m Pink Aug–Dec
Retzius
44 Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Kahi Poaceae Herb Perennial 3m White July-Sep
45 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Band kangni Poaceae Herb Annual 5-130 cm Yellow June-Oct
Schult.
46 Smilax aspera L. Birari Liliaceae Climber Perennial 3m White Sept-March
47 Sorghum halepense (Linn.) Barun Poaceae Herb Perennial 0.5-3 m Purple May-Oct
Pers.
48 Themeda anathera Nees --- Poaceae Herb Perennial 30-120 cm Brownish June-Oct
49 Tribulus terrestris L. Ghokru Zygophyllaceae Herb Annual or 20-60 cm Yellow Around the year
biennial
50 Typha angustifolia L. Kundor Typhaceae Herb Perennial 1.5-3 m Brownish Jun-Sep
ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTS)
51 Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd. Khair, Katha Mimosaceae Tree Perennial 15 m White to pale yellow April-Aug
52 Acacia farnesiana (L.)Willd. Vilaiti kikar Mimosaceae Shrub Perennial 8m Orange Nov-Mar
53 Acacia modesta Wall. Phulai Mimosaceae Tree Perennial 3-5 m Pale Yellow Mar-May.
54 Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile. Kikar Mimosaceae Tree Perennial 5-20 m Golden-yellow Mar-May
55 Acer caesium Wall. Tarkanni Aceraceae Tree Perennial 25 m white May-Jun
56 Acer oblongum Wall. ex DC. Aceraceae Tree Perennial 12-15 m Greenish-white Feb-Mar
57 Acer pentapomicum J.L. Kilpattar. Aceraceae Shrub Perennial 1.5 cm Greenish Mar-April
Stewart
58 Achillea millefolium L. Akarkara Asteraceae/ Herb Perennial 6-65 cm White Spring
Compositae
59 Achyranthes aspera Linn. Puthkanda Amaranthaceae Herb Perennial 0.2-2 m Whitish or pale Jun-Aug
green to red or
purple
60 Adhatoda vasica Nees Bhaikur, aroosa Acanthaceae Shrub Perennial 2-2.5 m White Dec-April
61 Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees Pedar Acanthaceae Sub shrub Perennial 1m Pale blue Jun-Dec
62 Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Darawa Simaroubaceae Tree Perennial 30 m Light green May-June
Swingle.
63 Ajuga bracteosa Wall. Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 10-30 cm Brown-black, corolla April-June
Labiateae purple
64 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Mimosaceae Tree Perennial 30 m Yellow April-June
Merrill
65 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. in Sirin Mimosaceae Tree Perennial 8-12 m Green-yellow April-May
Hook
66 Althaea officinalis Linn. Khatmi Malvaceae Herb Annual 1m Corolla pink Feb-May
67 Amaranthus spinosus L. Ganhar Amaranthaceae Herb Annual 1.5 m Green Summer
68 Amaranthus viridis L. Chaleray Amaranthaceae Herb Annual 40-80 cm Green Jun-Aug
69 Anagallis arvensis L. Dhaber booti Primulaceae Herb Annual 10-30 cm Blue to deep blue May-Aug
70 Andrachne cordifolia Wall. Kurkuni Euphorbiaceae Shrub Biennial or 0.6-1.5 m Pale greenish-yellow June-Oct
perennial
71 Artemisia absinthium Linn. --- Asteraceae/ Herb Perennial 1.25 m Yellow June-Sep
Compositae
72 Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. Nim Meliaceae Tree Perennial 15 m White April-May

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73 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Brahmi Scrophulariaceae Herb Perennial 5 to 20 cm White May-Oct
74 Barleria cristata Linn Bansa siyah Acanthaceae Shrub Perennial 1.5 m purple blue Aug-Dec
75 Bauhinia variegata Linn. Kalyarh, kichnar Caesalpinaceae Tree Perennial 15 m White or pale purple Feb-April
76 Berberis lycium Royle Sumbul Berberidaceae Shrub Perennial 2-3 m Pale-yellow April-May
77 Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Mehdevi Nyctaginaceae Herb Perennial 2m White Spring-autumn
78 Bombax ceiba Linn. Sumbul Bombacaceae Tree Perennial 25 m Red Mar-Apr
79 Brassica campestris Linn Sarian Brassicaceae/ Herb Annual 100 cm Yellow Jan-March
Cruciferae
80 Broussonetia papyrifera Linn. Jangli toot Moraceae Tree Perennial 3-12 m Green to red March-Aug
81 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Palas, dhak, chichra Papilionaceae Tree Perennial 12-15 m brown velvety Spring
Taub
82 Buxus sempervirens sensu shamshad, papra Buxaceae Shrub Perennial 3-5 m Green Jan-May
Stewart & Brandis
83 Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Urian Caesalpinaceae Climber Perennial 3m Yellow March-April
Alston
84 Calendula officinalis Linn Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 20-75 cm Yellow or orange Apr-Sep
Compositae
85 Callistemon lanceolatus (Sm.) Bottle bursh Myrtaceae Tree Perennial 3-4 m Red Mar-June
Sweet
86 Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. f. Ak Asclepiadaceae Shrub Perennial 2-3 m white or pinkish Throughout the
year
87 Cannabis sativa L. Pang, bhang Cannabinaceae Sub shrub Annual 0.2-6 m Greenish-white April-Oct
88 Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Chongaan Apocynaceae Herb Perennial 15-45 cm Whitish Sep
Hook. f.
89 Carissa opaca Stapf ex Haines Grinda Apocynaceae Shrub Perennial 3.5 meter White April-June
90 Carthamus oxyacantha M. Kantiari, pohli Asteraceae/ Sub shrub Annual 0.3-1 m Yellow May–Aug
Bieb. Compositae
91 Casia fistula Linn. Kinjal, Amaltas Caesalpinaceae Tree Perennial 20 m Yellow April-June
92 Cassia sophera --- Caesalpinaceae Shrub Perennial 1-3 m Yellow Nov-Jan
93 Cassytha filiformis L. Akash bail, amar bail Lauraceae Climber Perennial 1-20 m White May-Jul
94 Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G. Sada bahar Apocynaceae Sub shrub Perennial 30-60 cm Pink or white Throughout the
Don year.
95 Cedrela serrata Royle --- Meliaceae Tree Perennial 20 m Ceramic May-June
96 Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Willd. Drawa Meliaceae Tree Perennial 18-20 m Ceramic Mar-April
97 Celtis australis auct. non L.; Batkhar Ulmaceae Tree Perennial 15 m Pale green March-May
Brandis
98 Centella asiatica L. Barhami Apiaceae Herb Perennial 0.2 m white July-Aug
(Umbelliferae)
99 Centratherum anthelminticum Kalijiri Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 60 cm Pink Nov-Feb
(L.) Kuntze. Compositae
100 Cestrum nocturnum L. Rat ki rani Solanaceae Shrub Perennial 1-3 m Greenish -yellow March-May
101 Chenopodium album Linn. b-thawa Chenopodiaceae Herb Annual 0.1-1.5 m Green-white Jan-Sep
102 Chenopodium ambrosoides L. Bathoo Chenopodiaceae Herb Annual or 1.2 m Green April-Jan
perennial
103 Chenopodium murale L. Kurund Chenopodiaceae Herb Annual 70-90 cm Green Jan-July
104 Cichorium intybus Linn. Kasini Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 40-110 cm Blue May-Oct
Compositae
105 Cissampelos pareira Linn. Phalaan jarhi, Ghora Menispermaceae Climber Perennial 3-5 m Yellow July-Sep
sum (Herb)
106 Citrus sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck Mausami Malta Rutaceae Tree Perennial 10 m Whitish March-May
107 Clematis connata DC. Bhail Ranunculaceae Climber Perennial 5-7 m Whitish July-Aug
108 Clematis gouriana Roxb Bhail Ranunculaceae Climber Perennial 5-7 m Greenish-white Aug-Sep
109 Clematis grata Wall. chamaan Ranunculaceae Climber Perennial 3-5 m Creamy-white Aug-Sep
110 Colebrookea oppositifolia shakardana Lamiaceae/ Shrub Perennial 2.5 m Greenish white to Jan-April
Smith Labiateae mauve
111 Conyza canadensis (L.) Paleet Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 3-350 cm Whitish flower July-Sep
Cronquist Compositae

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112 Cordia obliqua Willd. Phytogr Lasura Boraginaceae Tree Perennial 3-5 m Not seen March-April
113 Coriaria nepalensis Wallich Balel Coriariaceae Shrub Perennial 1.5-2.5 m Greenish-yellow Feb-May
114 Cornus macrophylla Wall. Kandar Cornaceae Tree Perennial 12-15 m White April-June
115 Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. --- Brassicaceae/ Herb Annual or 15-30 cm White March-June
Cruciferae biennial
116 Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall. ex Luni Rosaceae Small tree Perennial 5m White June
Lindl.
117 Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. --- Asclepiadaceae Climber Perennial 7-10 m Pale yellow May-July
& Schult.
118 Cuscuta reflexa Roxburgh Bail Cuscutaceae Climber Perennial 20 m Ivory white Aug-Nov
119 Cynoglossum officinale L. --- Boraginaceae Herb Biennial/ 0.5 m reddish-purple Jun to Aug
Perennial
120 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex DC Taali, sheesham Papilionaceae Tree Perennial 30 m Yellowish white May-July
121 Daphne mucronata Royle Kutilal Thymelaeaceae Shrub Perennial 2.5 m White April-Sep
122 Datura stramonium L. Datura Solanaceae Sub shrub Annual 1.5 m White March-Sep
123 Debregeasia salicifolia D. Don Sandoori, chenjul Urticaceae Tall shrub Perennial 5-7m Red/orange March-June
124 Desmodium latifolium Roxb. Chamra Caesalpinaceae Under Perennial 60-120 cm Purple to pink July-Aug
DC. shrub
125 Dicliptera roxburghiana Nees --- Acanthaceae Herb Annual 90 cm Pink Nov-May
126 Diospyrus lotus L Amlok Ebenaceae Tree Perennial 2-10 m Pale green to May-June
reddish
127 Dodonaea viscosa (Linn.) Jacq., Sanatha Sapindaceae Shrub Perennial 5m greenish yellow May-June
Enum.
128 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Unt katara Asteraceae/ Sub shrub Annual 1m white Dec-Jan
Compositae
129 Eclipta prostrata L. Bhangra Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 0.6 m White August
Compositae
130 Ehretia laevis Roxb Sakkar Boraginaceae Tree Perennial 9m White Feb-April
131 Eruca Sativa Jamian Brassicaceae/ Herb Annual 10-80 cm Dirty white April-June
Cruciferae
132 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Gond Myrtaceae Tree Perennial 55 m White Dec-May
133 Euphorbia helioscopia L. Chhatri Dodak Euphorbiaceae Herb Annual 50 cm Yellowish green Jan - July
134 Euphorbia hirta L. Dudhi Euphorbiaceae Herb Annual 60 cm Bright green July-Dec.
135 Euphorbia neriifolia L. Thoar Euphorbiaceae Shrub Perennial 3-5 m Yellowish Jun-Sep.
136 Euphorbia prostrata Ait. Dodal Euphorbiaceae Herb Annual 30 cm Green Around the year
137 Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Lenthoar Euphorbiaceae Shrub Perennial 5-7 m Yellowish Hot weather
138 Ficus benghalensis L. Bohr Moraceae Tree Perennial 20-25 m Pinkish-red Around the year
139 Ficus carica L. Anjeer Moraceae Tree Perennial 5-9 m Not seen Feb-Mar
140 Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Ruber plant Moraceae Tree Perennial 30 m White March-April
Hornem.
141 Ficus glomerata Roxb. Rombal Moraceae Tree Perennial 10-20 m White March-May
142 Ficus johannis Boiss. Trekani Moraceae Shrub Perennial 3-4 m Not seen May-Aug
143 Ficus palmata Forssk. Phagwari Moraceae Shrub Perennial 10 m Not seen May-Nov
144 Ficus religiosa L. Peepal Moraceae Tree Perennial 20 m Green February
145 Flacourtia indica (Burman f.) kokoh Flacourtiaceae Tree Perennial 3-6 m White March-April
Merrill
146 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Sonf Apiaceae Herb Perennial 2m Yellow May–Jun
(Umbelliferae)
147 Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Papra Fumariaceae Herb Annual 5-40 cm Pale pinkish March-June
H.N. Pugsley
148 Geranium rotundifolium L. Choti rattanjot Geraniaceae Herb Annual 10-40 cm Purplish March-April
149 Glochidion velutinum Wight Gor kamila Euphorbiaceae Small tree Perennial 9m Yellow May-July
150 Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex Proteaceae Tree Perennial 10-25 m Orange yellow March-April
R.Br.
151 Grewia asiatica Linn Falsa Tiliaceae Tree Perennial 8m Orange-yellow March-Sep
152 Grewia optiva J. R. Drumm. ex Taman Tiliaceae Tree Perennial 15 m Yellowish-red June-July
Burret

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153 Gymnosporia royleana (Wall.) Patakhi Celastraceae Shrub Perennial 1-3 m Whitish Around the year
ex Lawson
154 Hiptage madablota Gaertn. --- Malpighiaceae Climber perennial 30 feet Creamish white March-April
155 Hypericum oblongifolium --- Hypericaceae/ Shrub Perennial 0.4-2 m Yellow March-Aug
Guttiferae
156 Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. Bhakhara Apocynaceae Shrub Perennial 10 m White Aug-Dec
T. Aiton
157 Indigofera gerardiana Wall. ex Kainthi Caesalpinaceae Shrub Perennial 1.8-2.5 m Pink May July
Baker.
158 Indigofera pulchella Roxb. Kainthi Caesalpinaceae Shrub Perennial 10-15 cm Pink March-May
159 Inula cappa Buch.-Ham. DC. Kuchi Asteraceae Shrub Perennial 1.8 m Yellow June-Aug
160 Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Akri Convolvulaceae Shrub Perennial 1-5m Pinkish Spring
161 Jasminum humile var humile f. Peeli chambeli Oleaceae Shrub Perennial 0.5-3 m Yellow Apr-Jul
pubigerum (D.Don) Grohmann
162 Jasminum officinale Linn. Chambeli Oleaceae Climber Perennial 0.4-5 m White May-July
163 Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Ait., Oleaceae Shrub Perennial 3m White Warm season
Hort.
164 Kalanchoe laciniata (Linn.) de Zakhm e hayat Crassulaceae Herb Perennial 20-100 cm Yellowish orange Mar
Candolle
165 Kydia calycina Roxb. --- Malvaceae Tree Perennial 20 m Brown Sep-Nov
166 Lagerstroemia indica Linn. --- Lythraceae Shrub Perennial 7m Purple Spring and
summer months
167 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt) Kamlai Anacardiaceae Small tree Perennial 10 m Green yellow March-Apr
Merrill
168 Lantana camara L. Panch phali Verbenaceae Shrub Perennial 1-4 m Orange or yellow Throughout the
year
169 Lantana indica Roxb. Ghaneri Verbenaceae Shrub Perennial 1-2.5 m Whitish, or pinkish July-Sep
170 Leucas capitata Desf. Goma booti Lamiaceae/Labiat Herb Annual 10-50 cm White July-Oct
eae
171 Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton Oleaceae Shrub or Perennial 25 m Creamish-white May-Jul
tree
172 Lonicera quinquelocularis Phut Caprifoliaceae Large Perennial 6m White April-July
Hardw. shrub
173 Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) kamila Euphorbiaceae Shrub Perennial 3-6 m Redish-brown Aug-Sep
Muell. Arg
174 Malva neglecta Wallr. Sonchal Malvaceae Herb Annual 0.6 m Light pink Mid-summer
175 Malva sylvestris Linn. Khabazi Malvaceae Herb Biennial 1.25 m Pink-purple Jun to Sep
176 Malvestrum coromendelianum Dhamni boti Malvaceae Sub shrub Annual or 1-1.5 m Yellow Mid-summer
(L.) Garcke biennial
177 Martynia annua L. --- Martyniaceae Herb Annual 1.5 m Blue or yellow Aug-Nov
178 Matricaria chamomilla L. --- Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 10-40 cm Yellow May-Jul
Compositae
179 Melia azedarach L. Daraik, bakain Meliaceae Tree Perennial 10 m lilac Mar-May
180 Melilotus indica (L.) All. Senji Papilionaceae Herb Annual 15-60 cm Yellow March-Aug
181 Mentha arvensis L. Podina Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 30-120 cm light purple July-Sep
Labiateae
182 Mentha longifolia L. Chita podna Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 30-120 cm light purple or white May-Nov
Labiateae
183 Mentha X piperita L. Podna Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 30-100 cm tinged purple and July
Labiateae white
184 Micromeria biflora (Buch.- Chai boti Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 30 cm Reddish Around the year
Ham. ex D. Don) Benth. Labiateae
185 Mimosa rubicaulis Lamarck. Shiah-kanta Mimosaceae Climber Perennial 6m Pinkish September
186 Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Gul-e-abbasi Nyctaginaceae Herb Perennial 1.5 m Reddish Sept.-Oct
187 Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. Kala meva Sapotaceae Small tree Perennial 1-3m Rusty April-May
DC.
188 Moringa Oleifera Lam. Sohanjna Moringaceae Tree Perennial 10-12m White Jan.-April

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189 Morus alba L. Chita toot Moraceae Tree Perennial 8-15 m Green April-Sep
190 Morus nigra L. Kala toot, she-toot Moraceae Tree Perennial 10 m tall Green March-July
191 Myrsine africana L. khokonr Myrsinaceae Shrub Perennial 1m Yellowish white March-May
192 Nasturtium officinale W. T. Tara meera Brassicaceae/ Herb Perennial 10-80 cm White April-July
Aiton Cruciferae
193 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Kanwal Nymphaeaceae Herb Perennial 1m Pinkish red or white Around the year
194 Nepeta cataria L. --- Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 40-150 cm White June-July
Labiateae
195 Nerium oleander L. Syn: N. Kundair Apocynaceae Shrub Perennial 6m Pink or dark red April-June
indicum Mill.
196 Nymphaea alba L. Kanwal Nymphaeaceae Herb Perennial 30-150 cm White-yellowish July-Aug
green
197 Ocimum basilicum L. Niaz-bo Lamiaceae/Labiat Herb Annual 20-80 cm Purplish white July-Dec
eae
198 Olea europaea L. Zaitoon Oleaceae Tree Perennial 7m Whitish April-May
199 Olea ferruginea Royle. Kaho Oleaceae Tree Perennial 10 m Whitish April-May
200 Olea glandulifera Wall. Barkao Oleaceae Tree Perennial 5-20 m Cream April-May
201 Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawler) --- Cactaceae Shrub Perennial 1-3 m Bright yellow Jun-Oct(-Dec)
Haworth
202 Opuntia monacantha Haw. Nagphana Cactaceae Shrub Perennial 1.3-4 m Yellow to orange Apr-Aug
203 Otostegia limbata (Benth.) Bombuli, chitta Lamiaceae/Labiat Shrub Perennial 40-60 cm Pale April-May
Boiss. kanda eae
204 Oxalis acetosella L. khatkurla Oxalidaceae Herb Perennial 4-18 cm White April-May
205 Oxalis corniculata L. Khatti buti Oxalidaceae Herb Annual or 50 cm Bright yellow March-June
Perennial
206 Parkinsonia aculeate L. Vilayeti kikar Caesalpinaceae Shrub Perennial 4 m yellow March-May
207 Parrotia jacquemontiana Pasher Hamamelidaceae Shrub Perennial 5m White or green March-May
Decne.
208 Parthenium hysterophorus L. --- Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 30-120 cm White Apr-Aug
Compositae
209 Periploca aphylla Dcne. Butra Periplocaceae shrub Perennial 1.8-3 m Greenish March-May
210 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene Makra Verbenaceae Herb Perennial 7-14 cm White Around the year
211 Phyllanthus emblica L. Amla Phyllanthaceae Tree Perennial 15-20 m Green March-May
212 Pinus roxburghii Sargent Cheer Pinaceae Tree Perennial 30 m --- ---
213 Pistacia integerrima J. L. kangur Anacardiaceae Tree Perennial 18 m reddish in lateral March-May
Stewart ex Brandis panicles
214 Pistia stratiotes L. --- Araceae Aquatic Perennial 50 cm Spath white Hot season
herb
215 Pisum sativum L. Mattar Papilionaceae Climber Annual 0.5-2 m White Feb-Sep
216 Platanus orientalis L. Chinar Platanaceae Tree Perennial 25 m Salmon April-May
217 Plectranthus rugosus Wall. ex --- Lamiaceae/ Shrub Perennial 30-160 cm White March-Oct
Benth. Labiateae
218 Plumbago zeylanica Chetra Plumbaginaceae Shrub Perennial 1-3m White July-Sep
219 Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle safeda Salicaceae Tree Perennial 20 m Green March-April
220 Porana paniculata Roxb. Safed bel Convolvulaceae Climber Perennial White Oct – Mar
221 Portulaca oleracea Linn. Khurfa , kolfa Portulacaceae Herb Annual or 25 cm White or purplish Around the year
Perennial
222 Prosopis juliflora Swartz Velayti kikar Mimosaceae Large Perennial 5m Greenish yellow March-June
shrub
223 Prunus armeniaca L. Hari Rosaceae Tree Perennial 9m White Feb-March
224 Prunus domestica L. Alucha Rosaceae Tree Perennial 9m White Feb-March
225 Punica granatum L. Daruna Punicaceae Shrub Perennial l.5-5 m Red or white April-July
226 Pyrus pashia Buchanan Batangi Rosaceae Tree Perennial 12 m White Feb-March
Hamilton ex D. Don
227 Quercus dilatata Royle Barungi Fagaceae Tree Perennial 20 m Greenish April-May
228 Quercus glauca Thunb Barin Fagaceae Tree Perennial 15 m Greenish March-April
229 Quercus ilex L. --- Fagaceae Small tree Perennial 2.5-8 m Yellow catkins April-May

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230 Quercus inccana Roxb. Rhin Fagaceae Tree Perennial 6-18 m Greenish -yellow April-May
231 Rhamnus purshiana DC. Kalamewa Rhamnaceae Large Perennial 4.5–10 m Greenish yellow Mid spring
shrub
232 Rhamnus triquetra Wall. Jalidar Rhamnaceae Tree Perennial 7m Greenish white July-Aug
233 Rhamnus virgatus Roxb. Sotapaja Rhamnaceae Shrub Perennial 2m yellow
234 Rhus cotinus L. Phanr Anacardiaceae Shrub Perennial 3-5m Yellowish-pink April-May.
235 Rhus javanica L. Titro Anacardiaceae Tree Perennial 12 m White Aug-Sep
236 Rhus succedanea L. Kakra singhi Anacardiaceae Small tree Perennial 10 m greenish- yellow Spring
237 Riccinus communis L. Arand Euphorbiaceae Shrub Perennial 5m Male flower: At most seasons
yellowish-green
238 Rosa moschata Herrm. Jhal Rosaceae Climber Perennial 10 m White June-July
239 Rubus ellipticus Smith. Akha Rosaceae Shrub Perennial 1–3 m Pink Mar–Apr
240 Rubus fruticosus Loureiro Garacha Rosaceae Shrubs Perennial 3m Pink May-Sep
241 Rumex dentatus L. Ola Polygonaceae Herb Annual 30-70 cm White May-Jun
242 Rumex hastatus D. Don Katmat, tehtur Polygonaceae Shrub Perennial 1m Pink Apr-May
243 Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C Gangeeri Rhamnaceae Shrub Perennial 3m Yellow Jul-Sep
244 Salix acmophylla Boiss. Bheens Salicaceae Large Perennial 70-130 cm Silver green Feb-April
shrub
245 Salvia moorcroftiana Wallich Kallijari Lamiaceae/ Herb Perennial 2.5 feet Pale lilac May-June
ex Bentham Labiateae
246 Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Rehtaa Sapindaceae Tree Perennial 20 m Greenish-yellow May-June
247 Sarcococca pruniformis Lindl. Ohela Euphorbiaceae Shrub Perennial 2m Yellow Sep-April
248 Senecio chrysanthemoides --- Asteraceae/ Herb Perennial 40-80 cm Yellow April
Candolle Compositae
249 Silybum marianum (L.)Gaertn. Kandiari Asteraceae/ Herb Biennial 1m Purple July-Sep
Compositae
250 Sinapis arvensis L. Jangli sarson Brassicaceae/ Herb Annual 20-60 cm Yellow April-June
Cruciferae
251 Sisymbrium irio L. Khubkalan,khakasi Brassicaceae/ Herb Annual 10-60 cm Yellow March-May
Cruciferae
252 Solanum erianthum D. Don Solanaceae Shrub Perennial 120-150 cm White Around the year
253 Solanum nigrum L. Kach mach Solanaceae Herb Annual 15-60 cm White May-Aug
254 Solanum pseudo-capsicum L. Solanaceae Shrub Perennial 90-120 cm White May-July
255 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Mohkree Solanaceae Herb Annual 15 cm Purple Around the year
256 Solidago canadensis L --- Asteraceae/ Herb Perennial 150 cm Golden yellow Aug-Sep
Compositae
257 Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill --- Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 20-50 cm Yellow May-Oct
Compositae
258 Strobilanthes alatus Nees --- Acanthaceae Shrub Perennial 1.2 m dark-blue June-Oct
259 Strobilanthes glutinosus Nees --- Acanthaceae Herb Perennial 1.5 m Pale blue Nov-March
in Wall.
260 Tamarindus indica L. Imli Caesalpinaceae Tree Perennial 10-15 m Pale yellow May -June.
261 Taraxacum officinale F.H. Hand Asteraceae/ Herb Perennial 15 cm Yellow Early Spring
Wigg. Compositae
262 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Gulo Menispermaceae Climber Perennial 4-10m Yellow or green Summer
Miers. ex Hook.f. and Thoms.
263 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Ajwain Apiaceae Herb Annual 25-140 cm White May–Aug
Sprague (Umbelliferae)
264 Trianthema portulacastrum L. It-sit Aizoaceae Herb Annual 35 cm pink or white Summer
265 Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Kali booti Boraginaceae Herb Annual 50cm lilac Around the year
Br.
266 Trifolium repens L. shatal Papilionaceae Herb Perennial 10-30 cm White or pinkish April-July
267 Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Methi Papilionaceae Herb Annual 10-50 cm Yellowish white April
268 Urtica dioica L. Bichu booti Urticaceae Herb Perennial 50-150 cm Pale-greenish, or May-Sep
whitish
269 Verbascum thapsus L. --- Scrophulariaceae Herb Biennial 1.5 m Yellow March-Oct
270 Verbena officinalis L. --- Verbenaceae Herb Annual or 25-100 cm Pale pink or June-Dec.

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perennial purplish
271 Viburnum cotinifolium D.Don. Taliana Caprifoliaceae Shrub Perennial 3m yellow-whitish or March-May
gray-whitish
272 Viburnum grandiflorum Wall. Ghuch Caprifoliaceae Shrub Perennial 2-3 m Pinkish whitish Nov-June
Ex DC.
273 Viola odorata L. Ba-nafsha Violaceae Herb Annual to 3-15 cm Violet March-July
perennial
274 Vitex negundo L. Somali, marvand Verbenaceae Shrub Perennial 1-2 m blue or violet Around the year
275 Vitis vinifera L. Dakh Vitaceae Climber Perennial Greenish May –July
276 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Asghand Solanaceae Herb Perennial 60-90 cm Yellowish green Around the year
in DC.
277 Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Taawi, dhawi Lythraceae Shrub Perennial 2.5 m Red-orange March-April
S.Kurz.
278 Xanthium strumarium L. Chota dhatura Asteraceae/ Herb Annual 20-120 cm White Jul-Aug
Compositae
279 Xylosma longifolium Clos. Batti Flacourtiaceae Tree Perennial 14 m Yellowish Winter
280 Zanthoxylum armatum DC Timber Rutaceae Shrub, Perennial 5m Pale red March-April
281 Ziziphus nummularia Burm. Jahri ber Rhamnaceae Shrub Perennial 5m Yellow March-June
Syn: Rhammus nummularia
Burn.
282 Ziziphus oxyphylla Edgew. Pithni Rhamnaceae Tree or Perennial 1.5-2 m Yellow June-Sep
shrub
283 Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Sao Bair Rhamnaceae Tree or Perennial 10 m Yellow-green June-July
shrub

Enumeration of floristic diversity of Khanpur valley Fagaceae, Liliaceae & Meliaceae 4 each, Aceraceae,
Fungi shares 0.35%, algae 1.06%, bryophytes 1.06%, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Caprifoliaceae,
pteridophytes 1.06%, gymnosperms 0.70% and Chenopodiaceae & Ranunculaceae 3 each,
angiosperms 95.75% (monocots 13.42% and dicots Asclepiadaceae, Cactaceae, Convolvulaceae,
82.33%) of total explored flora of Khanpur Valley. Flacourtiaceae, Fumariaceae, Lythraceae,
Menispermaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae,
There are 120 herbs, 80 shrubs, 64 trees and 19
Nymphaeaceae, Oxalidaceae, Polygonaceae,
climbers species as shown in Figure 3. Of the total
Rutaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, Scrophulariaceae,
plant species there are 65 (22.96%) annuals, 5
Tiliaceae, Urticaceae & Zygophyllaceae 2 each,
(1.76%) biennials, and 213 (75.26%) perennials plants
Aizoaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryrillidaceae, Araceae,
as shown in Figure 4.
Araliaceae, Arecaceae/Palmaceae, Asparagaceae,

Families share of flora of Khanpur valley Berberidaceae, Bombacaceae, Buxaceae,

Family Poaceae/Gramineae was the largest family Cannabinaceae, Celastraceae, Coriariaceae,

with 24 species, followed by Asteraceae/Compositae Cornaceae, Crassulaceae, Cupressaceae, Cuscutaceae,

with 18 species, Lamiaceae/Labiatae 12 species, Cyperaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Ebenaceae, Funariaceae,

Moraceae & Euphorbiaceae 10 each, Caesalpinaceae Geraniaceae, Hamamelidaceae,

9, Mimosaceae 8, Oleaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae & Hypericaceae/Guttiferae, Juglanceae, Lauraceae,

Solanaceae 7 each, Acanthaceae, Brassicaceae & Malpighiaceae, Marchantiaceae, Martyniaceae,

Papilionaceae 6 each, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Morchellaceae, Moringaceae, Myrsinaceae, Pelliaceae,

Malvaceae & Verbenaceae 5 each, Boraginaceae, Periplocaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Pinaceae, Platanaceae,

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Plumbaginaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Description of families

Proteaceae, Pteridaceae, Punicaceae, Sapotaceae, Fungi is represented by 1 family, algae & bryophytes 3
Simaroubaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Tiliaceae, families each, pteridophytes 1 family, gymnosperms 2

Typhaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae & Vitaceae with 1 families and angiosperms represented by 89 families

species each as shown in Figure 5. (monocots represented by 11 families and dicots 78

families).

Fig. 1. Introduction to Khanpur valley.

Fig. 2. Floristic diversity of Khanpur valley.

68 | Siddique et al.

Species to family analysis
Results showed that number of species against
respective family is much lower as there are only 283
species reported against 101 families. This reflects
that there is not only rapid declination of flora due to
Fig. 3. Habit of flora of Khanpur valley.
Fig. 4. Life span of flora of Khanpur valley.
Flora of Khanpur valley as resource
Study indicates that flora of Khanpur valley serve as a
great resource to the local people. People of Khanpur
valley rely on local flora for their various daily needs
like timber wood, fuel wood, fodder, wild fruits &
vegetables, construction, ethnomedicines,
ethnoveterinary medicines and agricultural tools etc.
69 | Siddique et al.
J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016
anthropogenic activities but also there is much
floristic diversity in Khanpur valley. Furthermore,
comprehensive floristic research studies are required
for complete exploration of further plant species of
the Khanpur area.
Comparative analysis with published literature
Total 283 plant species are reported from Khanpur
valley. Similar studies were also conducted in other
areas of Pakistan. Qureshi et al., (2011) reported 130
plant species belonging to 37 families from Pir Mehr
Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University research farm at
 J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016

Koont and its surrounding areas. Fazal et al., (2010) families from Margallah Hills National Park,
reported 211 plant species belonging to 66 families Islamabad, Pakistan. Shah & Khan, (2006) identified
from Haripur District (KP), Pakistan. Jabeen et al., 80 plant species belonging to 49 families from Siran
(2009) explored 245 plant species belonging to 77 Valley Mansehra, Pakistan.

Fig. 5. Families share (%) in total flora of Khanpur valley.

Fig. 6. Threats to the flora of Khanpur valley.

Threats to the flora of Khanpur valley These anthropogenic activities have degraded the
Flora of Khanpur Valley is under severe important plant resources have Khanpur valley.
pressure/threat due to deforestation, over grazing,
over exploitation and subsequent fires as shown in
Figure 6.

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 J. Bio. Env. Sci. 2016

Conclusions Funk V, Hollowell T, Berry P, Kelloff C,

Khanpur Valley is enriched with enormous flora. The Alexander SN. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the
exploration of 101 families, for only 283 species, Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta
indicates that there is much diversity of flora in Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana).
Khanpur Valley. Hence more floristic explorations are Contributions from the United States National
required in future. Beside this, flora of Khanpur Herbarium 55, 1- 84.
Valley is under severe pressure due to increase
number of anthropogenic activities like fire factor, Haq F, Ahmad H, Ullah R, Iqbal Z. 2012. Species
unsustainable cutting of forests, grazing by nomads, Diversity and Ethno Botanical Classes of the Flora of
agricultural practices, mining activities, over Allai Valley District Battagram Pakistan.
exploitation for fuel wood, fodder collection and other International Journal of Plant Research 2(4), 111-
needs. This is the reason that number of species per 123.
family are decreasing day by day. Hence the
combined conservation efforts are also required to Hussain K, Shahazad A, Husnain SZ. 2008. An

save this important biological resource. Ethnobotanical Survey of Important Wild Medicinal
Plants of Hattar District Haripur, Pakistan.

Acknowledgement Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12, 29-35.

I always highly acknowledged the inexpressible

cooperation and prayers of my parents, teachers, Hussain T, Ch MI. 2009. A Floristic Description of

friends and well-wishers. Flora and Ethnobotany of Samahni Valley (A.K.),

Pakistan. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13, 873-99.

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