ST.

PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE

P.O. Box 12
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
_____________________________________________________

ADVANCED STATISTICS
ED 302

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Master’s
Degree of Science in Nursing

Submitted to:
MR. CLIFORD KILAT, RN, MAN

Submitted by:
ARNOLD CUIZON
KEN LLOYD KINILITAN
MA.THERESA MURILLO
One-Way ANOVA
Let's perform a one-way ANOVA: Researchers want to test a new anti-anxiety medication. They
split participants into three conditions (0mg, 50mg, and 100mg), then ask them to rate their
anxiety level on a scale of 1-10. Are there any differences between the three conditions using
alpha = 0.05?

Figure 1.

Let's begin.
1. Define Null and Alternative Hypotheses

Ho; µ0mg = µ50mg = µ100mg

H1; not all µ’s are equal

2. State Alpha
Alpha = 0.05
3. Calculate Degrees of Freedom
Now we calculate the degrees of freedom using N = 21, n = 7, and a = 3. You should already
recognize

Figure 3.

4. State Decision Rule

To look up the critical value, we need to use two different degrees of freedom.
 Figure 4.

To calculate the test statistic, we first need to find three values:

Figure 5.
 Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

All the values we've found so far can be organized in an ANOVA table:

Figure 9.

Now we find each MS by diving each SS by their respective df:

Figure 10.

And finally, we can calculate our F:

Figure 11.
 Figure 12.

6. State Results
F = 86

Factorial ANOVA, Two Mixed Factors

The Factorial ANOVA (with two mixed factors) is kind of like combination of a One-Way ANOVA
and a Repeated-Measures ANOVA.
Here's an example of a Factorial
ANOVA question:
Researchers want to see if high
school students and college students
have different levels of anxiety as
they progress through the semester.
They measure the anxiety of 12
participants three times: Week 1,
Week 2, and Week 3. Participants
are either high school students, or
college students. Anxiety is rated on
Figure 1. a scale of 1-10, with 10 being “high
anxiety” and 1 being “low anxiety”.
Use alpha = 0.05 to conduct your analysis.
This is a Mixed ANOVA because "school" is independent while "week" is dependent.
Let's try a full example:
1. Define Null and Alternative Hypotheses
Here, we have three. One for each main effect, and one for the interaction.

Figure 2.

2. State Alpha
alpha = 0.05
3. Calculate Degrees of Freedom
Before we start calculating our degrees of freedom, let's look at our source table:

Figure 3.

Here we have 6 SS. 3 are associated with each of our effects. There are also two separate error
terms: one for effects that only contain variables that are independent, and one for effects that
contain variables that are dependent. And finally, we have SS total. We will need to find all of
these things to calculate our three F statistics.
Degrees of freedom are calculated as follows. "a" is the number of a groups you have, "b" is the
number of b groups you have, "n" (sometimes called "s") is the total number of scores in each
cell, and "N" is your total number of scores.

Figure 4.

4. State Decision Rule

We have three hypotheses, so we have three decision rules. Critical values are found using the
effect and error degrees of freedom for our three effects:

Figure 5.

We now head to the F-table and look up our critical values using alpha = 0.05. In the table, we
find the critical values shown below:
 Figure 6.

These critical values bring us to our three decision rules:

 [School] If F is greater than 4.35, reject the null hypothesis.

 [Week] If F is greater than 3.49, reject the null hypothesis.
 [Interaction]

5. Calculate Test Statistic

First, we'll put the degrees of freedom that we've already calculated into our source table:

Figure 7.

Next, we need to find the six SS values we are missing:

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.
Figure 11.

Figure 12.

These SS values are then placed into our source table.

 Figure 13.

Now, we calculate one of our error terms.

Figure 14.

We then place all of our values into the source table. We find the last missing value, B x S/A, by
subtracting every value we've found so far from the total.
 Figure 15.

Each MS value is found by dividing each SS by their respective degrees of freedom:

Figure 16.

Finally, our three F values are found:

Figure 17.

6. State Results
 [School] If F is greater than 4.35, reject the null hypothesis.
Our F = 12.5. Reject the null hypothesis.
 [Week] If F is greater than 3.49, reject the null hypothesis.
Our F = 121.65. Reject the null hypothesis.
 [Interaction] If F is greater than 3.49, reject the null hypothesis.
Our F = 11.92. Reject the null hypothesis.

7. State Conclusion
High school students and college students had significantly different anxiety levels, F(1, 10) =
12.5, p < 0.05. There was a significant difference between the three different weeks, F(2, 20) =
121.65, p < 0.05. An interaction effect was also present, F(2, 20) = 11.92, p < 0.05.