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Admixture is one of the ingredient of concrete mix.The reason for the large growth in the
use of admixtures is that they are capable of importing considerable physical and
economical benefits with respect to concrete.
Admixtures have been designed to improve concrete construction, not as a simple solution
for poor mix design or sloppy concrete practice.
It should be stressed that,while properly used admixtures are beneficial to concrete,they are
no remedy for poor quality mix ingredients,for use of incorrect mix proportions,or for poor
workmanship in transporting,placing and compaction.
Admixtures
3. Ensure reliable procedures are established for accurate batching of the admixture.
Chemical Admixtures
Air-Entraining Admixtures
Increases the amount of air that is incorporated into concrete during mixing. Primarily used
to provide freeze-thaw resistance.
Water reducing admixtures lower the water required to attain a given slump (i.e. reduces
water demand of the concrete).
1. Achieve desired slump with less water but same cement content (lower W/C ratio - improved
strength, permeability and durability).
2. Achieve desired slump with same W/C by reducing water and cement (economic reasons, lower
heat production).
3. Increase slump without changing water and cement contents (improves workability, eases
placement)
An admixture can be classified as water-reducing if it reduces water requirements by at least
5%.
Flowing Concrete - concretes with very high slumps are useful in difficult placements
(congested rebar), placements where proper vibration is not feasible (underwater), or to
improve ease of placement (pumping, self-leveling). WRA is added after initial mixing to
bring the slump up to the desired level. Overdosing can lead to segregation but this can be
corrected by continuing mixing until concrete stiffens enough to regain cohesive
properties.
Bleeding & Air Entrainment – though WRAs improve workability, they may not
improve cohesiveness. Overdosing can cause excessive bleeding and segregation.
Set Retardation - Many regular (and some mid range) WRAs will also act as set retarding
admixtures.
Demerits
Often increase the rate and total amount of drying shrinkage. Creep can also be affected by WRAs,
in either direction.
Set-Retarding Admixtures
Set-retarding admixtures delay the time required for a given concrete to begin hardening.
Can be used to offset the effects of high temperatures that decrease setting times.
Can help avoid complications due to unavoidable delays between mixing and placing.
Can be used to resist cracking due to form deflection when horizontal slabs are placed in
sections.
Set-Accelerating Admixtures
Mineral Admixtures
Supplementary Cementing Materials(Fly ash F, Silica fume, Fly ash C,Limestone powder,
silica flour)
Finely ground solid materials added to the concrete, either as a separate ingredient or
blended with the cement.
Heat of Hydration
Mineral admixtures reduce the overall heat of hydration.Also reduces the rate of heat
liberation, which controls temperature rise.
Workability
Fly ash and silica fume lead to an increase in workability.
The spherical nature of the particles make them act as small ball bearings, reducing
interparticle friction.
Silica fume is more effective due to its ability to pack between the cement grains and act as
a very effective lubricant.
Silica fume requires a water reducer to overcome higher water demand.
Air Entrainment
Concretes containing mineral admixtures must be air entrained for frost resistance
Strength Development
Concretes containing mineral admixtures will develop superior strength than similar
concretes without them … over time. The extent to which early strength is lowered depends
upon the reactivity of the mineral admixture.