DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

UNIT- I
Recall of statements and logical connectives, tautologies and contradictions, logical equivalence.

UNIT– II
Boolean algebra and its properties, algebra of propositions as an example, De Morgan's Laws,
partial order relations g.l.b, l.u.b., Algebra of electric circuits and its applications.

UNIT - III
Boolean functions -disjunctive and conjunctive normal forms. Boolean's expansion theorem,
fundamental forms. Many terminal Networks.

UNIT– IV
Arbitrary Cartesian product of sets. Equivalence relations, partition of sets, injective, surjective,
bijective maps, binary operations, countable, uncountable sets.

UNIT –V
Basic Concept of Graph Theory, Sub graphs, Trees and their properties, Binary Trees, Spanning
Trees, Directed Trees, Planar graphs, Euler Circuit, Hamiltonian Graph. Chromatic number.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Discrete Mathemeatics: H.K.Pathak
2. Discrete Mathematics : B.R.Thakur

REFERNCE BOOKS:
1 Graph theory and its applications: Narsingh Dev.
2 Discrete Maths : C.L.Liu
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

UNIT –I
Introduction to differential equation: Definition, order and degree of differential equation,
derivation of a differential equation, general and particular solution of differential equation,
solution of differential equation by separation of variables.

UNIT-II
Differential equation of first order and first degree: Homogenous differential equation, linear
differential equation, Bernoulli’s equation, exact differential equation, integrating functions

UNIT-III
Differential Equation of first order but of higher degree: Singular solution, Equation solvable for
p, x, y, one variable missing, homogeneous equation in x and y, Clairaut’s Equation.

UNIT- IV
Geometrical meaning of differential equation: Definition, Trajectories, orthogonal trajectories,
self orthogonal family.

UNIT-V
Linear Differential equation with constant coefficient: Definition, Auxiliary equations, Particular
Integrals, Short method of finding particular integrals in special cases, homogenous linear
differential equation.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Differential Equations and Fourier Series: H.K. Pathak

REFERENCE:
1. Introductory course in differential equations : D. A. Murray
2. Differential equations(Awkl Sameekaran) : B.P. Parashar & L.P. Rajpal
 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

UNIT – I
Solution of Polynomial and Transcendental Algebraic Equations: Bisection method, Regula
falsi method & Newton’s method, Solution of Cubic & Biquadratic Equation.

UNIT – II
Simultaneous Equations And Matrix: Gauss-Jordan method, Cholesky’s method, Reduction to
lower or upper Triangular forms, Inversion of matrix, method of partitioning.

UNIT – III
Interpolation - Single Variable Functions: Newton’s Interpolation formula, Newton's Forward
and Backward Difference Interpolation Formula, Langranges Interpolation formula, Newton's
Divided Difference Interpolation Formula.

UNIT – IV
Numerical Differentiation And Integration: Newton - cotes integration formula, Trapezoidal
Rule, Simpson’s One-Third and Three-Eight Rule, Waddle's Rule.

UNIT – V
Numericals Solution of Ordinary Differential and Integral Equation: Euler’s, Picard's and
Taylor's series Methods, Picard's Methods for successive approximations, Runga-Kutta Method.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Numerical Analysis: H.K. Pathak
2. Numerical Methods: Gupta & Mallik

REFERNCE BOOKS:
1. Introductory Method of Numerical Analysis: B.S. Grewal
2. Numerical methods for Science and Engineering: Jain M.K
3. calculations (John Willey & Sons): Iyengar S.R.K
 CALCULUS

Differentiation
UNIT – I
Limit, continuity and differentiability of functions of one variable.

UNIT – II
Differentiation of functions, differentiation of function of function, function in product and
quotient form, parametric and logarithmic differentiation.

UNIT – III
Tangent & Normal, subtangent, subnormal. Monotonic increasing and decreasing function,
simple examples of maxima and minima.

Integration
UNIT – IV
Integration of rational, irrational functions, integration of transcendental and hyperbolic function.

UNIT - V
Definite Integral and its properties.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Calculus and Statistical Methods: H.K. Pathak.
2. Differentiation and Integeration: H.K. Pathak

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Differential Calculus: Gorakh Prasad

2. Integral Calculus : Gorakh Prasad
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

UNIT- I
Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. ( n!) .
Permutations and combinations, derivation of formulae and their connections, simple
applications.

UNIT – II

Probability: Sample space, Types of events (mutually exclusive, equally, likely event, favorable
events, dependent and independent events), composition of events, additive and multiplicative
law of probability, conditional probability, inverse probability, Baye’s Theorem.

UNIT – III

Frequency distribution: Frequency distribution and measures of dispersions( mean deviation,

standard deviation, quartile deviation)

UNIT – IV

Binomial(renovsky formula), Poisson(application of poission distribution) and Normal

distribution.

UNIT –V

Curve fitting and Principle of least square, Correlation and Regressions lines.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Calculus & Statistical Analysis: H.K. Pathak
2. Descrete Mathematics : H.K. Pathak

REFERENCE BOOK
1. Statistics: Rey & Sharma
2. Statistical Analysis: S.M. Shukla
 TRIGNOMETRY AND CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

UNIT –I
Trignometrical ratios, simple formula, compound angles, trigonometric ratios of multiple and
multiple angles, properties of triangle, height and distance.

UNIT-II
Inverse Trigonometric Function, Solution of Trigonometric Equations, Expansion of
trigonometrical function.

UNIT-III
Direct & inverse hyperbolic function, logarithm of complex quantities.

Geometry
UNIT- IV
Rectangular Cartesian coordinate, equations of line, midpoint, intersection etc., equation of
circle, distance formula.

UNIT-V
Pair of straight line, Centre, foci, length of major axis, length of minor axis, equation of major
axis, equation of minor axis, equation of directrix, length and equation of letus rectum,
eccentricity of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.

TEXTBOOK:
1. Vector Calculus & Geometry: H.K.Pathak
2. Trigonometry & Algebra: H.K.Pathak

REFERENCE:
1. Trigonometry : S.L. Loney
2. Vector Calculus & Geometry: B. R. Thakur.