fChapter 1 Quiz

● Outputs that influence the function of a system is the definition of feedback

● According to the scientific method, once you have formulated a hypothesis, the next step
is to test your hypothesis through experimentation by making predictions that you can
test. TRUE
● The Earth’s general shape could be best described as a(n) oblate spheroid
● What type of system equilibrium is characterized by the obtainment of a new equilibrium
following the passing of a threshold? Metastable equilibrium
● What would be the best example of a meridian? 175 Degrees W
● What type of system receives inputs of matter and energy from without side the system?
Open system
● The Earth’s diameter is greatest… across its equatorial plane
● Calculating the time at a location in a different time zone situation to the East of your
present location would require that you… add one hour for each time zone between the
two locations
● This line of location corresponds to significant variations in solar energy. Latitude
● Active remote sensing differs from passive remote sensing because it uses
energy that it emits, while passive remote sensing only collects reflected and
emitted energy from the objects it is detecting.
● Distortions of all types are minimized or eliminated completely at standard points
or standard lines on all types of map projections.True
● The Earth emits only shortwave energy - False
● Select the choice that puts the different types of electromagnetic energy in order
from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength - Gamma rays, UV, visible,
infrared, microwave.altitude
● The angle between the Sun and the horizon at solar noon is called - the solar
altitude angle or sun’s angle
● GIS is best described as a computer program that allows spatial data processing,
manipulation, and analysis.
● Geography as a discipline is limited to the study of the physical environment and
its processes and does not include the human and cultural sciences. False
● The thin veil of gases surrounding the Earth is the definition of the Atmosphere
● Latitude can vary between zero degrees and Ninety Degrees
● Flat maps experience distortion of distances, directions, areas, shapes and/or
proximity. True
● A small circle : splits the globe into unequal sections
● With respect to matter, the earth can essentially be a closed ecosystem
● The upper portion of the Earth's surface and at times the entire solid planet is the
definition of the lithosphere
Chapter 2 Quiz

● The tropic of Capricorn is located at… 23.5 degrees S.

● True or false, the receipt of insolation by the Earth is a principle driving force of
most of the Earth processes covered by the textbook and addressed during this
class. TRUE
● The Tropic of Cancer is located at 23.5 degrees N.
● The principle force used to explain the formation of the solar system and the orbits of the
planet is… gravity
● The angle between the Sun and the horizon at solar noon is called… the solar altitude
angle or sun’s angle
● The theory on how the Solar System formed is called the Planetisimal hypothesis
● The distance between corresponding points on any two successive waves is the
definition of… wavelength
● What is the solar declination on December 21? 23.5 degrees S.
● The fact that the Earth’s tilt maintains the same alignment, relative to the plane of the
ecliptic, throughout its orbit allows each hemisphere to experience both a winter and a
summer season. TRUE
● Besides radiant energy, the Sun also unleashes waves of charged particles that spread
throughout the solar system. TRUE
● The Earth’s energy budget is balanced for the world as a whole. TRUE
● The distance from the Earth to the Sun is the principal factor explaining the variation of
the seasons. FALSE
● Incident solar radiation is the definition of insolation.
● Very strong solar winds can disrupt communications equipment on Earth, including
radio, television and GPS transmissions. TRUE
● The Sun emits only longwave energy. FALSE
● As a result of the Clean Air Act, the US has overall emitted less pollution over the last
forty years than it did in 1970, despite that fact that our population and economy have
grown substantially. - True
● The amount of lead released into the environment by the US has increased during the
last few decades as a result of the growth in our economy. - False
● The outer layer of the atmosphere where the gases are sorted into distinct layers by
gravity is called the - heterosphere
● The top of the atmosphere forms a clean edge with the vaccum of space - False
● The layer of the atmosphere that filters out most of the shortwave energy up to and
including some UV radiation is the - ionosphere
● What is the solar declination on June 21? 23.5 degrees N
● The greatest percentage of the Sun's energy is released at what type of energy?
Visible
● All warm objects emit energy. True
● The Sun generates its energy through a process called Nuclear Fusion
 ● Select the choice that puts the different types of electromagnetic energy in order
from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength. Gamma rays, UV, visible,
infrared, microwave
● The point in the Earth's orbit where it is the farthest from the Sun is called the
aphelion.
● Light has no speed as it is instantaneous FALSE

Chapter 3 Quiz

● The layer of the atmosphere as defined by the temperature criterion where ozone
concentrates is the… stratosphere
● The amount of lead released into the environment by the U.S. has increased during the
last few decades as a result of the growth in our economy. FALSE
● Decreased emissions of lead into the environment over the last several decades has
had a measurable impact on human health. TRUE
● Automobiles contribute significantly to all of the following types of pollutants except...
Sulfur oxides
● The inner layer of the atmosphere that has a nearly uniform mixture of gases is called
the… homosphere
● A product of all the air molecules, their motion, size and number. Air pressure
● As a result of the Clean Air Act, the U.S. has overall emitted less pollution over
the last forty years than it did in 1970, despite that fact that our population and
economy have grown substantially. TRUE
● The layer of the atmosphere that filters out most of the shortwave energy up to
and including some UV radiation is the ionosphere
● Despite the fact that carbon dioxide is a major constituent of the Earth's modern
atmosphere and poses no direct threat to human health, in 2009, the EPA
declared that this greenhouse gas posed a threat to human health. TRUE
● Parts of the atmosphere are identified primarily by their composition,
temperature, function.
● Which statement most accurately characterizes the Clean Air Act? Its benefits far
outweigh the cost
● A temperature inversion occurs when warm air gets above cold air.
● The layer of the atmosphere that is home of the biosphere, supporting most life is
the troposphere.
● The top of the atmosphere forms a clean edge with the vacuum of space. False
● The outermost layer of the atmosphere is defined by temperature criterion is the
thermosphere
● The major difference between industrial sources of pollution and other sources is
it produces most of the particulate matter
 ● Ozone is both harmful gases if inhaled as well as a helpful gases if located high
in the atmosphere as it filters out UV radiation TRUE
● Which is the most plentiful gas in the modern homosphere? Nitrogen
● Winds do not have a major effect on pollutants as they typically cannot spread
them far from their source. FALSE
● Select the statement that is not correct concerning our modern atmosphere:
The edge of the atmosphere is located 50 miles from the surface of the Earth.

Chapter 4 Quiz

● Which material is the best example of a surface or surfaces with a high albedo? Snow
● Energy leaving the Earth is… includes both reflected shortwave and emitted long wave
energy
● Category 1 on the heat index is the lowest level of alert, meaning the danger of
heat/sunstroke is low. FALSE
● Insolation from the sun arrives as what type of radiation? Shortwave radiation
● The energy that flows into and out of a physical surface such as the ground is called...
ground heating
● Why is the sky blue (one of the great questions of humanity)?The scattering of light by
small molecules gives the sky is blue color.
● The passage of shortwave or longwave energy through the atmosphere or water is the
definition of TRANSMISSION
● All PV solar cells us mirrors to concentrate the Sun's energy. FALSE
● North America has no discernable continentality effect due to its modest size. FALSE
● Which substance has the lower specific heat? Land
● The heat-index relates the impact of humidity to the ability of the human body to
cool itself True
● A measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules of matter is the
definition of which word? Temperature
● This is the only temperature scale covered in class that is not based on the
phase changes of water. Kelvin
● Select the correct relationship between latitude and insolation. As latitude
increases, insolation decreases
● The best example of continentality is Central Asia
● The warming of the interior of a sidewalk throughout the day even though only
the surface is exposed to sunlight is an example of which heat transfer
mechanism?
● son that insolation at the Earth's surface peaks at the Topics of Cancer and
Capricorn and not the Equator is that clouds reduce the amount of insolation that
reaches the equator
● Earth's energy budget is balanced at every location on the Earth's surface. False
 ● Rayleigh scattering refers to the principle that smaller molecules or particles
scatter shorter wavelengths of light. True
● Energy stored in water vapor during the process of evaporation is called Latent
heat
● The enhanced rate at which the human body loses heat to the air is called the
wild-chill index
● Which statement best describes the general role of clouds with respect to
shortwave and longwave radiation? Clouds reflect shortwave energy and trap
long wave energy
● Which temperature accurately demonstrates absolute zero? 0 degrees K
● As a result of land and water heating differences, the continents tend to heat up
more than the adjacent ocean bodies, causing the isotherms to bend upward
toward the higher latitudes in each hemisphere. True
● All of the following are principal temperature controls for the Earth except
Longitude
● Water boils at 100 degrees according to this temperature scale. Celsius
● Gravity drained local winds off of an elevated plateau or highland is referred to
as. Katabatic winds
● All of the following statements are true concerning the greenhouse effect of the
Earth's atmosphere except It will result in the Earth getting increasingly hot over
time until the temperature of the planet will become so extreme that life will no
longer survive.
● The emission of energy into the atmosphere off of a warm surface is an example
of which heat transfer mechanism? Radiation
● The Earth's albedo is constant throughout the year as both hemispheres
experience a summer and winter season. False
● The specific heat of water is higher than that of land.

Chapter 5 Quiz
● What is the name for the belt of atmospheric pressure generated by the constant
insolation of the Sun that is centered over the equator? Intertropical convergence zone
(ITCZ)
● Which force is described as the force that drives air from areas of higher barometric
pressure to areas of lower barometric pressure thereby causing winds? Pressure
gradient force
● Air pressure is measured using what type of device? Barometer
● High pressure rotates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. FALSE
● Which level of atmospheric circulation refers to the migration of low and high pressure
systems associated with regional weather systems? Secondary Circulation
● The circular flow of water within ocean basins is driven by the high pressure systems
that dominate over these regions. TRUE
 ● What global wind belt dominates over North America, explaining the predominant
direction of storms as they cross the country from the West to the East?
Westerlies
● Record high pressures recorded on Earth are associated with powerful tropical
cyclones or hurricanes. False
● The product of the motion, size, and number of air molecules is the definition of?
Air pressure
● What is the name for the belt of atmospheric pressure that occurs both North and
South of the ITCZ? Subtropical High
● What is the name for the global wind belt that occurs between the ITCZ and the
subtropical high in the Northern Hemisphere? Northeast Trade Winds
● Which level of atmospheric circulation refers to the global pressure belts and
wind circulation patterns? Primary Circulation
● Winds move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. True
● The term anti-cyclone refers to areas of high pressure. True
● Air pressure was first measured using what type of fluid? Mercury
● Land-sea breezes would be considered what level of atmospheric circulation?
Tertiary
● High pressure rotates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. TRUE
● Hurricane Katrina achieved what level during its build-up. Category 5
● Gravity drained local winds off of an elevated plateau or highland is referred to as
Katabatic winds
● Protrusions of cool air, sometimes described as undulations along the polar front,
are referred to as Rossby waves.
● An anemometer measures what? Wind
● High pressure has all the following characteristics except rotates clockwise in the
Southern Hemisphere.

Test #1
● Low pressure has all of the following characteristics except is diverging air
● According to the scientific method, what step follows observations and measurements?
Inductive reasoning
● Which force is described as drag on wind that occurs as the winds move across
the surface of the Earth? Frictional force
● Energy transferred in a horizontal motion of mixing is referred to as advection
● A form of energy that flows from one system or object to another is the definition
of which word? Heat
● The principal force used to explain the formation of the solar system and the
orbits of the planets is gravity
● Parallel lines that measure angular distance North and South of the equator are
lines of latitude
● What type of system equilibrium is characterized by a changing trend in system
operation over time? Dynamic equilibrium
● What qualities best describe a small scale map? Covers a large area
● The field of geography is best described as possessing all of the following
principal characteristics except based on a specific body of knowledge
● According to the scientific method, what step follows observations and
measurements inductive reasoning
● Sunspots magnetic storms
● Auroral lights usually are restricted to the polar regions of the globe because
there are gaps in the magnetosphere above the poles
● The Earth is protected from the Sun's solar winds due to the magnetosphere
which repels charged particles
● This instrument measure temperature by sensing changing electrical resistance
across a semiconducting material thermistor
● Which statement best describes the influence of cloud cover on global
temperatures clouds decrease daytime temperatures and act as an insulator of
nighttime
● The back and forth transfer of energy between a surface and the atmosphere is
the definition of sensible heat
● Hurricane Katrina achieved what level during its build up category 5
● Where the water is swept away from a coast by dominant currents downwelling
of ocean water will occur false
● A great circle is the shortest distance between points on a globe
● Systems are best described as interrelated sets of things and their attributes
linked by flows of energy and what? Matter
● Feedback that discourages change in the system or serves to stabilize and
regulate the systems is the definition of Negative Feedback
● The Sun emits only longwave energy. False
● What is the most likely subsolar point on September 22? 0 Degrees
● Oxygen is the second most plentiful gas in the atmosphere. True
● The human body can withstand significant changes in internal temperature. False
● The general principle is that the hotter the surface is, the shorter the wavelengths
of light that are emitted. True
● Maritime locations typically experience greater annual average temperature
changes than continental locations. False
● Energy transferred in a vertical motion of mixing is referred to as convection.
● The difference in energy budgets of the poles compared to the Equator means
that energy will be transported from the Equator toward the poles.
● High albedo materials tend to possess the general physical characteristics of
being both light and smooth.
● What percentage of the world is covered in clouds at any given time? 40-60%
● As described in your text and lecture, a geoid is a generalized shape representing the
Earth.
● What type of system equilibrium is characterized by a changing trend in system
operation over time? Metastable equilibrium
● The Sun emits only longwave energy. False
● Our seasons are caused by all the following factors except distance from the
earth to the sun
● Land and water heating differences are due to all the following characteristics
except albedo
● High pressure rotates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. True
● Which force is described as a deflective force, making wind that travels in a
straight path appear to be deflected in relation to Earth's rotating surface? Coriolis
force