sEcTroN 13 EIITDGE BEARINGS

PAGE

l3.l DESCRIPTION sl3-l

,3.2 EIA.STOMERIC BEARINGS s!3-1

13.Lr Description s13.1

13.L2 Marcrials s13-2

13_LZr Natural Rubber sl3-2

t3.LZz Mild StcelPlates sl3-3

13.L2.3 Bonding Agcnt sl34

13.2-L4 Epmy Mortar st3{

r1.2.L5 Dolr,el Bars sl34
13.?-3 Msnuficlure sl3-4

13.23.1 Approval Bcfore Manufacture sr34

r3.L3.2 Test Certificatcs sr34

13.13.3 Forming of Elastomcr BcaringP s13-5

13.2.3.4 Quality Control sl3-5

13.2.3.5 Marking sr3-5

t3.2.3.6 Matcrials Other Than Those Originally

Approvcd sl3-6

13.2-4 Sampling sl34

13.L4.1 Proccdure sr3-6

13-L4.2 Intcnsiry of Sampling sl34

13.e5 Testing st34

r3.25.r Approved hboratory sl36

r3.e5.? Tqrt Mcthcxls sl3{

r3.2.5.3 Tsst Piccan sr3.7

(i)
 t3.L5.4 Tcrt Samplcr From Surfacc of Bcuring s13-7

13.25J Tcst Samplu From tsody Of Bcaring sl3-7

r3-?"5.6 B<rnr! Strenglh Test-Picce sl1.?

r1.L5.7 Rctcsting st3-7

13.L6 Acccptance sl3-7

13.26.1 Acccplcd trrt sl3-?

t3.2.6.2 Tcst Slateme nts sl3-7

13.L7 Irstrllation sl3{

r3.L7.l Ge neral sl3€
r3.L7-2 Approval Bcfore Installaticn sr3-8

r3"L7.3 Epoxy Mortar Bedding sl3€

13.2.7.4 C-r.rncrete Surface s13-9

13.2.7.5 Sctting Tolerance of Bcarings sl3-9

13.2.7.6 Dowel Ban sl3-9

133 MECHANICAL BEARINCS

13.3.1 Description sr3-9

13.3. r .l Design And Applicable Codcs sr3,9

13.3.r.2 Manufacture rs sl3-10

r3.3. r.3 Substituted Bearings sl3-r0

13.3.2 M aterials sr3-r0

r 3.3.?. I Mc(als st3.l0

13.3.2.2 Polylctraflurocthylcnc ( ?'ITE ) sl3.r I

r 3.3.2.3 Elaslomcr sr 3-r 2

13.3.2.4 Coal Tar Epoxy sr3-t2

r 3.3.2.5 Prcformcd Fabric Pads 513.r2

r3.3.2.6 Scaling Rinp sr 3-r 2

fii)
 l3.3JJ Grouts st3.r3

r3.3.3 Design Requircrncnu sr3-13

t33.3.1 Elastomcric Disc sr3-t3

r 3.3.3.2 Sliding Surlaces sl3-r3

13.3.3.3 Rotatkrn sl3-14

3-3.3.4 Movcrn cnt s13-14

r3.3.3.s Welding sl3-14

13.3.4 Submission sr3-14

| 3.3.4.r Shop Drawings sl3-14

t3.3.4.2 Ocrtificatcs s13-15

13.3.5 Fabrication sr3-15

13.3.5.1 PTFE sl3-r5

13.3.5.2 Bolts And &;lts Holes s13-16

I r.3.5.3 Welding s13-t6

r 3.3.-5.4 Protectivc Mcasurcs sr3-r6

r 3.3.6 Testing sl3- 17

t3.3.6.1 Procedure And Cbmpliance sr3-17

13.3.? Prtxlucls Dclivery. Storage And Handling sl3-18

t 3.3.7. r A,;scmbly And Marking sr3-18

13.3.7.? Carc And Protection sl3-18

r 3.3.8 Installation sl3-t8

13.3.8.t Gencral sr 3-r 8

13.3.8.2 Toleranccs sr 3-19

(iii)
13.0 BRtDcE nE{Kl}*Qs

I3.I DESCRIPTION

This Work shall consisl of the manufacture. supply and installation o[ elastomeric
bcarings or mechanical bearing'. Thc Work sball be carried out in accordancc
with rhe spccificarion and the lines, lcvcls. gradcs, dimcnsions and cross scctk)ni
as shown on thc Drawing and a; dirccted by thc S.O.

1i.2 W

13.2.1 t)escRII'TtON
'ltre Work specified in this Sub Section includes lhe manufacture, supply aad
instailation of clastomeric rubber bearing.

Fcrr the purposc of this Specification, the following lerms and definitions apply:

(a ) "tls:losr-sJ

Macromolecular material *hich returns rapidly to approximately its initial

shape and <timensions after substantial deformation by a stress and
re leasc of thc stress.

tb) Bridse-b€sring

A be aring *'hose function is to accommoclate relativc movement betwee n

a bridge dcck and its supporting slruclure.

(cJ tg.1n.rge.tcd -ftestoneric r

A bcaring composcd of claslomer *'ilh larninates of another material'

srrch as stccl cmbcddcd in and bonded to it.

(d) Rglrltt Comryund

The intirnat* mi-xture r.rf a rubbcr with all the neccssatl ingredients prior
to vulcanizati0n to bc distinguished from vulcanizatc which is formed try
vu lcaniring the rubher compound.

(e) Vrrlcanizstion

'l}e process, usually heating untlcr ptc-rsure in a press, in which tbe

ruhbcr crtm pr.:u nil is convcrtcd through chcmical changcs to a matcrial
prrsscrsrng c Ias.t ic Jrropcrtics.

(1) Yulse-u4'tE-Y-c$!scd.&-,1trJ
'l-he elastontcric product rlf vulcir nira t irln,

sil.r
 (g) Rsrldg'tqlBuJ,bsE

Matcrial obtaincd by mechanical and chcmical treatmcnt of wastc

vulcani;ccd rubbcr in ordcr to destroy its elirstic propertics and rcn<Jer it
suitablc filr use &s q raw matcrial in the manufacturc of other rubbcr
produclr.

13.7.2 MATERIAT$

13.2.2.1 Nat.ute!_Rubb€r

In preparing thc rubber compound. go<xC quality natural rubber complying with
the requircments of MS 3.51:SMR5 grade or better shcll be used. I.io reclaimed
rubbcr or ground vulcanised rubbcr shall be used. All ingredients shall be
recognised rubber quality and shall be uniformly dispcrscd.

(a) Ph.vqlcs!. Pr-otrrertips o1 Rubb€r

The physical propertiss of the vulcanized rubber .*hen tested according to

appropriatc slandard shall cc;nform to the requirements o[ Table 13.1. Bearings
whosc nominal hardness falls within thc rangcs oi 4$55, 56-65 and 6&?5 arc
classified as rypes A B and C respe.ctive ly and the properties of the wlcanizates
shall conform to the requiremen$ of the respective types. Howevcr in all cases,
the hardness cf a single size and design of bearings shall be *'ithin a maximum
rangc of '|5 IRHD- For the purpose of verilying that thc bearings conlorm to the
require ments of this clause, all terl specimens of ozone resistance shall be taken
from an outside surface of a bearing and all sther test spccimeru shall be taken
frorn and outside and middle third of a hearing.

.st 3-2
 Mcthcdr
Tyfrc A Type B Typ. C of
Tcrtr
I Nomin*l 46 to 55 :16 to 65 66 to ?5 tso {8
Hardncss(IRHD)

Tensile strcngth 2l l7 l4 ISO 37

2 (Nisq.mn), min.

Elongation at Brcak 550 450 300 rso 37

J (7a), min

Comprcssion sct 30 30 30 ISO El5

4 after 24 hours at
7ffC and 257a
com pression (fe).
max.

5 Ozone resistance lesl No visible No visihle No visiblc lso l43r

after 96 hours at 25 cracks cracks cracks Parl 1

pphm ozone.'10*C
?07o slrain

6 Accelcrated ageing
for 168 hours at ?ffC ISO 1&l
{air ovcn)
6"1) Changt in
tcnsile strength, (7o) l5 r( l5 ISO l7
6.2) Change in
elongalion at break. * 2{) *20 * 2rl ISO 48
(q")

13.?.2.2 MILn.Sr[r!!, ItnTES

Mild stccl uscd for plare reinforcement shall comply with Lbe requirements of BS
43(d) or BS 9?0 and havc a minimum yield strcngth of 250 Nisq'rnm'

J'hc minimum thickness of thc stccl platcs shall bc 3mm for thc <lutermtrst platcs
and 2mm {or inncrmt:lt Platcs'

sr i'3
 Stccl platcs shall be I'rcc from fla*s, tcars and rough cdger, and ehnll bc
com pletely encased in rubber. The nrinimum thickness uf cncascme nt shull bc
3rnm for lhe uppcr and luwer faccs c[ thc bcaring and (rrnm lor thc sid<s ol rhe
bearing.

13.?.?^3 glnsljns-Ass1t!

(^ ) I'Ipt
!
All bonding of elastomcr tn ilecl shallbe carried rlul, during n-rlcanization. I
'lhus, rhe honding agcnt ro he uscrl shall be of thc type intcnded lor
bonding n:rtural rubber " to - melal during vulcanization.

{h} l}onrling Strrnpth

The hond strength whcn tesled in accorrJancc wirh tSO 8l-i (90" peet i

test), shall be in excess of 9N/mm. i

1.1.2.2.4 Eno:il M-ortgr

Epor,y nrortar frrr the bearing pads shall havc a conrprcssive strength of at least
48Nisq.mm at 7days. All aggrcgatcs shall hc o1 conrmcrcially dricd quality aod no (

darnps ()r wet ngtreqalc shall bc permitted in thc epory- mortar.

ll.l.?.s Deggl_Uc11

Dowcl harsrhallcurntirm to MS 146.'Hr:t Rolled Steel Bars tbr the Reinforceme nl

ol'(irncretc'. and shall he qalvaniscd in acccirdance with BS 443, 'Testing Z,inc
Cr-ratirrgs on Sreel Wire and lbr Qualit.r" Rcquirements'.

tj.2 3 fi{ANtit'ACt1_t)RE

I.i.2.-l.l ija1or1l-&f!1g!_!!a!]lf4!s!
Nl;lnufaclure of hcarinqs shail not c()rnrne nce until thc Cuntractor has received
prclirninary approval of that tvpc <rf bcaring in *'riting fiom thc S.O.

i3.l-.3.-Z 'l'est Cerlificate:r

-l1lc
llonlra.;lor shrril rubnit to thc S.O. approval tcst certil'icaic fbr the two
samplt:s ol cacn t1'pc o[ bcarngs of thc sumc rJcsign, dimcnsions and physical
prof(rties shall bc corrsidcrcd lo bc o1'thc same typc. In gcneral, thc following
bcaring propcrties shall satisfy thc rcquircmcnts of the Spccification:-

{a) Hartlncss

(h) Terrsilc Strcngth ;rnrl Eiongatit;n at llrcak

{c) Cornprcsririn Sct

sr3,4
 (d) Ozonc Ruslstancc

(e) Acccleratcd .tgcing

(l) Chemical ConrPcrsition

(g) Stiffness in CcrmPression

(h) Stiffncss in Shear

13.2.3.3 fo-rmi48 -Q{ Elnstomer

(a) l'lsln ggg-l&grings an<l Strip lle-s{i.n8i

Plain pad trcarings shall be rnouldcd in one piece or comprise single pieccs cut
frnm prcvinusly rnouldcd strips of slabs" Cutling sball producc a smoath surface
without injurious heating of the elastomer'

(b) l,ominated llcarinq

A lamirlaterj bearing shall hc moulded as a single unil under prcssure and heat-

(c) Spssr.rrb_L!ruldl
Whe n spaccrs arc uscd in moulds to ensure correct covcr to outer platcs, they
shall comply with thc foll<rwing requircment:-

(i) Thc rcsuhing exposcd $teel urfaccs shall cvcntually be covered when the
bcarings arc installcd in bridgc structure.

{ii) The spaccrs shall bc locatcd with a minirnunt distance of l0mm from the
rcinforcing platc cdgc to thc cdge of thc spacer.

(iii) The sizc o[ rhc holc lcft at thc surlacc of thc ring shall not exceed lOmm
d iarnetcr'

(iu) Thc mininum praclical numbcr of spaccrs shall be used t<l ensure
correct ftrcatir>n o[ plates hut in no casc shall thc lotal arca o[ spaccrs
excccd 31,/c of thc be irring ettmllrcssion arca'

13.2.3.4 QualitlCttnlnrl

Thc manufae(ugr sh;rll crcrcisc appropriatc quality control during the

marrufaclure of rhe tre arings, Quality cuntr<>l rcct)rds shall bc madc availablc to
thc S"O. Thc S.O. may clcjt (o scnrl a rcprcscntativc lo virit thc faclory.

13-2.3.5 Murkinj
ComplctcrJ bearings shlll h;rvr: thc manulacturc'ri nxmc (or lradc mark) and a
sr:rill nrrrnlx'r inrlrlihlv markcd thcrcttn.
sr3-5
 mEnufactursd at lhc same timc to be traccd through thc prrxJuction control
records should ncci srisc. Where practicable thc srrial number shall also bc
visible after installation of the bearing in thc structurc.

The top of cach bearing shall hc clearly markcd and the siz,e :rnd direction of
pra*t, in any, and the dircction o[ installation shall bc indicltcd.
13.2.3.6 Me terir ls Otlrcr rlra n .
Those O risi ns I lv 4tproved

lf during thc progrars of the work, lhe conlractor dcsircs to usc ma(eri{s other
than thosc originrlly approvcd, he shallsubmit for approval, as set out. the design
dctails and calculalions and two samplcs of cach type of bearing hc proposcs tr.r
use.

13.2.4 srYrtl,rNG

1t.2.4.1 Procedure

At least 3 months beforc the Contractor is rcady to commencc installation ol the

bearings, he shall dcliver to Site the finished bearings to be installed lor the
Work-

t3.2.4.2 I.Jlensltv Of S$rtlding

For acccptance purposes, a lot shall consist of bearing of a singlc size and design.
A lot shall not exceed one hundrcd bearings. Frnm each lot, a minimum of lwo
bcarings shall be selected at random by the S.O. for lesting in accordance with
the reguiremcnts of this Specification.

r 3.2.5 TESTING

r 3.2.5. r Aooqvrd l=abolllorj

Testing shall be carricd out at the Rubber Rescarch Institute of Malaysia or in

another l.aboratory approvcd by thc S.O. Tcsting shall L'e preferably be carried
out in the prcscncc of ttrc S.O. If thc (bntraclor so *'ishes, he may also be
p ressnt.

13.2.5,2 Tesr Methrds

Unlcss olhcrwise agreed by the S.O., all perlcrrmance tesls shall be conducted in
uccordancr with the test mcthfiJs as srrecificd.

(a) Stiff[tss I q DiCeSL Comprtssiun

Stiffncss in dircct urmpretrion shall hc determined in acc<lrdance with Appendix
B of MS 671. il shall n(Jl bc less lhan that spccificd on thc Drawing.

(b) $tttrnrsgJE$!eql
st3{i
 stiffness in shcar rhatl bc determincd in acrxrrdrncc with fupodix B of MS 6?1.
lr shall not bc grcitlcr lhdn that spccilicd on thc Drawing-

t3.2-53 Tcst Plcc.eq

The test rcquircd for etaslorner shall bc pcrformerJ on spccially n rulded tesl
pkxer. When, adrlitionally. the S.O. dirccts lctt$ to be made on samples cut from
a tinished bcaring, thesc samplcr shall bc obtnined ar sperilied in 13'2.5'4 and
13.2-5.5 arc preparcd in accordancd wilh BS 9(B : Part A 36.

13.2.J.4 Tc4-$apolc Eroq$urhc€ Of B-€8d!S

Tcst piccet for thc detcrmination of hardness, lensilc strcngth and clongation at
brealc, ageilg rcslstanc€ and ozonc rcsistance sball be such that onc of the two
lalrr surfacc is part of the outer surfacc of the bearing.

13.2.5.5 T"c{.Sgmples l'rue 4ody Ol ng+rlpg

Test piercs for the determination of crimpression set shall bc taken frorn as ncar
thc middle of the bcaring as possible.

r3"25.6 Bond Strcngrh Tcst-Plege

Sampling of bond slrength test - piecc ;ball bc determined in accordancc wilh

Appendix A of MS 671. Samples shall bc tcstcd in accordance with ISO 813.

13.2-5.7 Retesllnc

For bearings which fails to mcet any of the malerial tests, spccimens_ shall be
takcn irom another bearings sampled earlicr. lf the bearings fail performance
tesls, two furrher bearings shall bc sampled frOm the same lot. The bearings shall
meet all the requirements qr lhe lot shall be rejected.

13.L6 ACCEPTANCE

13.26.r Accepted trt

In thc event of thc samplc bearing mecting all the requirements of this
Specification, the entire loiof hearings fiom which the sample was drawn shall
be accepteri. Each bearing lrom an accepted lot shall be indelibly marked with
its proposed lrrcation on lhe bridges'

r3.2.6.2 Tcst Stu.!9.!$nrs

A notarircd slatemcnt giving dctails ol'tbc test rcsults and thc proposcd-locations
of the bcarings which iauc-par,sc4 {he t.:sts shalt bc lirrwardcd to thc S.O.

sn.?
13.2.7 IN_$TALIAT|ON

l3.e?.1 (irnersl

Thc bcaring shall tre installcd to thc apprrrpriate sctting as shcwn on thc Draw'inu
and hc maintained in thcir corrcct positiun during placing of thc bridgc deck.
Aftcr the deck has bcen cr:mplctcd, cach bearing and thc area around it shall bc
left clcan.

13.2,7.2 Appnrvsl Btf(r.+ Testinl

No bcarings shall be installcd {)n thc works until they havc heen acccpted in
writing by thc S.O.

"[}rc (nntlactor shall include any rclevant information conccrning thc mcthods
and materials hc proposcs to usc k)r thc bcaring inrtallatiun.

13.2.7.3 EFrxY Mor{gr Bcdding

Prior to placing rhc cpcry morrar bcdding. the contractcr shall prepare a trial mix
of his pr<lposcd epory mortar mixture. Thc equipment used to make the trial mix
shall bc thc cquipmcnt to bc uscd duringlhe Work.'lhrce standard ltl0mm test
cuhcs shall bc cast and comprcssion lcsted in accordance *ith BS 1881 'Method
of Testing Crrncrctc' and curcd [<rr 7 da1s" The three cubes shall tre tested for
compression strcngth at 7 rlays antJ cach cube shall have a compressivc strenglh
of at lcast 48N,tq.mm.

At lcast 20 dais bcforc thc Cirntractor proposcs !o commcncc placing lhc cpoxy
morrar bcdcling. hc shall submit to the S-O. fcrr approval details of the mix he
prop()scs to used and the tcst results. Tcst icsulls shall be in the form of a
ngtariscd stiitcrncnl lrom an allprervc<! laboratory and shall Includc thc 7-days
cubc strcngth. thc grading nf thc fine ilggrcga:c in lhc mix. thc mix Proporlions
used and thc tempcraturc at testing. No work:hall cunrnrence until thc trial mix
has bccn approvttl in uriting by thc S O.

During c{)nstruc{ion rrf thc cpoxy murtar hcdr-ling rhe S.O. shall cast a standard
t O0mnt (cst cubc [rom rhe mix l'rom each r\atch irrr cr:rnprcssion Lcsting in
aecordancc with thc IIS l&Sl. Thc cuhcs x'il[ be air-,;txrlcd on Sitc in a sheltcrcd
lcration. Shoultl lhc comprcssivc strcngth o[ any tcst rube fail lo reach the
specilrccl stfcngth. thc S,O sh;rll have thc right t{r r(r1ccl thc cpoxy lrc:nt which
such cubc was lakun.

No cpory nic,rtar hceirling:hall hc kradetl until ils {.on{r(t cube has attlrned the
spccilicd com pre ssivc strength.

sr3 8
13.2.7.4 esasclssctrlg
The contractor surfacc on which the cpoxy mortar bcdding srC to bc plad end
thc bearing surfaccs on the prcstrcsscd concrcle bcams shall bc lcpt frcc ol oil
grcasc, diri, laitancc anrl ali other foreign materials. Prior to placing thc cp'cy
ilotr.i bedding or the prestressd concrete beams ahc contact crcst rhell bG
clean a*d dry io rhe saiisfacrion (,f thc S.O. Immcdiately prior to plaolq tbc
epoxy mortai the concrcte surface which is to rcccive thc ePoxy. mortar shall bc
pii.LA with a 0.8mm rhick cast of thc cporry rc*in bindcr uscd in thc mortar.

13.2.7.5 Setrlng Tohrgnss Of Berrings

Bearings shall tc locatetl so that thcir ccntreline arc within t 3mm of tbcir
correcipoaition. The level of a single bcaring or thc mean lcrrols of morc than
one bearing at any support shatl be within a tolerancc of : 0.0001 timct thc tum
of rhe adjaicnt tp.niof a coniinuous girder but not aceeding * smm'
of I in 2([ in
BcarirrgS shall bc sct to lheir correct inclination within a tqlerancc
any ,liiction. Departure from common plana-iity of twrlq multiple bcaring;
stratt te within such lolcrancc as may be specified by the S'O'

Epoxy m()rtar bedding which docs not mccl thcfc toleranc€5 may bc repaired by
ciihci grinding rhc suifaces which will be in contact witb thc bcarinp to achicrrc
rhe desired tolcranccs, or by roughening thesc surfacc and carting a faycr o!
approvcd cpor] marcrial orrir the-complitc surface to a minimum thicknecs of
3mm.

13.2.7,6 f)owel _Bsrs

Dowcl bars, whcrc shr:wn on thc Dra*ings shall be accuratcly irstallcd in pocition
and direction.

r 3.3 MECIIAN I CAL UTiARI N(;S

I r.3.1 DESCRII'TION
-fhc work spcciliccl in this Suh-section includes the supply, rnanufacture and
instaltation of pot type hearing.s.

| -1_3.1 .1 Design And -ApPl icable Codes

Tlrc bcarings shall bc tlcsignctl, manufactured anrj inslalled in accordance with

rhis Spccifiiations antl thti applicablc requircmcnts of thc following Standard
&rdcs and Spccificalions:-

(a) British St;tnrl:rrds BS 54fi) : Part 9 : 'Eridgc Bcaring"

(b) Sr;rntlartl Spccilication fi>r Highway Bridgs ad(,pled by AASHTO Part I

& ll.

sr 3.9
ll-3.1.? M"r.ngr.qc!p$r$

The bcaring manufacturer proposcd as supplier for thc bcaringp shall havc not
less than ? ycars succaqslul expericncc in rnanufacturing similar type and capacity
bearingp and slrall bc subjcctcd to the approval by the S.O'

13.3"t3 Subrlllnted Scsrlnss

Thc contractor may subrnrit altrrnative pot bearingr bascd on pot bcaringp of i
similar dcsign to that shown fcr ccnsideration and approval by the S.O. provided
lhcy comply *ith thc following:-

(a) Equal or hcttcr ktad carrying and :nr:veme nt capaeitf

(b) Fabricated by an approved man,riacrurer;

(c) All controldimcnsioas are mainiained; no change in overall height:

bearing must fit within limits of detailed masonry plate;
I

(d) UseunfilledPoly'terafluoroethyhnc:

(e) Ure elaslome ric maierial as a confincd medium *'ithin thc pot.

(t) Equal or better than the bearings shown oa thc I

drawings in all structural respects.

13.3.2 MATERI.{_L.S

11.3.2.1 !\tetals

(a) Stai$lcss Steel

Slainlcss sreel sliding surfacc shall cithcr be stainless clad steel plate or solid
slainlcss steel mecting the lollowing rcquiremcnts:- i

(i) Srainlers stcel clad plale shall conform 1o the requirerncnts of BS 1449 :
Part ?. llrc gradc of material for siiding surfaces shall be 316 Sl6.
The backing stccl cf basc metal shall be of Crade 43A to BS 4360. The
srainless srecl and based metal rhall bc mill roiled under heat and
pressurc until lhcy arc intcgrally bonded over thcir cntire inlcrfacc'

(ii) Solirj stainlcss srccl plalc shall ccnform to thc rcquiremcnls (rf BS 1449 '
: Part l.

(b) S!ntctrrrul Sltel

Strur:tural slrcl c()nlp{)rcnts ol'thc bc;rring shall comply wtth requircmtnts of BS

43(f!. I-i:r pot hcarings, thc hlscd pot shall hc mauhincrJ fr<;m a stll:d ttccl Platc.

Atl fcrrous mctal ( orhcr than rtainlcss siccl ) \hall br [ahricatcd from thc gradc
slcel spccilictJ abolc with thc additional rcquircmcnls that thc rtccl shall cunlain
{t.35 lo 0.5olo c<rppcr l{) uithan{:lu iLr rvclthcring ch a raclcrist ics.

srl-l(l
 {c) Ilolls

(i) Anch0r lkrlts I le r Nuls And \Vashe rs

Anchtlr Bols, Hc:r lruls and Washcn shall trc fabricatcd from thc stccl
Cradc ;13 and complying with thc rcquircmcnts of BS 436O and he sircd
and threadcd in conformancc ltr thc rcquircmcnts of BS 3692 for Anchor
Brrlts anrl Hcx nuis and BS 43?0 tor washer!.

{ii} AgchSflbJ$, Nuts And Wrshers

Anchor Bols, Nuts and Washers shall be galvanised and complying with
thc rcquircmcnls of BS f29-

(iii) Ceunlglgtk-lgrews

Countersunk Scrcr,rs shall be carbon steel (equivalent to alloy 43, BS

4360) c;lindrical hcad cap scre\46, mce ting the applicabrle requiremcnts of
BS 4933.

{iu) Eed Wglded Shear Sllds

End Weldcd Shear Studs shall be fabricated (o lhe requirementr of BS

4360.

13.3-2"2 I'ol,Ylet@
PTFE rcsin shall be 1{il per cent virgin material $ecting thc requirements of BS
3?ll4 ; Cradc A"

The com;xrsitiun of fillcd PTFE shall be such that its coefficient of friction is not
more rhan twice the coef$cicnt of friction of pure PTFE when mcasured under
the sami conditions.

(a) liiller Msterisl

Fillcr material, *hcn used, shali be milled glars librcs, carbnn or othcr approvcd
incrt fillcr malcrials.

(b) Ad_l?ertt:gs

Adhcsives lbr bonding PTFE to backing plalcs {hall produce a bond with a
nrinimum pcci strcogth oi 4Nlmm u'idth lr,hcn tcstcrJ in accordance with BS 5350
: Part L9.Tlrey shall hc rcsistant to thc action of luhricants, almotpheric and
hkrlogieal agcnts and tcrnpcrature to which bcaring may hc subjcct.

sr3-il
 (c) l,rbrlcen!

Thc lubricant rrrcd sbell retain i6 pmperties within the tem pcrnture range of
- 2?"C to +47{. Ii shall not chrrnge ite urnsistency or affect the constituent partt
of thc hridgc hcarings. The tubricant shall have the follou'ing propertier:-

(i) Worked pcnelration rangc of ?-10 to ?ttO determincd in accordarur wilh

RS 5296.

(ii) a solidification grint < *40.C.

(iii) ablecding < 47o when testcd in acq:rdance with BS 529?, using l50pC for
24 hour"

l3J.Z3 Elsstomer

(a) Elaslomcr material shall bc good quality natural rubber complying with the
requirernents of MS 3.51 : SMR 5 Grade or better shall be used. All ingredients
shall be uniformly dispcrsed.

(b) The phpical properties of the wlcanized rubber whcn iestcd according to BS 903
shall conform to the requirements of Spccification clause 13.?.2.1 (a) of thc
Elastomeric Bcarings.

13.3.24 Coal Tar Epoxl

Coal Tar Epoxy shall comply with the requiremenls of 85 5493 Ref Kf lB.

13.3.2.5 Prefqqned f'sbrlc &'dq

Preformed Fabric Pads shall be cr.:nrpressed of muttiple layen o[227 gran cotton
duck impregnatcd and bound with high quality natura! rubber or of equivalcnt
and cqually suitable materials corn prcssed into rcsilient pads o[ uniforrn thicheJl
The numbcr oi plies strall bc $uch a$ to produce the specillcd thickness, aftcr
comprcssion and vulcanizing. The finishcd pads shallwithstand com prcssion loads
perpcndicular to the plane of the laminations of not le.$s than 69 KNlsq.mnt
without dctrimental reductir:n in thickness or extrusion.

13.3"2.6 o5ssliqg_-8lJg:

Sealing rings for containing lhe confincd ncdium in pot hearings shall mect thc
lollowing requiremcnts:-

(a) Non-crrrrosive matcrials;

(b) Withstands or transmil all imgxe loa<ls;

(c) Allow free rnovement of thc piston:

sr 3-r2
 (d) C-ontairu thc confined medium wilhin the pot undcr the maximum static
and dynamic loading'

(c) Prevents contamination of the conlinerJ mcdium wi:b forcign matter.

(l) Designed to bc flushcd with the outside surface of the elastomcr lo

cnsurc prop€r sealing.

13.3.L7 Gmuts

Non-shrink grouts for sclting anchor bols shall be of an approved quality and
reste4 in accirdance with thc requircments of BS 1881, BS 4-s50, BS 4551 and BS
5075: Part 2

13.3.3 DESIGN REOUIREMENTS

Design paramcters shall comply with thc following requirentcnls:-

13.3.3.1 Elsstomeric Dlsc

The maximum design compressivc stress shall be 40 N/sq'mm"

13.3.3.2 Slldlnq Surfe,ces

Slidiag surface shall accommdatc ranslation by sliding of a hard mating surface

of stainlcss steel acrom a PTFE surface.

(a) StgiEless ste€l

Stainlcss Steel Sliding Surfacc shall bc accurate, flat surfacc with Brinnell
hardness of 125 minimum. It shall comply with the tbllowing requirements :'

(i) stainless stecl. sliding surface shall completely cover thc PTFE surface in
all opcrating positions of the trearing'

{ii) Stainlers slecl slirJing surfacc shall be positioncd -so. -that the sliding
movement causes the dirt and dust accumulation to fall from the surface
o[ lhc stainless e tccl without contaminating the PTFE.

(b) {EE Slidlng Surface

Holes in PTFE sliding surfacc shall nol bc pcrmitted'

st3-13
 (c) 9joctfi{lc tl O{ Frl<ll{'!

unless oihcnr,Lre spt.ilied, rhc mininum c*{Ilcicnt of lricrir,.,n used in the dcsign
shall trc as Tablc 13.2.

Bearing Strcss Grcf{lcicnt o[ Frie tion

( Nlrq.nm )

5 0.08

l(l {r 06
-)t I
0.t|l

30 and ovcr 0.03

13.3.3,3 tlsF!.ba

Jhc nrt;rlicn o[ pot hcarings afrour a horizontal aris shall not excred 0.1-i.

13.3 3 4 Movtrnenl

The pot bearints sh;lll accomni,date the erpanrir:n and eontreclicn inovcmenrs.
as shrlwn on t'he l)rawin.qs.

r3.3.3.5 !*ldits
Wclding to stccl platc rh;rt has a honded P'IliI:, surface mav tre pcrmitteC
pro', i<.lctl r,, e liirtg procr:riu:r-r arc csrr.blished which rerrricl rhc maxim unr
tcnrl)cri]tuf rr re;clrrt! f..,y the honLl are a t{.} hr: lhrn J 50'(l as rjcte rnrincd by
!cmpe rllufc j::dri:r:licn lvlrx pcnr:ils r;r othcr su:tahlt: mcans aplr.vcrJ bv rhc S.0.

r 3.3.4 suEt\flssl(]N

| 3_3.4. I !hgp Ora*inq5

The Cont rar:tor shall, hc{irre the l;rhr jca t ion ol an1' hca rings. suf,n: jt s h;rc drau in gs
to thc S.O fer auprr:val. 'fhc :hop rlra*'i::gr s!-.:rll ingludc:-

(a) Plan and *lrv;,tion of th,-l L'cirrjn{:

(b) (iomplete dctarlr iind rcr.:tions showing;ll n;itcii;,s j;:r.i',r;:or a tcrl *ith the
bca t ing;

(c) All 8S. ASTM crr other :nirteriii rlesigrrrricrrs;

(,J) Vertical and horir.onral load capacity:

5n.!4
 (c) Rotution and trarslation capaciry

Compression strrss on all lliding surfaT: ot *"tl as on the

surfacrx of thc
(r)
connnc*t medium, at maximum antt minimun detign loads;

(e) Complctcdesigncalcu|a|ionslodemonstratcc<lmpliancewiththe
spccificalir:n;

(h) Details of corrosion properlies to mctal components:

{i) Details of {ixing to trQth lhe supentructure and thc substructure:

O Method of installation;

All othcr information required by rhe S.O. to lacilitate his consideration

ik)
cf the Contractor's ProPcsal.

The c-ontractor's submis.sion shall bc made at lcast onc manth prior to_the date
by which approval of his propcsals is required' The contractot shall bc
ii-tponsiltc io, that'$ufficicnl time is ailon'ed for thc submission and
prop<tsils: anci for the testing and delivcry of thc bearings. to
apiroval of his "nruting
avoid delaying thc Works.

13.3.4.2 Ccr{iflcpttqe-q

Thc Contractor shatl furnish C-ertified Tesi Reports, Material Crrtificates and a
certilicate of compliancc for each bcaring in accordance with the s.o.'s
in$tructiclns.

13.3.5 FABRICAI'IOI'I

13.3.5.1 v!t-FE

(r) Bonded frIIE

The surfacs of PTFE to bc bondcd shall be prepared for bonding in accordancs
wirh Bs 53J0 : Part ,{1. Thc rninirnum bo:rd-strength betwccn the PTFE and its
be 4Nimm
backing ptatc, ',vhcn tcstcd in accordance with BS 5350 : Part C9' shal]
width.

(b) Contined-Ff[E
s!1u.lden of the
ConfincrJ PTI-€ shall he rcccsscd inkr nctal backing platc, Qe
reccss shall bc sharp and sccurc to rcllrict fte {low of PTFE
The thickncss of thc
rhe rcccss sha|| bc relatcd to i|s maxirnum plan
rrre ano its prtltrusitln lr<;m'fai'lc
rJimcnsisn in accordance with l3'3'

sl3.l5
 -rahl-q-nJ r TH UKILI$S .AN D P.BoBlggIl-QEgIgE

Maximum dimcnsion of Minimum Ir{axim um

ffl;Ei diamcler or Thickncss projcctic'n abovc
diagonal) ( mm ) ( mm ) recess ( rnm )

< 600 4.5 1 /t

> 600, < 1200 5.0 2.5

> l?00, < ls(a 6.0 3.0

13.3.5.2 Bolts And Bolt Holes

Boh holes shall be drilled cr reamcd. Where specified by the S.O., bolts ct screlr's
shall be of a vibration resistant type. Taper u'ashers of the correct angle cf taper
shall be provirled under all heads and nuts bearing on beveiled surfaces"

13.3.5.3 lvel.dlng

(a) Genersl

Welding procedure shall be as such as to minimise rlistortion of thc bearing

components and to avoid damagc lo finished work or bonded n:laterials.

(b) .4,lurniniury

Metal.arc rvelding of aluminum shall bc in accordance *ith lhe recommendations

of BS 3019 : Part 1.

(c) Stginlgls sreel

Welding o[ stainless steel shcet to a mild steel i:acking plate shall be by an inert
gas-shieldcd metal-arc tungsten inert gas nletal.arc proccsi- lllcctrodcs rrsed with
thc former mcrhfd shirll hc austcnitic stccl elcctroCcs complying s'ith IJS i9?6.

13.3.5.4 l}glqsli:g- 11*€q.c!

Pcrmancntly cxposed surfacc shail bc protcctcrl against corrosir)n as speciiieil tlr
approved by tbc S.O.

{a) lli,sqirrr"i&r Mgleriali

Carc shall bc lakcn to pre.vcnt clcctrcilytic acticn betw'ecn dissimilar rnetir!s in

c()nlaLa hy thc ure eif suitabie insulatinn and prcvcntiorr of mn:sture pcnetrirtion.

{t,) l)rtm.aqcd"Arta.s

Any damaged arra rrf protcctire lr.almcnt rh:rll hc rnadc gor to thc satislaclion
o[ thc S.0. or ihe dirmftlcd parts replactd.
sl 3-16
r 3.3.6 '[g\-nNg

Thc Cilntractor sball infirrm thc S.O. at least onc month in *d'.:ncc of thc drlc
anri placc of rnanuiacture and tesl erf lhc trcaring. Thc Corrtft€tor rball nrlc
ncccssary 1rrlrngcmcnt for thc S.O. tO inspect thc manufacturing proCCrS Of tc3l
tf the place of ntanufacturc or testing is located ovc$.:asr thc C.ontrrctor rhrll
allow the cost for all expcnsar incurrcd by t*tl officcrs nomioatdd by the S.O. for
the ins1rcction ant! tcsting of bearingp. Ttre Contractor shall prwidt thc S-O wilh
all facilitics at tbe places of manufaclurs and telting nccc$rary for lrch
inspcction.

13.3.6.1 ll&etdurq 3p4 eqnPl iqnsq

ia) Loed Testlng

Both verrical and horizontal loads shall be applied to lhe bcaring in thc mct
adverse combinalionr as specified on lhc Drawing or in thc Schcdulc of Bcaringp
lpad transfer duc to tilting of bcaring shall be taken into ac€oun!. Bcforc
reqrrded measur€mcnts, tbe bearing shall be €mbeddcd in by applying a load
equal to rhe scrviceability limit state and then releasing it. Thc lest toads sball
then be applied in increments and load deflection measuternents shall bc
rc€orded for each incremenl. Thc rate of loading siratl be slOw enough to t'/oid
&ny adveae sbock e{Iects and tbe maximum load shall be maintained until rny
obvious shor('tcrnt crccp has ceascd.

The lotd $hall then bc rcmoved in decremenrs and load deflection mcasurements
made each decrcment. Aftcr eompletc unloading, lhc amount of set sball bc
checkcd and if signilicanl, the toading and unloading cyclc shall be repeated. If
thc set is shown to be progrcssivc, thcn the beariag is deemcd not lo comPly vith
this Specification.

For complirnce, restcd bearing shall rhow no sign of visible damagc or Pcrmancnt
de formaiinn o[ any part r!ue tr: toading cycles subscqucnl to thc initial bcdding-in
cyclc.

sr 3.r 7
 (b) l-rlqlio!

Friction tcting o[ sliding surfa&:s shall bc carricd oul as fr;llo**;-

(i) A verlical load cqual t() lhc pcrmancnt lond spccificd on lhe dra*'ing or
listcd jn the Schcdulc crf [lcarings shall bc applicd ro a pair of sliding
surfaccs mounlcd back to hack bctueen thc platcs of a compression
tcsting rig. A horizontal fcrrcc shall be applied to the pair of slirling plates
rufilcicnt to causc move me nt of nol lsss than 25mm between lhe stainless
slccl lnd PTIrE sliding surface . The maxinrum force rcquired to causc this
movc ent rhall be recordcd. lhc load shall thcn bc rcmoved frorn the rig
and inspected.

(ii) The cr"xfiicic*t o[ Irietion shail he calculalcd as

m3xtrn um horiipntal force

2 n v{:rtical load

for each lest position and shall in no cale cxceed Table 13.?.

(iii) After tcsting lhe stainless steel shall be chcched lbr f'latness, which musl
be within the specified limits. The bcnd to the backing plate shall be
unaffcctcd. Thc PTFE shall be free from mechanical damage.

(iv) The test shall bc carried rlut at room tempcrature. Thc P'|FE surface
shall be lubricated with the lubricant to L'e uscd in service.

For com plian.e, tcslcd bearing slra il shr:w no apparent surfaee l'larvs.

13.1.7 PRODTJCT-SITELTYEB_Y.SJ-Q8rq.E_ANprt4NI)LINC

13.3.7.1 As-scmUv Ald MgrkinB r

Each pot t)cnring.shail he asscmbl*d at !he plant, marked lbr identiflcation and
delivcretl to ihc *:rrst r uctit-rn site as a cont plctc u:lit. Each be aring shall be
markL:(l tr: indicatc thc normal posi:ion of the bcaling.

13.3.7.7 Qg{s Alg!;1rksli'ln

l)uring hendiing, transpart, $tor gc and installation, bcarings ihall bc kcpl clean
and [,rLrteatcd fnrm nr cch;r nical da m age, !cat, conta$ inants and other tJclctcrious
c lTcc rs.

13.3.8 l"li$l^!ur(1ii
13.3.f1.1 -U*.tr!t":ll

fle :rrings u'hich hi:vt: hccn pre -;rssemhlcrl rhall rot hc dismilntlcd, cxcept *ilh the
prior appror,al nf rhc SO . li lbr any rcason the belring has be dismantlcd, it
shall he dunr under cxpcrl supcrvision and the rnanufaclurer's ilssi!{ance shall he
sc:u gh t.

st 3-18
 All b,carings whcttrer rcquircd 1o providc horiarntnl rc$trflint or not' shrll bc fucd
le thc superstruc{urs with the ncchanieol firingl or similar. Reliuce on thc
friction bctrarcn thc bcaring and thc :upcnitrocture or subslrur:turc lo rcrisl part
ol thc horirontal [<rn:cx may bc pcrmittcd prtrvidcd a factor of ralety of rxx lrxr
lhan I lIZ is applicrl 1o thc proven *rc{Uuicnt of friction. Thc rvursl comtrination
o[ vcrlical load and horizontal lold shall be c.onrirJcrcd.
'ilrc Contraclor rhall carr:fully chcck thc lcve I of
any surfacc, plinth or bed upon
which a bcaring rvill rcst and he shall makc due allo*ance for aly diffcrcncc io
thc dcpth of the bcaring t-r: bc installcrl lrorn that assumcd on thc Drawing If
ncccsiary hc shall adjust the levcls of thc suhstructurc to ensufe that thc lcwl of
lhc supcrstructurc i*ill bc at thc rcquircd levcl on completion.

Unless specificd, all i:lcaring.s shall be instaltcd with botlom plate horiarntal. For
ca.rcs whcrc tapcred tnp plarc is required to take up the longitudinal
clevation,welding or bolting to the top of thc bearing is no{ allorved. Thc tapered
{op plate must bc machined on thc bcaring itself.

Any lemporary lock devices for bearings shall be removed bcfore a post-le nsiooed
casl-in-plac. supcrstructurc is strcssed. For olher lypc of supcrslructurcs, thc timc
for rcmoval of any lcrking devices shall bc agreed by the S.O.

Care shall be lakcn io avoid displacing bearings during formrvork erection, sleel
fixing and concreling.

1.1..1_d.z [olersnfti
(r) Bcarings shrll bc kxatcd so that their centrelincs are within t 3rnm of thcir
corrrcl positir:n. Thc lcve I r:f bearings shall be within tolerance of a 0.0001 times
thc adjaccnt span, or thc lcsscr of thc adjac*nt spans, but shall not exc€cd
t 5mm. Bearings shrll bc set to their correct inclination r,,,'ithin a :oleraac€ of I
in 2tXl in any directicn.

{h} Dr,-parlurc from thc plane bctwecn twin or multiple bearings shall be within
tole rnnc:c specificd on thc drawing.

Bcar ings shall bc irrs(rllcd so lhat the dilcction of thcir hor izontal axis are wilhin
a tolcrancc of I 0-{ Xl-5 radian [rr,rrn thcir corrcct alilnmcnt.

s! 3,19