CLE 1210 Session 4
Paraphrasing Skills & Understanding Standardized Testing
Task 1
Complete the following steps and strategies for successful paraphrasing.
SIX STEPS
1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________
3. __________________________________
4. __________________________________
5. __________________________________
6. __________________________________
Task 2
Analyze the following paraphrases and learn from them.
1) Original
The 1920’s were the years when drinking
was against the law, and the law was a bad
joke because everyone knew of a local bar
where liquor could be had. They were the
years when organized crime ruled the cities,
and the police seemed powerless to do
anything against it. (50 words)
(Source: Johnson Yancey, 2005)
2) Original
Of the more than 1,000 bicycling deaths
each year, three-fourths are caused by head
injuries. Half of those killed are school-age
children. One study concluded that wearing
a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head
injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike
helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the
head. (53 words)
(Source: Johnson Smith, 1990)
SIX STRATEGIES
1. Use s__________________
2. Change the p_____________________
3. Change the v_____________________
4. Change the w____________________
5. Change the s_____________________
6. Change the s_____________________
Paraphrase
As described by Yancey (2005), during the
1920’s lawlessness and social nonconformity
prevailed. In cities organized crime
flourished without police interference, and in
spite of nationwide prohibition of liquor
sales, anyone who wished to buy a drink
knew where to get one. (42 words)
Paraphrase
The use of a helmet is the key to reducing
bicycling fatalities, which are due to head
injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the
head upon impact, a helmet can reduce
accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving
the lives of hundreds of victims annually,
half of whom are school children (Smith,
1990). (53 words)
Task 3
Complete the matching to learn about the different types of assessment.

1. Formative • • a) These tests are given at the beginning of the school

year, or the beginning of a new unit of study, in an
attempt to quantify what students already know
about a topic.

2. Summative • • b) These tests are given at the beginning of the school

year to determine what level of classes students
should take.

3. Diagnostic • • c) These assessments are given at the end of the year or

unit to assess a student’s mastery of a topic after
instruction.

4. Placement • • d) These tests measure students against a national

‘norm’ or average in order to rank students against
each other, i.e. they rank students from ‘best’ to
‘worst’.

5. Exemption • • e) These tests measure students’ academic abilities

through consistent or ‘standard’ procedures in
administering and marking, e.g. a public examination
of a subject is administered to all students on the
same day, with the same examination questions and
under the same examination conditions; and the
marking process is anonymous, and assessors
generally share the same set of marking scheme.

6. Norm-referenced • • f) These assessments are given throughout the learning

process, seeking to determine how students are
progressing through a certain learning goal.

7. Criterion-referenced • • g) These tests are often called authentic,

comprehensive, or performance assessment, and are
usually designed by the teacher to gauge students’
understanding of material.

8. High-stake • • h) It refers to a test which you must try to do it well,

otherwise you risk losing a lot or the consequence(s)
would be serious.

9. Standardized • • i) These tests measure student performance against a

standard or specific goal, i.e. each individual
student’s score depends solely on whether he
answered the questions correctly, regardless of
whether his neighbors did better or worse

10. Alternative • • j) These tests are taken to earn exemption/waiver from

a requirement and/or credit.
Task 4
Watch the news program which interviews different individuals about their views towards
standardized testing. Take note on the role of the interviewees and their stance.

Name of Stance
Role Reason(s)
Interviewees Supportive Opposing Neutral
Al Ramirez A school librarian

Sue Sadlowski- A school counselor

Garza

Sarah ________________
Chambers

Dr. Elaine A researcher

Allensworth

Dr. Joenile ________________

Albert-Reese

Dr. Jim ________________

Pellegrino

Terry Mazany The President &

CEO of the Chicago
Community Trust
John Barker Chief
Accountability
Officer of Chicago
Public Schools
Cassie A parent
Creswell
Calista Brown ________________

Juan Gonzalez A teacher

Dr. Diane A
Ravitch ________________
professor