THE WRITING PROCESS

The writing process is something that no two people do the same way. There is no "right way" or
"wrong way" to write.

STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS

STEP 1: PREWRITING
THINK AND DECIDE
 Make sure you understand your assignment. See Research Papers or Essays
 Decide on a topic to write about. See Narrow your Topic
 Consider who will read your work. See Audience and Voice
 Brainstorm ideas about the subject. See Prewriting Strategies
STEP 2: RESEARCH (IF NEEDED)
SEARCH
 List places where you can find information. See Doing Research
 Do your research. See Evaluating Sources and Primary vs. Secondary Sources
 Make an Outline to help organize your research. See Outlines
STEP 3: DRAFTING
WRITE
 Put the information you researched into your own words. See Paraphrase and Summary
 Write sentences and paragraphs even if they are not perfect.
 Read what you have written and judge if it says what you mean. See Thesis Statements
 Write some more. See Incorporating References
 Read it again.
 Write some more.
 Read it again.
 Write until you have said everything you want to say about the topic.
STEP 4: REVISING
MAKE IT BETTER
 Read what you have written again. See Revising Content and Revising Organization
 Rearrange words, sentences or paragraphs.
 Take out or add parts.
 Do more research if you think you should.
 Replace overused or unclear words.
 Read your writing aloud to be sure it flows smoothly.
STEP 5: EDITING AND PROOFREADING
MAKE IT CORRECT
 Be sure all sentences are complete. See Editing and Proofreading
 Correct spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.
 Change words that are not used correctly or are unclear.
 Make sure you are using the appropriate Style formatting.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WRITING AND SPEECH

Written and spoken language differ in many ways. However some forms of writing are closer
to speech than others, and vice versa. Below are some of the ways in which these two forms of
language differ:

 Writing is usually permanent and written texts cannot usually be changed once they
have been printed/written out.

Speech is usually transient, unless recorded, and speakers can correct themselves and
change their utterances as they go along.

 A written text can communicate across time and space for as long as the particular
language and writing system is still understood.

Speech is usually used for immediate interactions.

 Written language tends to be more complex and intricate than speech with longer
sentences and many subordinate clauses. The punctuation and layout of written texts
also have no spoken equivalent. However some forms of written language, such as
instant messages and email, are closer to spoken language.

Spoken language tends to be full of repetitions, incomplete sentences, corrections and

interruptions, with the exception of formal speeches and other scripted forms of speech,
such as news reports and scripts for plays and films.

 Writers receive no immediate feedback from their readers, except in computer-based

communication. Therefore they cannot rely on context to clarify things so there is more
need to explain things clearly and unambiguously than in speech, except in written
correspondence between people who know one another well.
 Speech is usually a dynamic interaction between two or more people. Context and
shared knowledge play a major role, so it is possible to leave much unsaid or indirectly
implied.

 Writers can make use of punctuation, headings, layout, colours and other graphical
effects in their written texts. Such things are not available in speech

Speech can use timing, tone, volume, and timbre to add emotional context.

 Written material can be read repeatedly and closely analysed, and notes can be made on
the writing surface. Only recorded speech can be used in this way.

 Some grammatical constructions are only used in writing, as are some kinds of
vocabulary, such as some complex chemical and legal terms.

Some types of vocabulary are used only or mainly in speech. These include slang
expressions, and tags like y'know, like, etc

What are Organizational Skills?

Organization skills are those related to creating structure and order, boosting
productivity, and prioritizing tasks that must be completed immediately, versus those that
can be postponed, delegated to another person, or eliminated altogether.

Maintaining strong organizational skills can reduce the chance of developing poor work
habits such as procrastination, clutter, miscommunication, and inefficiency.

Managers look for employees who can not only keep their work and their desk organized,
but for those who can also adjust quickly to the organization structure of a company.

Develop these skills and emphasize them in job applications, resumes, cover letters, and
interviews. Showing that you have the skills a company is seeking will help you get hired
and promoted.

Internal and External Organization Skills

Internal Organization Skills: Organizational skills encompass more than simply

keeping a clutter-free desk. While maintaining a clear space to work is important,
neatness is only one of several key organizational skills. Employees with excellent
organizational skills are also able to keep themselves calm and prepared with systematic
planning and scheduling.
External Organization Skills: Work projects are typically centered around a rigid
timeline, and organizing a job into smaller projects and goals can be an effective way to
complete them. Employers look for workers who can schedule and delegate these smaller
tasks to themselves and other employees in order to stay on track with deadlines while
sustaining a healthy work-life balance.

 ICT
 Stands for "Information and Communication Technologies." ICT refers to
technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It
is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on
communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell
phones, and other communication mediums.