A

TRANINING REPORT

ON

JAMKASH TRUCKING PVT LTD

Submitted In Partial Fulfillment For The Award Of The Training Certificate

BACHELOR OR TECHNOLOGY

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERIG

SUBMITTED BY: ANIL KUMAR

(HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF TECH & MANG.)

JAMKASH TRUCKING PVT LTD- VIJAYPUR OFFICE

NH-1A, Supwal , Vijaypur, Distt. Samba, Jammu.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGES

1. INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.1 Introduction To Company …………… 1
1.2 Major Strengths Of Jamkash trucking pvt ltd …….. 2
1.3
2. OBJECTIVE OF TRAINING…………… 3

3. VISION,MISSION AND VALUES OFCOMPANY………… 4

4. WORKING PROCEDURE OF WORKSHOP……………… 5

5. WORKING PROCEDURE OF PAINT AND BODYSHOP…… 6

6. RESPONSIVE SERVICE………………………………………… 7-8

7. MAIN PARTS OF I.C. ENGINE

7.1 Cylinder …………………………………. 9-12
7.2 Piston ……………………………………. 9
7.3 Piston Ring ……………………………… 9
7.4 Piston Pin ……………………………….. 9
7.5 Connecting Rod …………………………. 9
7.6 Crank Shaft ……………………………… 9
7.7 Crank Case ……………………………… 9
7.8 Engine Bearing …………………………. 9
7.9 Cam Shaft ……………………………… 11
7.10 Fly Wheel ……………………………… 11
7.11 Governor ……………………………..... 11

8. FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

8.1 Introduction 12-14
8.2 Suction Stroke …………………………………… 12
8.3 Compression Stroke ………………………………. 12
8.4 Working Stroke …………………………………… 12
8.5 Exhaust Stroke ……………………………………. 12
8.6 Two Stroke Diesel Engine Introduction……………. 13
8.7 Upward Stroke Of The Piston
(Suction Compression)………………….. 14
 8.8 Downward Stroke(Power Exhaust)…………………. 14

9. GEARS

9.1 Type Of Gears……………………………. 15-21

9.1.1 Spurs Gears……………………….. 16
9.1.2 Helical Gears …………………….. 17
9.1.3 Bevel Gears ………………………. 18
9.1.4 And worm Gears …………………. 19

9.2 Gear Box Design……………………. 21

9.3 Turning Radius……………………… 22
9.4 Differential…………………………. 23-24
9.4.1 Parts Of Differential…………… 23
9.4.2 Pinion Drive Gear……………… 23
9.4.3 Ring Gear……………………… 23
9.4.4 Differential Case Assembly…….. 23
9.4.5 Rear Drive Axles…………… 23
9.4.6 Axle housing …………….. 24
9.5 power flow…………………………………. 24
9.6 Function …………………………………… 24

10. CONCLUSION………………………………… 25
 CHAPTER-1

Introduction of company:

Fig.No.1(Company profile)
Jamkash Trucking Pvt. Ltd., and a company of the renowned Vehicleades group. It has emerged
of the highest overall market holder of the commercial vehicle market in Punjab, Himachal
besides Jammu and Kashmir.

Jamkash Vehicleades Pvt Ltd, a Tata Motors authorized dealership is situated on the By Pass
opposite Radisson Blu, Near Narwal Chowk. It commenced business on 2016 in Jammu ad its
head office at Vijaypur and has been providing the best possible services always to its valued
customers and consequently the dealership acquired inevitable position amongst contemporary
dealers. In order to reach out to the customers in the City, Jamkash Trucking has opened its
City outlets at Narwal Chowk and reach to the interior rural areas we have E-outlets (Extension
Outlets) at Rajouri and R.S Pura and more such E-outlets are under consideration for future
expansion.

The Vehicleades Group is spread across 4 states (New Delhi, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and
J&K) and 17 locations. It sells more than 16,000 cars and services more than 125000 cars
annually.
 Major Strengths of Jamkash Vehicleades Pvt Ltd
 Jamkash Vehicleades Pvt Ltd. is also a leading dealer of Tata Commercial Vehicles in
North India operating in the states of Punjab, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh and J&K with
3S facilities (Sales, Service & Spares) under the brand name of TATA with world class
Showrooms and state of the art Workshops and Bodyshops.

 Jamkash Trucking Pvt. Ltd. and a company of the renowned Vehicleades group. It has
emerged of the highest overall market holder of the commercial vehicle market in Punjab,
Himachal besides Jammu and Kashmir.

 Jamkash Trucking Pvt. Ltd. is having a dedicated team of 400 employees who are totally
dedicated, disciplined, well Trained and highly professional in their respective fields.

 Jamkash Trucking together with Tata Motors providing sales and services to the brand for
the past 3 years in Jammu & Kashmir. Gaining customer confidence in the Jammu market,
today Jamkash Trucking is rapidly moving forward on the new opening of outlets in
Udhampur, Kathua, Rajouri and Poonch on strength to driven and recognized as a quality
service provider.

 With the expansion of our dealer network, one of our prime goals is to quality improvement
and timely delivery to our clients has to be a priority.

 It’s a matter of pride that the fledging Tata motors dealership of Jammu, Jamkash Trucking
Pvt. Ltd. bagged to prestigious awards a spokes of the Vehicleades of the group.
 CHAPTER-2

OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING

 Experience the discipline of working in a professional engineering organisation

 Develop understanding of the functioning and organisation of a business

 Interact with other professional and non-professional groups

 Apply engineering methods such as design and problem solving

 Develop technical, interpersonal and communication skills, both oral and written

 Industrial training also gives employers an opportunity to assess future employees.

 CHAPTER-3

VISION , MISSION AND VALUES OF COMPANY

COMPANY’S VISION:
Jamkash Trucking has three interconnected guidelines which form the pillars for our success.
First, employees must be satisfied in their work and be happy at the workplace. Secondly, the
business must be profitable to ensure long-term viability and to contribute as a corporate citizen
to the community; and thirdly, we must earn our customer’s trust and loyalty by providing
superior customer service and quality products.

COMPANY’S MISSION:
Our Mission is to provide an experience to each and every customer that is beyond their
expectations in a friendly, professional and efficient manner, creating true consumer value.
We will treat our customers as we would our family, helping them meet their transportation
needs.
By achieving our goal, we can create an environment which fosters continued growth and
recognises the contributions of our employees and we will encourage our team members to
succeed and to improve themselves. We will create a fun, friendly and family atmosphere.
We will create and maintain a presence in the community. We will be active in local and
regional organisations and activities. We want to be your life-long provider of vehicle sales
and service products. We are “Dedicated to Quality, Committed to Excellence.”

COMPANY’S VALUES:
Customer focus/quality of work, to the mutual benefit of the customer, the dealership and the
employee. Caring about the business and anticipating customer needs is crucial to success!
Our Vision, Mission, & Value Statements should be posted throughout the dealership as well
as highlighted on the website of Centralian Motors.
Record the no.of machine open
 CHAPTER-4

WORKING PROCEDURE OF WORKSHOP

For all your vehicle maintenance and repair needs, we have a network of Tata Motors
authorized workshops spread across India. A Tata Authorized workshop gives you best-in-
class service for your Tata vehicle. Few key benefits are highlighted below:

 State-of-the-art pneumatically automated service center

 State-of-the-art diagnostic system, available only with authorized network to ensure
accurate diagnosis and best performance of your vehicle
 Qualified and trained technicians, team leaders, service advisors, expert
diagnosticians and trainers and customer relationship officers

 100% assurance – Only genuine spare parts used

 Warranty, AMC and extended warranty facility
 Specially blended lubricants approved by Tata Motors for your car
 6 months warranty on workmanship for all kinds of repairs*
 6 months warranty on spare parts*
 Comprehensive AC repairs conducted using modern AC charging machines
 Tata motors insurance policy and claims facility

 Best-in-industry market competitive labour charges

 Computerized wheel aligners and balancers with product alignment readings
 Tata motors-approved value added products like anti-rust, interior and exterior
enrichment
 Road Side Assistance facility
 Comprehensive accidental repairs conducted by experts with long lasting paints
 CHAPTER-5
WORKING PROCEDURE OF PAINT AND BODYSHOP

In case your car meets with an accident, we have a pan India network of Tata Motors
Authorized Body and Paint Workshops to take care of it. A Tata Authorized workshop gives
you best-in-class repairs for your Tata vehicle and makes it road worthy. Few key benefits are
highlighted below:

 Only best practices are followed in the Body and Paint workshop at the dealership

 The workshops help to maintain the OEM standard while repairing the vehicle

 We have the best-in-class infrastructure with the latest tools and equipments

 We will ensure the highest quality of repairs

 We have a cashless tie up with all major insurance companies ensuring that you have
a hassle-free repair and insurance process

 We are backed by Tata Motors Insurance – one stop solution for all renewals, claim
processing etc.

 We provide quick delivery of the vehicle with a very low turnaround time
 CHAPTER-6
RESPONSIVE SERVICE

The promise of ‘Tata Motors Service’ is to bring speedy assistance to customers when in
need. Under this promise, Tata Motors has following 4 offerings:

Speed-O-Service
Speed -O- Service aims to provide service to the
customers with shortest turnaround time (90 mins) for
scheduled services & minor repairs of their vehicles.
This Speed-O-Service process is designed to help in :
o Reducing waiting period for getting
appointments for schedule service of the
vehicle
o Ensuring quick, timely & same day
delivery of your vehicle

Online Service
In order to provide convenient and hassle free service to our customers, we bring you this
facility of booking your service online. We want to make sure that you can book your service
from anywhere, anytime and at a workshop of your choice.
Doorstep Service
Tata Motors Service
brings you a Unique
Service experience in the
form of Door Step
Service (DSS).
The Door Step Service
Van is a self-sustained
standalone workshop-on-
wheels equipped with all
the necessary workshop tools and equipments which are required to perform scheduled
services & minor repairs on your vehicle. To ensure that our customers enjoy the Tata Motors
Service at their convenience, the DSS Van will actually come to a location comfortable for
the customer and get the repairs done.
*Currently, this service is available only in select cities with prior appointment. Please check
with your local dealer for more details.

Quick Repair
If your vehicle needs minor repairs like a bulb change, fuse repairs or even flat tyre
replacement, feel free to drop by our workshop and get the same resolved within 30 minutes.
We have dedicated bays in the workshop to fulfill our promise.
 CHAPTER-6

MAIN PARTS OF I.C. ENGINE

 Cylinder

 Piston

 Piston ring

 Piston pin

 Connecting rod

 Crank shaft

 Crankcase

 Engine bearing

 cam shaft

 fly wheel

 Governor

CYLINDER:
The cylinder of an IC engine constitutes the basic and supporting portion of the engine power
unit. Its major function is to provide space in which the piston can operate to draw in the fuel
mixture or air (depending upon spark ignition or compression ignition), compress it, allow it
to expand and thus generate power. The cylinder is usually made of high-grade cast iron. In
some cases, to give greater strength and wear resistance with less weight, chromium, nickel
and molybdenum are added to the cast iron.

PISTON:
The piston of an engine is the first part to begin movement and to transmit power to the
crankshaft as a result of the pressure and energy generated by the combustion of the fuel. The
piston is closed at one end and open on the other end to permit direct attachment of the
connecting rod and its free action. The materials used for pistons are grey cast iron, cast steel
and aluminium alloy. However,the modern trend is to use only aluminium alloy pistons in the
tractor engine.
 Fig.2.1

Fig.2.2

Fig.2.Main parts of I.C. Engine

PISTON RING:
These are made of cast iron on account of their ability to retain bearing qualities and elasticity
indefinitely. The primary function of the piston rings is to retain compression and at the same
time reduce the cylinder wall and piston wall contact area to a minimum, thus reducing friction
losses and excessive wear. The other important functions of piston rings are the control of the
lubricating oil, cylinder lubrication, and transmission of heat away from the piston and from
the cylinder walls. Piston rings are classed as compression rings and oil rings depending on
their function and location on the piston. Compression rings are usually plain one-piece rings
and are always placed in the groove nearest the piston head. Oil rings are grooved or slotted
and are located either in the lowest groove above the piston pin or in a groove near the piston
skirt. Their function is to control the distribution of the lubricating oil to the cylinder and piston
surface in order to prevent unnecessary or excessive oil consumption.

PISTON PIN:
The connecting rod is connected to the piston through the piston pin. It is made of case hardened
alloy steel with precision finish. There are three different methods to connect the piston to the
connecting rod.

CONNECTING ROD:
This is the connection between the piston and crankshaft. The end connecting the piston is
known as small end and the other end is known as big end. The big end has two halves of a
bearing bolted together. The connecting rod is made of drop forged steel and the section is of
the I-beam type.

CRANK SHAFT:
This is connected to the piston through the connecting rod and converts the linear motion of
the piston into the rotational motion of the flywheel. The journals of the crankshaft are
supported on main bearings, housed in the crankcase. Counter-weights and the flywheel bolted
to the crankshaft help in the smooth running of the engine.

CRANKCASE:
The main body of the engine of which the cylinders are attached and which contains the
crankshaft and crankshaft bearing is called crankcase.

ENGINE BEARING:
The crankshaft and camshaft are supported on anti-friction bearings. These bearings must be
capable of with standing high speed, heavy load and high temperatures. Normally, cadmium,
silver or copper lead is coated on a steel back to give the above characteristics. For single
cylinder vertical/horizontal engines, the present trend is to use ball bearings in place of main
bearings of the thin shell type.
CAM SHAFT:
The valves are operated by the action of the camshaft, which has separate cams for the inlet,
and exhaust valves. The cam lifts the valve against the pressure of the spring and as soon as it
changes position the spring closes the valve. The cam gets drive through either the gear or
sprocket and chain system from the crankshaft. It rotates at half the speed of the camshaft.

FLYWHEEL:
This is usually made of cast iron and its primary function is to maintain uniform engine speed
by carrying the crankshaft through the intervals when it is not receiving power from a piston.
The size of the flywheel varies with the number of cylinders and the type and size of the engine.
It also helps in balancing rotating masses.

GOVERNOR:
A device for regulating automatically output of a machine by regulating the supply of working
fluid. When the speed decreases due to increase in load the supply valve is opened mechanism
operated by governor and the engine therefore speeds up again to its original speed. Thus the
function of a governor is to control the fluctuations of engine speed due to changes of load.
 CHAPTER-5

FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

Introduction:

The cycle of operation in a four stroke diesel engine is completed in two revolutions of
crankshaft or four strokes of piston using diesel oil as fuel. This engine works on diesel cycle.

1. Suction Stroke:

Starting of engine is done by an electric motor or manually. In both cases the energy is supplied
to the engine. In this stroke the inlet valve opens and the outlet valve remains closed. Piston
moves from T.D.C. to B.D.C. and in this way a vacuum is created in the cylinder. This vacuum
is filled by air alone and piston reaches to B.D.C.

2. Compression Stroke:

Both valves are closed. This time piston moves from B.D.C. to T.D.C. Air is compressed in
this stroke up to a compression ratio of 15:1 to 22:1 and a very high temperature is produced
due to high pressure. The high temperature is the only cause of combustion of the fuel. The
piston takes the power in this stroke from the flywheel. During this stroke the pressure and
temperature attain a high value of 40 to 60 bar and 600º C to 700º C

Fig.3.Four stroke diesel engine

3. Working Stroke:
At the end of compression stroke or when the piston reaches the T.D.C. position, a fine spray
of diesel is injected in the cylinder through injector. The fuel burns by the heat of compressed
air and due to its burning the power is produced. This power pushes the piston downward i.e.
from T.D.C. to B.D.C. The excess energy of the piston is stored in the flywheel of the engine,
which is further used for the remaining three strokes of the engine. The reciprocating motion
of the piston is converted into the rotary motion of the crankshaft by connecting rod and crank.
During expansion the pressure drops due to increase in volume of gases and absorption of heat
by cylinder walls.

4. Exhaust Stroke:
The exhaust valve begins to open when about 85% of the working stroke is completed. The
force of piston coming from B.D.C. to T.D.C. forces the burnt gases into the exhaust manifold.
Some of the gases are forced out due to higher pressure in the cylinder and the remaining gases
are forced out by the piston. Some of the burnt gases are however left inside the clearance
space. The exhaust valve closes shortly after T.D.C. The inlet valve opens slightly before the
end of exhaust and in this way the cycle repeats.

TWO STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

Introduction:
In two stroke diesel engines, the whole sequence of events i.e., suction, compression, power
and exhaust are completed in two strokes of the piston i.e. one revolution of the crankshaft.
There is no valve in this type of engine. Gas movement takes place through holes called ports
in the cylinder. The crankcase of the engine is air tight in which the crankshaft rotates.

1. Upward stroke of the piston (Suction + Compression):

When the piston moves upward it covers two of the ports, the exhaust port and transfer port,
which are normally almost opposite to each other. This traps the charge of air- fuel mixture
drawn already in to the cylinder. Further upward movement of the piston compresses the charge
and also uncovers the suction port. Now fresh mixture is drawn through this port into the
crankcase. Just before the end of this stroke, the mixture in the cylinder is ignited by carburator.
Thus, during this stroke both suction and compression events are completed.

2. Downward stroke (Power + Exhaust):

Burning of the fuel rises the temperature and pressure of the gases which forces the piston to
move down the cylinder. When the piston moves down, it closes the suction port, trapping the
fresh charge drawn into the crankcase during the previous upward stroke. Further downward
movement of the piston uncovers first the exhaust port and then the transfer port. Now fresh
charge in the crankcase moves in to the cylinder through the transfer port driving out the burnt
gases through the exhaust port. Special shaped piston crown deflect the incoming mixture up
around the cylinder so that it can help in driving out the exhaust gases .During the downward
stroke of the piston power and exhaust events are completed.
 CHAPTER-6

GEARS

What we need to Know about them.

1. Type of gears
2. Terminologies or nomenclatures
3. Forces transmitted
4. Design of a gear box
 TYPE OF GEARS

 Spurs
 Helical
 Bevel
 And Worm Gears
 Spur Gears

Are used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts

 Helical Gears
Are used in transmitting torque between parallel shafts

Gears

Are used in transmitting torques between parallel or

non parallel shafts, they are not as noisy as spur gears
 Bevel Gears
Are used to transmit rotary motion between intersecting shafts.

Teeth are formed on conical surfaces, the teeth could be straight or spiral.
 Worm Gears




 Are used for transmitting motion between non parallel and non transmitting shafts,
Depending on the number of teeth engaged called single or double.
 Worm gear mostly used when speed ratio is quiet high, 3 or m










6.5 GEAR BOX DESIGN:
6.6 TURNING RADIUS

 When turning, outside wheel must travel in wider arc than inside wheel

 Turning radius
–alignment angle that controls arc traveled
–Also called Ackermann angle

Tires toe out during turn

Fig.13.Wheel alignment
 CHAPTER-8

DIFFERENTIAL

Parts of Differential:

Pinion Drive Gear: transfers power from the driveshaft to the ring gear.

Ring Gear: transfers power to the Differential case assembly.

Differential case assembly: holds the Ring gear and other components that drive the rear
axle.

Rear drive axles: steel shafts that transfer torque from the differential assembly to the
drive wheels.

Rear axle bearings: ball or roller bearings that fit between the axles and the inside of the
axle housing.

Axle housing: metal body that encloses and supports parts of the rear axle assembly.

Fig.14.Parts of Differential
Power flow: Gove

 Drive shaft spins the Pinion gear.

 Pinion gear turns the larger ring gear to produce gear reduction.

 Ring gear attached to differential case, hence it rotates with the ring gear.

 Differential case spins the sun gears which are attached to the axles.

 Axles transfer the power to the wheels.

Function:

 Transfers power from driveshaft to the wheels.

 Provides final gear reduction.

 Splits amount of torque going to each wheel.

 Allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds in turns.

 CONCLUSION

Hence I have completed my Industrial training, so I am satisfying my complete working

method. In the training period I am taking lot of information about practically in my related
field. Very large improvement of knowledge about machine which are used in the company,
cleared the practically problems. In the training period uses tools which different types.

The obtained results show good for me it’s so helpful me & my career.

I have studied & worked in these all the machining operation that’s so important for me.