A2 test Respiration and Photosynthesis January (60 minutes)

Name______________________________
Section 1 answer all questions in the spaces provided
1. The graph shows the absorption of different wavelengths of light by three photosynthetic pigments in a red seaweed.

(a) (i) Describe what the graph shows about the properties of chlorophyll a.
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(ii) Describe the part played by chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
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(b) The red seaweed lives under water at a depth of 2 metres. Suggest an advantage to the
red seaweed of having other pigments in addition to chlorophyll a.
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2 (a) Complete the table below to show four major differences between the Krebs cycle and the Calvin cycle.

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(b) Compare the fate of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration in yeast and mammalian cells. [3]
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(c) Explain why, in the absence of oxygen, the electron transfer chain in the mitochondria does not operate. [2]
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3 Fig. 2.1 is an electron micrograph showing the main structural features of a mitochondrion insection.

(a) Indicate clearly on the diagram where:

(i) oxidative phosphorylation occurs (ii) Krebs cycle occurs. [2]
(b) Describe two ways in which the structure of the mitochondrion is adapted for oxidative phosphorylation.

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(c) Explain how the lack of oxygen will affect the respiratory processes in the mitochondria.
References to processes in the cytoplasm are not required.
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Section 2 Essay questions answer all questions on separate sheets and attach
3 (a) Describe the main features of the Krebs Cycle. [9] (b) Explain the role of NAD in aerobic respiration. [6]

4 (a) Outline the main features of the Calvin Cycle. [9] (b) Explain the role of NADP in photosynthesis. [6]

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 Crackpot Photosynthesis Test.
There are 40 errors in the paragraph below underline each error (40 marks)

Protons of green and yellow light are most effective in photosynthesis. They are absorbed by

molecules of water embedded in the stromal membranes of the mitochondria. Groups of these pigments

make up fixation-systems I & II. The energy from each photon absorbed by system I creates an excited

moron which passes to a chain of carriers, and is replaced by removing one from a water molecule,

which is split in the process. This splitting of hairs is called hydrolysis and releases two NADP+ ions as

well as half a glucose molecule.

Meanwhile, as the moron passes along its chain of carriers, enough energy is released to generate

RuBP – a process called photodissociation. This doesn’t happen directly, but by pumping NADP+ ions

across the thylakoid membrane, and allowing them back via a ‘phosphorylase’ complex: this is called

the crackpot model. Another photon (absorbed by fixation-system II) boosts the moron to a sufficient

energy for it to reduce ATP to ADP.

These products (RuBP and ADP) then pass to the dark stages, which occur in the matrix of the

mitochondria. Here, nitrogen fixation occurs via a 9-C acceptor molecule called GP. As soon as the

NO2 has bound to it, it breaks into two 5-C molecules of TP. These are then oxidised by RuBP to form

plasticine, which also requires energy provided by ATP. Only one tenth of the plasticine can be used to

make useful organic molecules, the rest must be recycled to regenerate the acceptor molecule, which

again requires ATP energy from the light dependent stage.

Respiration MCQ(22 marks)

1.

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Respiration occurs; a. in microorganisms, mostly. b. in all living things. c. during the day but not at night. d. at night but
not during the day.

2. Cyanide blocks the respiratory electron-transport chain. As a result a.electrons and hydrogens cannot flow from NADre
to oxygen. b. three ATPs are produced for every pair of electrons. c. production of water increases. d.the Krebs cycle
speeds up.

3. Which metabolic pathway is a common pathway to both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism? a. The electron transport
chain. b. The Krebs cycle. c. The oxidation of pyruvic acid. d. glycolysis

4. When a muscle cell is metabolizing glucose in the complete absence of molecular oxygen, which one of the following
substances in not produced? a.ATP b. pyruvic acid c. lactic acid d. acetyl-CoA

5. The complete oxidation of one glucose molecule produces ___ molecules of ATP. a. 3 b. 8 c. 38 d. 42

6. What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? a.oxygen and lactic acid b.carbon dioxide and water c
.glucose and oxygen d.water and glucose

7. Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of a.2 ATP molecules. b.4 ATP molecules. c.18 ATP molecules. d.36 ATP
molecules.

8. The starting molecule for glycolysis is a. ADP. b. pyruvic acid. c. citric acid. d. glucose.

9. Which of the following acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration? a.NAD+ b.pyruvic acid c.ADP d.ATP

10. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in a.bread dough. b.any environment containing oxygen. c.muscle cells.
d.mitochondria.

11. The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires a.alcohol. b.oxygen. c.ATP. d.NADH.

12. The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make a.lactic acid. b.citric acid
.c.alcohol. d.ATP.

13. Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of a.making more citric acid .b.repaying an oxygen debt
.c.restarting glycolysis .d.recharging the electron transport chain.

14. The energy needed to win a 2-minute footrace is produced mostly by a.lactic acid fermentation. b.cellular respiration.
c.using up stores of ATP. d.breaking down fats.

15. Which statement mainly explains why even well-conditioned athletes have to pace themselves for athletic events that
last several hours? a.Lactic acid fermentation can cause muscle soreness .b.Heavy breathing is needed to get rid of lactic
acid. c.Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does. d.all of the above

16. All of the following are sources of energy during exercise EXCEPT a.stored ATP .b.alcoholic fermentation. c.lactic
acid fermentation .d.cellular respiration.

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17. The products of photosynthesis are the
a.products of cellular respiration.b.reactants of cellular respiration.c.products of glycolysis.d.reactants of fermentation.

18. Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? a.fermentation b.electron transport tc.glycolysis
d.Krebs cycle

19. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? a.glycolysis ® fermentation ® Krebs
cycle b.Krebs cycle ® electron transport ® glycolysisc.glycolysis ® Krebs cycle ® electron transport d.Krebs cycle ®
glycolysis ® electron transport

20. Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? a.glycolysis b.electron transport c.Krebs cycle d.all of
the above

21. The electron transport chain can be found in a.prokaryotes .b.animals .c.plants. d. all of the above

22. Which of the following passes high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain? a. NADH and FADH2 b. ATP
and ADP c. citric acid d. acetyl – CoA