Unit 4 Study Guide

Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences. It will be due Friday, November
30th (test day).
1. Name two ways to increase gravity. Name two ways to decrease gravity.
2. Fill out the chart below by placing an “x” in the box that best fits the scenario:
Scenario Gravity increases Gravity decreases
Two planets decrease their distance between each other
Each planet increases their mass by 50 kg
Two planets are moved backwards 50 m
Each planet lowers their mass by 20 kg

Use the data table below to help you answer question 3.

3. If each planet were the same distance apart, which two planets would have the greatest gravitational
attraction to each other? Why?
Use the image below to help you answer question 4.

4. Each pair of planets experiences a gravitational attraction. Which pair of planets (A, B, or C) would have the
most gravitational attraction? Why?
5. Describe two differences between mass and weight.
Use the data table below to help you answer question 6.

6. On which planet would you weigh the most? On which planet would you weigh the least?
7. Manuel has a mass of 3,000 g and weighs 30 N. If Manuel traveled to the moon, would his mass increase,
decrease, or remain the same? How about his weight? Explain why for each.
8. Why do the planets revolve around the sun?
9. According to what we have talked about in class, describe how the sun formed. Be specific.
10. Fill in the blanks: during nuclear fusion in the sun ___________ atoms combine to form __________
atoms.
11. Describe how the planets formed. Be specific.
12. Name two differences between the inner and outer planets.
13. A new students has joined our class, explain in detail how to interpret a HR diagram.
14. What is the difference between a telescope and a Hubble telescope?
15. Explain the differences in terms of frequency, distance, and wavelength between red shift and blue shift.
16. Our universe is currently experiencing red shift. Does that mean that planets and other galaxies are moving
towards us or away from us? Explain what possible forms of evidence scientists could have for this.
17. Draw a model to represent blue shift. Draw a model to represent red shift. Be sure to label which model is
blue shift and which one is red shift.
Use the diagram below to help you answer questions 18-20.

18. Explain the differences in terms of mass, temperature, and luminosity between Barnard’s star and Spica.
19. Mrs. Koester’s star is more luminous than Procyon B, but not as massive as the sun. Draw and label Mrs.
Koester’s star on the HR diagram.
20. Compare and contrast the stars Altair and Deneb.