ELE –1003 ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP TUTORIAL -01 SOLUTIONS - FEB 2006

I
(a) Define (i) a “radial” circuit

(ii) a “ring” circuit

[4 marks]

(b) A ring main cable supplies loads “B” and “C” from a 240 V supply at point
“A” as shown in the figure 1.1 below. The cable lengths are indicated on the
diagram and the cable resistance (both live and neutral) is 0.25 Ώ per 1000 meter

Find: (i) the current in each section of the ring main

(ii) the voltage at loads B and C and the supply current
[ 12 marks]

70 A load 50 A load

40 m
B C

30 m 10 m

80 m
A

240 V supply
Figure 1.1

(c) The Electrical code states the following: “For a domestic cooking appliance
The current assessment is: The first 10A of the rated current plus 30 per cent of the
remainder of the rated current plus 5A if a socket outlet is incorporated in the
cooker control unit”

Determine the circuit rating for a 240V, 12 KW cooker controlled by a unit having
a 13A socket outlet incorporated
 [ 9 marks]
Question 2

(a) Using well-drawn and labeled diagram, explain the construction and operation of a
fluorescent lamp. What is the purpose of each of the two capacitors normally used
in this circuit?

[8+2 marks]
Question 3

(a) What has the regulation got to say about:

(i) Control of supply to consumers installation

Every installation connected to a source of supply must have a means of isolation
and control suitable place and accessible to the users. This system should offer
isolation to excess current protection and earth leakage protection.
(ii) Means of isolation

The means of isolation must be so connected that it break all live conductors
simultaneously. If the connection in the neutral it must be so arranged that the
live and neutral conductors are broken simultaneously as shown below in
figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1

(iii) Detached buildings

Every detached building connected to a source of supply must have its own means
of isolation and control as shown in figure 3.2 below.

Supply

Isolation & Control

Main
Deteched
 Figure 3.2

Question 4

(a). For the layout diagram below prepare a detail material and tool list for a given
design. A Surface PVC cable B. Surface PVC conduit C. Flush PVC Conduit.

36 “ Key

110 V/ 60 W Lamp

220 V/ 15 A Outlet
24 “
Main

SPST Switch

Given a system of wiring from your instructor ie. (A, B or C), Prepare your
material list and implement your design.

Question 5

An electric iron is designed to operate on a 110 V supply. But the iron is

connected to a 120V supply.

Calculate:

(a) The percentage increase in heat energy developed in the iron

 2
V1 110
2
Riron    14.23
P 850

2
V2 ( 120)  ( 850)
2
Pnew    1011.6W
R 110
2

% Increase in Power  Pnew Pold  1011.6 850

 161.6W  19 %

(b) The resistance necessary so that the iron can operate properly on the 120V supply

V1 110
I    7.73 A
R 14.23

V2 V1 120 110
Radd    1.3 
I 7.73

(c ) Draw a circuit diagram of the new arrangement, given that the rating of the iron is
110 V and 850 watts

Radd = 1.3 Ώ
I =7.73A
Vdrop = 10 V

120 V ~ Viron = 110 V iron filament

Question 6

(a) Explain how you can use a VOM to carry out a polarity test on the circuit below
In figure 6.1
Procedures are as follows:

(i) Disconnect supply and open the switch

(ii) Set meter to ohms scale
(iii) Connect one meter leads to “live” conductor ‘ L” and the other to the center pole of
the lamp as shown in figure 6.2 ,meter should read “”
(iv) Close switch with meter leads in the same position meter should read zero.
(v) Connect one meter leads to “neutral” conductor “N” and the other to the center pole
of the lamp as shown in figure 6.3 , meter should read zero.

L Switch

o 
+ - Lamp

N
Figure 6.2 Polarity check for live wire connection

L Switch

o 
+ - Lamp

N
Figure 6.3 Polarity check for neutral wire connection

(b) An ammeter has an internal resistance of 0.025 Ώ and take a full scale deflecting
current of 30 μ A.

(i) The resistance necessary to convert this instrument to measure 10 A dc

Since the meter can only carry 30 μ A and we require the circuit to measure 10 A
the we must connect a shunt resistance to carry 10A - 30 μ A. which is 9.99997 A
as shown in figure 6.4 below

A -meter
30 μ A 0.025 Ώ
10A
Ishunt = 9.99997 A

Rshunt
Figure 6.4
 Rmeter  IT
By current divider rule Ishunt 
Rmeter Rshunt

( 0.025)  ( 10)
which implies that 9.99978 
0.025 Rshunt

0.25 0.24999925
7.5 x 10 
8
from which Rshunt  
9.99997

Ifsd Rmeter 30 x 10  ( 0.025)

6
7.5 x 10 
8
or R   
Ishunt 9.99997

(ii) The resistance necessary to convert this instrument to measure 250V dc

Since the meter can only carry 30 μ A and we require the max current at 250 V is
30 μ A. then we must connect a resistance in series with the 0.025 Ώ of the meter
such that I = V/ (Radd +Rmeter ) = 30 μ A as shown in figure 6.5 below

V -meter
Radd 30 μ A 0.025 Ώ

Vd = 249.999V Vm= 0. 75 μ V

250 V

Figure 6.5

V
Ifsd 
Radd Rmeter

V Ifsd Rmeter 250 30 x 10

6
x 0.025
Radd  
Ifsd 30 x 0
6

8.33 x 10 
6
Radd   8.6 M

Question 7

(a) Draw the cross section of a three core pvc cable and identify the main parts.

(b) For the circuit below determine the current in each section of the cable, ante voltages
 at A, B, and C.

0.06 Ώ A 0. 08 Ώ B 0.085 Ώ C

240 V 40 A 50 A 30 A

Question 8

For the items listed below give both the layout and wiring symbols. Briefly
explain the function of each in electrical installations.

1. fuse
2. distribution board (panel)
3. 2-way switch
4. filament lamp
5. convenience outlet ll0V/5A

Question 9

Explain with the aid of diagrams how electromagnetic relays operate.

Draw a detail circuit diagram showing how you can use a 12V dc relay to control
three 100W 240V incandescent lamps. Two lamps in parallel must be on when
the relay is energized. The other lamp must be on when the relay is dc-energized

[ 12 marks

Question 10

(a) Define the terms ‘dead’ and earth as applied to electrical installations.

(b) What factors must be considered when selecting cables/conductors for a

particular task.

Question 11

(a) A distribution system is fed from both ends as shown in figure 11.1.
Given that the line resistance send and return is 0.0025 per meter and the
currents and distances are as shown in figure 11.1

Determine

(i) The magnitude and direction of current in each source.

(ii) The current in each section of the line.
 20m 53m 45m 40m

208V 205V

30A30o 65A -45o 105A0o

Figure 11.1

(b) Using neat diagrams show how you can use a VOM to test a 110V/12V, 60W,
50Hz transformer. State the results expected for a good transformer.

(c) The colour code on a resistor is Black, Yellow, Green and Gold. Estimate its
value using the colour code and show how this value can be checked by the
Voltmeter, Ammeter method.

(12,8,5)
Question 12

(a) Given that a moving coil ammeter has an internal resistance of 0.315 and
a full scale deflection of 32 mA, determine the value of resistance needed to
convert the instrument to measure:

(i) 100A dc

(ii) 150V dc
Draw suitable wiring diagrams in each case.

(b) You are required to connect a 30Hp, 3, 440V, 50Hz motor to a source of supply.
If the motor is located 10m from the source, and we assume a starting current of
two times running current. Determine the minimum size of cable and circuit
breaker for this installation.

(c ) List four advantages and two disadvantages of underground distribution systems

Question 13

(a) With the aid of suitable diagram explain the principle of operation of an
incandescent lamp. What is the advantage of this lamp over the fluorescent lamp?

The incandescent lamp has a filament which is heated red hot when current
passes through it and produces white light.

The advantage is that it does not produce strobscopic effect

Vacuum
Bulb
enclosed class
Filament

Treaded base

Contacts

Figure 13.1 Incandescent lamp

(b) A consist of the following:-

Table 13.0 residential load

Quantity Type of load

2 220 V / 40 A / 2  load

1 220V /10 KW, Electric store

12 110 V / 60 W lamps

6 220V, 250W Sodium Lamps

5 10 V /15 A outlets
L1

L2
220 V
N

110 V

2200 V - 40 A - 2 breaker

To load 1 To Load # 2

50 A Stove

10 A

12 -110 V lamps

Figure 2.3 Detail wiring diagram of the installation

 Draw a detail wiring diagram of the installation
 Assuming a distance of 5 m, use the table provided to select suitable conductors for the
main.
Show all calculations

Question 14

(a) A single phase motor takes 8.3A at a power factor of 0.866 lagging when connected to a
230V,50 Hz supply. Two similar capacitors are connected in parallel with each other to
form a capacitor bank. This capacitor bank is now connected in parallel with the motor
to raise the power factor to unity. Determine the capacitance of each capacitor.

(b) Design a full-wave rectifier to supply 12Vdc / 60W from a 110V supply, identifying all
the components used giving their function and specification.
(c) Explain using the human body as a resistance, the importance of earthing all metals that
are not current carrying conductors in an installation.

Question 15

What are the IEEE or JS21 regulation covering the following:

(a) The position of single pole switches.

(b) The position of fuses ,non-linked switches and non-linked circuit breakers.
(c) Isolation of equipment and apparatus.
(d) Addition to existing installation.
(e) Supply pressure exceeding 250 V.

Question 16

Draw a wiring diagram for a final sub-circuit serving:

(a) Three (3) lights, each controlled by a single pole switch.

(b) Two (2) lights, controlled by two (2) 2-way and one (1) intermediate switch..
(c) Two (2) 110 V/5A convenience outlets.

Question 17

IEE or JS21 regulation prescribe that consumer's main switch gear shall provide means
of interrupting the supply in the event of excess current or dangerous earth
leakage current Isolation. Describe equipment which will meet these requirements, and
show in each case how the regulation will be satisfied.

Question 18

Describe , with sketches, all of the following:

(a) Broad base receptacle.

(b) 110V/15 A convenience outlet 3-pin.
(c) Porcelain ceiling rose.
(d) PVC junction box.

For each of these accessory describe or state what particular qualities you would
demand.

Question 19
 Describe , with sketches, all of the following:

(a) State briefly both the main and secondary objectives of protective gears.

(b) Explain the purpose of the following:.

(i) a fuse.
(i) a no-volt release
(ii) an isolating switch
(iii) a contactor
(iv) a circuit breaker
(v) a field discharge switch
.
Question 20

(a) What is meant by the following

(i) earth - continuity conductor

(ii) earthing electrode
(iii) earthing leads

(b) Define a “ring” circuit.

(c) Give the minimum cable rating and maximum fuse rating for the following:
alternative arrangement of 13 A socket outlet

(i) Two (2) socket outlets as one sub-circuit

(ii) Six (6) socket outlets as one sub-circuit

(iii) Ring circuit in industrial premises

(iv) Ring circuit in a flat house

Question 21

(a) Using neat diagram, show how you can use a VOM to test a 110V/12V,
60 Watt, 50 Hz transformer.
State results expected for a good transformer.

(b) Make a neat sketch of the armature of a DC machine, identifying the main parts

(c) A single-phase motor take 8.3 A at a power factor of 8.866 lagging when connected
to a 230 V, 50Hz supply.
Two similar capacitors are connected in parallel with each
other to form a capacitor bank. This capacitor bank is now connected in parallel
with the motor to raised the power factor to unity.

Determine the capacitance value for each capacitor.

(b) Two (2) lights, controlled by two (2) 2-way and one (1) intermediate switch..
(c) Two (2) 110 V/5A convenience outlets.