Perimeter of a polygon:

A polygon is defined as a plane figure that is enclosed by closed path or a closed circle. Generally, perimeter is defined as
path that surrounds an area. The perimeter of a polygon is the sum of the lengths of its sides.
Types of Polygons
 Square  Triangle
 Rectangle  Rhombus
 Parallelogram  Trapezoid

LIST OF POLYGON SHAPES

Shape Description Illustration
Polygon A closed figure made of line segments each of which
intersects with exactly two other line segments.

Quadrilateral 4-sided polygon

Square A quadrilateral having all sides equal in length and

forming right angles.
Triangle A 3-sided polygon (sum of internal angles = 180°)

Rectangle A 4-sided polygon with all right angles.

Parallelogram 4-sided polygon with two pairs of parallel sides.

Pentagon 5-sided polygon

Hexagon 6-sided polygon

Heptagon 7-sided polygon

Octagon 8-sided polygon

Nonagon 9-sided polygon

Decagon 10-sided polygon

NOTES:
 Perimeters of square and rhombus are equal
 Perimeters of rectangle and parallelogram are equal
 Perimeters of polygons with more than six sides can be found using the similar perimeter formula.
 Heptagon (Polygon with seven sides) the perimeter is sum of the lengths of seven sides
 Octagon (Polygon with eight sides) the perimeter is sum of the lengths of eight sides
 Nenagon (Polygon with nine sides) the perimeter is sum of the lengths of nine sides
 Decagon (Polygon with ten sides) the perimeter is sum of the lengths of ten sides
SHAPES THAT ARE NOT CONSIDERED AS POLYGONS
The figure at the left is not a polygon, since it is not a closed figure.

The figure at the left is not a polygon, since it is not made of line segments.

The figure at the left is not a polygon, since its sides do not intersect in exactly two
places each.

REGULAR POLYGON
 A polygon that has all its sides equal with equal angles. The sum of the angles of a polygon with n sides,
where n is 3 or more, is 180° × (n - 2) degrees.
 Examples of regular polygons are: Equilateral triangle, Square and Rhombus
 Perimeter of Regular Polygon is given by: P = ns
Where n is the number of sides and s is the length of each side.
IRREGULAR POLYGON:
 A polygon that has sides which are not equal and whose interior angles are different is called an irregular
polygon.
 Perimeter of an irregular polygon is determined by simply
adding the length of each side together. The figures at the
right show polygons that are not considered to be regular
polygons.

SOLVING PERIMETER (REGULAR AND IRREGULAR POLYGON)

Example 1: Find the perimeter of the following figure
Solution:
AB = FE + DC = 5 + 5 = 10 cm
BC = AF + ED = 4 + 4 = 8 cm

P = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FA
P = 10 + 8 + 5 + 4 + 5 + 4
P = 36 cm
Example 2: Find the perimeter of regular decagon Example 3: Find the perimeter of dodecagon whose
whose side is 5cm side is 7cm.
Solution: Solution:
Number of sides in decagon (n) =10 and side s=5cm Number of sides in dodecagon (n) =12 and side s=7cm
Perimeter of decagon: Perimeter of dodecagon:
P = ns P = ns
P = 10 x 5 P = 12 x 7
P = 50 cm P = 84 cm
Example 4: Find the perimeter of the regular Example 5: What is the perimeter of a regular
pentagon which is having the side length is 4 cm. hexagon having side-length 3.5cm?
Solution: Solution:
We know that the perimeter of the regular polygon is Given that: s = 3.5cm.
given by: P = ns A regular hexagon has 6 sides of the same length.
Since pentagon has 5 sides, we have: n = 5 Hence, the perimeter of the regular hexagon is:
So the perimeter of the regular pentagon is 5 * 4 = 20 P = 6 * length
cm. P = 6 * 3.5
P = 21cm

DIAGONALS OF A POLYGON
A polygon's diagonals are line segments from one corner to another (but
not the edges).
SOLID FIGURES
Perimeter, Area, and Volume
1. The perimeter of a polygon (or any other closed curve, such as a circle) is the distance around the outside.
2. The area of a simple, closed, planar curve is the amount of space inside.
3. The volume of a solid 3D shape is the amount of space displaced by it.
NOTE: The answers have one, two, or three dimensions; perimeter is measured in linear units , area is
measured in square units , and volume is measured in cubic units.

SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME

Figure Surface Area (Grade 4) Volume (Grade 5)
Cube
SA = 6s or SA = 6 × s V = s3 or V=s×s×s

Where s is the measurement of side Where s is the measurement of side

Rectangular Prism SA = 2 x (LW + WH + LH) V=LxWxH

Where: Where:
L = length L = length
W = width W = width
H = height H = height

Cylinder
SA = 2𝝅r2 + 2𝝅rh or SA = (2 × r × r + 2 × r ×h) 𝝅 V = 𝝅r2 h or V = (r × r × h) 𝝅
Where: Where:
r = radius r = radius
h = height h = height

Cone
𝟏
SA = 𝝅rs + 𝝅r2 or SA = [(r x s) + (r x r )] 𝝅 V = 𝟑 𝝅r2 h or V = (r x r x h x 𝝅) ÷ 3
Where: Where:
r = radius r = radius
s = slanting height h = height

Sphere
𝟒
SA = 4𝝅r2 or SA = 4 x r x r x 𝝅 : V = 𝟑 𝝅r3 or V = (4 x r x r x r x 𝝅) ÷ 3
Where: Where:
r = radius r = radius