EXPERIMENT NO.

# 1

1. AIM :-To perform experiment on Potentiometer error detector

2. Required Apparatus
Study of Potentiometer as Error Detector (CE-19).

3. Theory:-

A potentiometer is an electromechanical transducer which converts the mechanical

displacement (energy) into electrical energy (voltage). It is also called error detecting.
Precision Potentiometer is simple rotary devices for obtaining shaft position information.
The most straight forward application is the conversion of mechanical position to a voltage.
Basically a precision potentiometer consists of a resistive element with a movable arm or
slider in contact with element. As the arm rotates, resistance varies between the end of the
resistive element can be made of wire, conductive film.

Potentiometers used for servomechanism are generally above 3/2 half inches in diameter.
Current technology provides other choice such as stability. Longer life and lower sensitivity
to environment. Potentiometers can be excited with alternating and direct current. Single
turn potentiometers have a rotation i.e. usually limited to 360 degrees.

A linear potentiometer produces a resistance change i.e. linearly related to shaft position.
A position of half rotation will produce 50 percent of maximum resistance an a position
third fourth rotation will produce 75 percent of maximum resistance.

Linearity is specified as the deviation of the actual resistance. This is called independent
linearity. Resolution in a potentiometer is minimum change of resistance output expressed
as percentage of its total resistance. It is dependent of the number of turns of the wire per
inch on the winding. Noise in the potentiometer appears as a spurious unwanted voltage.

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
5. PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the mains cord to the supply line.

2. You can study the potentiometer as transducer by measuring voltage across the
output points of the potentiometer and enter the readings in the following table.

Sr. No. Angular Position Output Voltage

3. Plot the graph for the above.

4. Now you can study the system as null detector by keeping left hand potentiometer
at zero degrees and treating it as reference, rotates the right hand potentiometer to
read the error directly on the DPM. Note that these are ten turn potentiometers.
5. You may also plot input position versus output position when meter is indiacting
null.

6. RESULT :- We have performed experiment and typical results for potentiometer as

error detector as follows

Sr. No. Angular Position Output Voltage

In Degree In mVolt

1 10 10

2 30 29

3 60 59

4 90 90

5 120 120

6 150 150

7 180 181
 8 210 211

9 240 240

10 270 269

11 300 299

12 330 329

13 360 359

7. LEARNING OBJECTIVE

1. What is transducer?

2. Explain different types of Transducer?

3. Which type of transducer is used for convert mechanical into electrical energy?

4. Which type of characteristic obtains between angular position and voltage?