Urban areas population concentration is one of the main aspects to be considered in water

resources management. Densely occupied regions usually present high water demands, both
for public and industrial supply, as well as for dilution and removal of pollutant loads.
Increasing urban and industrial pollution loads, associated with inadequate land use, erosion,
deforestation, indiscriminate use of agricultural inputs and mining have made water supply and
water quality conditions severe in many places. Among water quality control measures,
individual or collective sewage treatment before final disposal is usually the main - and often
the only - control strategy through which it is sought released pollutants concentrations
reduction to enable compliance with the watercourses quality standards recommended by
Brazilian environmental legislation.
Water is an indispensable resource in human life. Seventy percent of the earth is water.
Groundwater always is the main source of water for human life. However, not all water can
people use it. Although there is a large amount of water available, only 2.8 percent of human
development is available. As the population grows, freshwater resources become more and
more precious. In some parts of the world, some people live in severe water shortages.
Therefore, the recycling of waste water is more and more necessary.

Detailed proposal:
Water is the one of the crucial factors of human life and many other organism in the world. This will
be very important when it comes to water and small water[28]. Critical water challenges are
increasing due to low rains, increased demand for growing populations, reduced water resources, and
unprofessional water management practices [18]. Today, with the increasing shortage of global water
resources, the recycling of wastewater is an important way to solve this problem.
The sources of fresh water should be repairs or treatment of waste water treatment should be prepared
to provide sufficient water, replace sand with other materials to improve filtration efficiency[27].
Later the choice is important because different treatment techniques can be develop the place where
waste water can be treated and used in other aspects such as the garden and the bath. Sludge is an
important part of wastewater treatment, and it is very important to treat wastewater efficiently[30].In
addition drinking water treatment generally produces freshwater and wastewater that require
appropriate treatment method which include innovation on filtration system to remove impurities. On
the other hand, larger organizations also develop special WWT (Wastewater treatment). The use of
biological methods to remove harmful substances has become popular[29].The purpose of the
Wastewater Treatment Unit is to collect and treat harmful substances before returning to the
environment. Responsibility of wastewater staff includes: maintenance of the collection and treatment
system, customer complaints and customer problems and water quality monitoring and treatment
effectiveness [19].
The Wastewater Treatment System considers the various types of river problems and the selection of
appropriate treatment methods, as well as designing the equipment needed. Sewage or wastewater
treatment is produced by environmental, commercial, industrial, and industrial sites. It also call waste
water treatment plant as WWTP [31].The main goal of water treatment is to ensure that the water is
safe for drinking and not causing any disease by microorganisms
Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) is one of the most important assets of the community, with new
systems constantly improving growth of population and renewable systems due to increased water
supply.The effective WDSs planning process is a major task, involving multiple resolutions that are
uniformly interdependent networks and, at the same time, reducing the size, location, and operating
conditions of networks such as pipes , pumps, tanks, and Valves [31].This operation is very difficult
in terms of the process the problem involves a large number of criteria for the process to comply with
(for example, water quality), including additional goals based on the minimum economic estimate (eg,
firesdamage) and include many real-world life aspects(ie, lack of check, building construction) [32].
Today, a water system comprises infrastructure to collect, treat, store, and distribute water between
water sources and customers. Limited water resources, especially in the west of the United States, and
rapidly increasing population demand for new ways to manage the water system. The pollutants
produced by floating plants can be removed[26].The main purpose of the distribution system is to
reach customers with water quality, quality and efficiency. Distribution systems are used to describe
common water use systems to access resources as much as possible. With the rapid development of
industry, the type and quantity of waste water are increasing rapidly, and the pollution of water is
becoming more and more widespread and serious, which threatens the health and safety of human
beings. Environmental experts believe that industrial wastewater treatment is more important than
urban sewage treatment for environmental protection.
The chemical industry is of importance in terms of its impact on the environment. The wastewaters
from this industry are generally strong and may contain toxic pollutants. Chemical industrial wastes
usually contain organic and inorganic matter in varying degrees of concentration. It contains acids,
bases, toxic materials, and matter high in biological oxygen demand, color, and low in suspended
solids. Many materials in the chemical industry are toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic or simply hardly
biodegradable. Surfactants, emulsifiers and petroleum hydrocarbons that are being used in chemical
industry reduce performance efficiency of many treatment unit operations (EPA, 1998)

This proposal sits within a framework of water security for sustainable development in a changing
climate and aims to develop planning policy to strengthen policies and enforcement around illegal
contaminant that may cause ground water pollution.

To identify which sectors illegally access groundwater, including specific ways and proportion of
extraction

2. To identify volume/quantity of extraction per sector

3. To identify the specific reasons for illegal use of groundwater for each sector

4. To explore possible mechanism to address economic, technical political and social drivers of illegal
groundwater use
Great care should be exercised in recharge projects to prevent the aquifer treatment zones from
becoming future "Superfund" sites that will eventually have to be remediated to prevent aquifer
contamination from residual accumulated contaminants. Those operating recharge projects
could readily develop significant financial liabilities (i.e., become responsible parties) by
failing to provide sufficient pre-operational evaluation of near-term and long-term water
quality problems 6 associated with residual contaminants in the recharge waters that
accumulate within the aquifer. Because of the potential for groundwater recharge projects to
contaminate the aquifer with a variety of pollutants that can threaten groundwater quality, it is
important that in planning a groundwater recharge project adequate funding be set aside in a
dedicated trust fund of sufficient magnitude to generate in perpetuity the funds needed for post-
operational monitoring of the recharge project area.