VoIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol refers to sending voice and fax phone calls over data

networks, particularly the Internet. This technology offers cost savings by making more
efficient use of the existing network.

Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VOIP) is an emerging technology that allows telephone calls or

faxes to be transported over an IP data network. The IP network could be :-
A local area network in an office
A wide area network linking the sites of a large international organization
A corporate intranet
The internet
Any combination of the above

Most traditional phone networks use the Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN),this
system employs circuit-switched technology that requires a dedicated voice channel to be
assigned to each particular conversation. Messages are sent in analog format over this
network.

Today, phone networks are on a migration path to VoIP. A VoIP system employs a
packet-switched network, where the voice signal is digitized, compressed and packetized.This
compressed digital message no longer requires a voice channel.

When the Internet connection is an option, VoIP technology comes in quickly as an

alternative for communication purposes. VoIP is reliable, more flexible, serves more
purposes and at last but not least it is cheaper than using the mobile or PSTN
network for telephoning.
Android mobile devices have support for the Adobe Air environment that can be used
for building VoIP client applications with Ozeki VoIP SIP SDK.These solutions can be
made as easily as any other desktop applications, you only need to use a slightly
different programming environment and tools.
As voice and data network technologies merge, massive infrastructure cost savings can be
made as the need to provide separate networks for voice and data can be eliminated.

 Abstract

 Introduction
1 :- What is VoIP ?
2 :- How VoIP Works ?
3 :- What is SIP ?
3.1 :- How does it help to implement a VOIP in Android?
4:- How to Make VoIP Calls Through Your Android Phone ?
5 :- How VoIP Calls Work & Charged ?
6 :- VoIP on Android
7 :- Top 10 Android Apps for Free VoIP Calls
 Literature Review
1 :- VoIP Overview
2 :- Types of VoIP Services
3 :- Advantages
4 :- Disadvantages
5 :- Background Research

 Summary or Conclusions

VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol. It is also referred to as IP

Telephony, Internet Telephony, and Internet Calling. It is an alternative way of making
phone calls that can be very cheap or completely free. The ‘phone’ part is not always
present anymore, as you can communicate without a telephone set. VoIP has been
named the most successful technology of the last decade.

VoIP has a lot of advantages over the traditional phone system. The main reason for
which people are so massively turning to VoIP technology is the cost. In businesses,
VoIP is a way to cut down communication cost, add more features to communication
and interaction between employees and with customers so that to render the system
more efficient and of better quality. For individuals, VoIP is not only the things that
have revolutionized voice calling worldwide, but it is also a means to have fun
communicating through computers and mobile devices for free.

VoIP ( Voice over IP ) is a term used in IP telephony for a set of facilities for
managing the delivery of voice information using the Internet Protocol (IP). In general,
this means sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than in
the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network
(PSTN)

VoIP is packetisation and transport of classic public switched telephone system

audio over an IP network.
It allows 2-way voice transmission over broadband connection.
It is also called IP telephony, internet telephony, voice over broadband, broadband
telephony.

VoIP is enabled by a group of technologies and methodologies used to deliver voice

communications over the internet, enterprise local area networks or wide area
networks. VoIP endpoints include dedicated desktop VoIP
phones, softphone applications running on PCs and mobile devices,
and WebRTC-enabled browsers.
VoIP works by converting your analog voice into data packets (digital format), sending
them over your existing data network and reconverting them to voice at the destination.
The benefit of a digital format is that it can be controlled. It can be routed, modified,
condensed, expanded and saved. Digital signals are also more noise tolerant than
analog. This section will help you to understand the basic processes and functionalities
of VoIP.

VoIP uses codecs to encapsulate audio into data packets, transmit the packets across
an IP network and unencapsulate the packets back into audio at the other end of the
connection. By eliminating the use of circuit-switched networks for voice, VoIP reduces
network infrastructure costs, enables providers to deliver voice services over
their broadband and private networks, and allows enterprises to operate a single voice
and data network.
VoIP also piggybacks on the resiliency of IP-based networks by enabling
fast failoverfollowing outages and redundant communications between endpoints and
networks.

Converting the voice signal

► ADC (analog to digital)

► DAC (digital to analog)

Voice (source) - - ADC Internet DAC - - Voice (dest)

► Transmission of voice traffic in packets

The Session Initiation Protocol is a signaling protocol used for initiating,

maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions that include voice, video
and messaging applications.
Session Initiation Protocol, (SIP), is a powerful and efficient
communications protocol which can be used to send multimedia messages
to multiple parties - allowing people around the world to communicate over
the internet using their computers and mobile devices.

Unlike similar services, such as PBX trunks, SIP trunks can carry all forms of
media including voice, data, and video. As a result, SIP is usually preferred
by companies with numerous branches or remote workers, whose
employees depend heavily on multimedia communications.

Compared to VoIP and other similar systems, SIP systems can be more
difficult to set up and manage, making them most suitable for companies
with strong IT support.

A major difference between VoIP and SIP is their scope. VoIP is not a
discrete technology in its own right. Rather, it is actually a family of
technologies used within modern telecommunication networks, whereas
SIP is a signalling protocol used within the VoIP umbrella.

SIP Phones are also called VoIP Phones or Softphones. These are
telephones that use VoIP technologies for making calls over both an IP
Network or the traditional PSTN networks.
1.3.1 :- How does it help to implement a
VOIP in Android?
Android provides an API that supports the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP). This lets you add SIP-based internet telephony
features to your applications. Android includes a full SIP protocol
stack and integrated call management services that let
applications easily set up outgoing and incoming voice calls,
without having to manage sessions, transport-level
communication, or audio record or playback directly.
Here are examples of the types of applications that might use the
SIP API:
 Video conferencing.
 Instant messaging.
If you need to make or receive a voice call in an area that has marginal cell
service, you can still do so with your Android smartphone. Using your
internet bandwidth, you can now make VoIP phone calls.

Voice over Internet Protocol technology (VoIP) is one way you can make
phone calls even without traditional telephone copper wires. Especially if
your network signal has been playing tricks on you, you can opt to use a
VoIP by connecting to a WiFi network connection instead. In order to do
this, you have two options to set up your VoIP. The first option is through
the use of Session Internet Protocol (SIP), a signaling technology
commonly used in commercial VoIP apps. Or you can also use Skype, the
proprietary internet calling system. With the Skype option, you just need
to download an app and create an account. The SIP option however, is
complicated to set up.
VoIP phone services have been steadily increasing in popularity. Today, the
most widely used VoIP protocol is the Session Initiation Protocol or SIP.

Practically every hosted VoIP service and on-premise deployment is based on

SIP or, at the very least, provides support for it.

Combined with the growing use of smartphones in the enterprise and outside,
many users are looking for a solution that will allow them to make SIP calls
on Android phones.

1.5 :- How are VoIP Calls Work

Since traditional calls travel over copper lines – that cannot handle any
other type of traffic – phone operators and carriers have to build the
infrastructure to each individual house. They then charge for calls at a
particular tariff to pay for the infrastructure and the services provided.

VoIP on the other hand travels over the existing data network – in most
cases the Internet. The Internet connection is already paid for by the user
who makes the payment to the ISP. The VoIP provider does not have to
build the individual Internet connection to each customer. This is how
most VoIP calls (specifically domestic calls) become free as a provider does
not have to pay any termination charges (if the entire call travels over the
Internet) or recover infrastructure investments.
However if any portion of the call travels over the PSTN, termination
charges will have to be paid by the vendor to other entities in the telecom
web. So some calls have a charge but typically these will be lower than the
corresponding PSTN rates.

One of the primary reasons for upgrading to VoIP from regular landlines is
the cost savings.The reduction in cost can come about from a number of
factors including lower call charges, no monthly contracts, no service fees
or hidden charges, no need to purchase expensive hardware etc.You only
pay for data usage over 3G/4G or the wifi pack.

The most immediate impact is had by the lower call charges which
represent continuous savings and not just a one time discount. With VoIP,
call charges can be as low as free for certain types of calls (domestic calls)
and a very low price per minute for others (usually long-distance calls).

Google Android is today one of the most widespread mobile operating systems
among users. It can be found on cell phones and tablet PC devices, too. These
mobile devices are used not only for the traditional telephoning purposes nowadays
but all are capable of Internet connection and some of them also have mobile
Internet subscription.
 Figure 1 - Android VoIP Client Solutions

When the Internet connection is an option, VoIP technology comes in quickly as an

alternative for communication purposes. VoIP is reliable, more flexible, serves more
purposes and at last but not least it is cheaper than using the mobile or PSTN
network for telephoning.
Android mobile devices have support for the Adobe Air environment that can be used
for building VoIP client applications with Ozeki VoIP SIP SDK (Figure 1). These
solutions can be made as easily as any other desktop applications, you only need to
use a slightly different programming environment and tools.
With Ozeki VoIP SIP SDK and Adobe Flash Builder you can create your own VoIP
SIP Android application with standard programming techniques. You can upload
these applications onto your smart phone or tablet and use them for communication.
A VoIP app allows you to make calls from your mobile phone. You only pay for data
usage over 3G/4G. Your mobile phone provider may charge you for a local call.

Here's a list of the top 10 best Android apps that let you make free
VoIP calls:
1. WhatsApp
Cost: Free

2. Facebook Messenger

Cost: Free

3. Google Duo

Cost: Free

4. magicApp

Cost: $9.99 per year, some parts are free.

5. Google Hangouts

Cost: Free

6. MizuDroid SIP VoIP Softphone

Cost: Free

7. Skype

Cost: Free

8. Signal Private Messenger

Cost: Free

9. Viber

Cost: Free (with the purchase of extras inside the app)

10. Zoiper IAX SIP VoIP Softphone(Cost: Free, or $8.49 with purchases inside of the app)

– Voice Over IP
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a term that encompasses the principles
and technology of transmission of voice communications and multimedia session
over IP networks, e.g. a LAN or the Internet, rather than through the traditional
telephone system, which is the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

It uses a few underlying protocols (H.263, SIP, and RTP) to convert the media
signal (voice, video) to a digital signaling format or codec, compresses the signal
and converts it to IP packets. These packets are then transmitted over the
existing IP network to the end user. The packet, upon reaching the end user, are
reassembled and converted from its digital format to analog. This is the format
that is recognizable by the end device and transmitted to the user as voice or
video.

 PC to PC: installed VoIP client to another

 PC to Phone: installed VoIP client to traditional/IP telephone or vice versa

 Phone to Phone: traditional/IP phone to another, but routed through an IP

network

In comparison to PSTN, quite a few drawbacks exist. Many argue that the sound
quality and reliability of VoIP communication are still not en par with those
provided by PSTN. However, there are several advantages:

 Mobility and greater operational flexibility

 Highly reduced operation costs


 Cheap hardware and software

 Support for digital features such as IVR, call transfers, conferencing,

forwarding, etc.

 Remote access

Some of the disadvantages when compared to a traditional telephone system

are:

 Voice quality

 Power dependency

 Lack of support for emergency services

 Security issues

 Bandwidth dependency

Background Research
For the purpose of this project, the issue of cost effectiveness during deployment
in a corporate setting will be looked at in greater details.

InformationWeek Research carried out a recent study on 280 companies

currently with deployed VoIP services or plan to deploy. This research came up
with the fact that most companies want to adopt VoIP in order to have lower
communication costs. This factor ranked the highest among several others,
including ease of management, scalability, and the desire to merge voice and
data networks, among others.

Further research into this subject matter has defined that cost factor is the most
compelling reason most companies switch to using VoIP services (Ezilon.com,
2010) . The Internet is the driving force behind the cost reduction capability
because it is becoming the backbone of day to day communication in our world
today. Also due to competition in the market, a lot of VoIP vendors and
telecommunication giants continuously have to reduce costs for customer
services, thus making VoIP services even more readily available for corporate
bodies as an alternative to traditional telephony. It is envisaged that VoIP will
become the dominant phone service, since it incorporates Internet and TV
services on the same network.

VoIP is still a relatively new technology, but has very huge potential for growth
in the near future.
● Like everything else, as the technology changes so at first only a few companies like
Cisco and Lucent offered VoIP services, but the large telecommunications carriers –
such as AT&T and Sprint -- are catching on.

● VoIP is predominately used for personal instead of enterprise-wide use.

● The availability of high-quality audio using wideband codecs, video conferencing, and
document sharing enables more effective and pleasant communication.

The reason why many people, including big VoIP firms, will tell you that it is not a
complete telephony replacement comes down to emergency situations. VoIP is not as
easily traceable as normal telephony services, and so will not always work well with
emergency numbers such as 911. Steps are being taken to rectify this, but don't bet
your life on it (literally).
Also, VoIP is dependent on power and Internet access to work, while normal
telephony services are not. In many emergency situations, your Internet connection
and electrical service may not be available, or you may not have the time to wait for a
computer to boot up to make an emergency call. Therefore, it is always advisable to
have a traditional phone around as a backup.
Other reasons why VoIP hasn't replaced traditional telephony are the hassle of
dealing with multiple providers when something goes wrong. This often results in a
finger-pointing exercise between hardware and software companies, which can be
very frustrating, especially for non-technical users.