nd

Worksheet
Worksheet 2
Topic : THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE of TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
TIME : 4 X 45 minutes

STANDARD COMPETENCY:
2. To derive the formulas of trigonometry and its applications.

BASIC COMPETENCY:
2.1 To use the Sum and Difference of two angles formulas, and the double angles formulas
to calculate the sine and cosine of certain angles.

In this chapter, you will learn:

• To use the cosine of The Sum and Difference Formulas.
• To use the sine of The Sum and Difference Formulas.
• To use the tangent of The Sum and Difference Formulas.

A. Sum and Difference of Two Angles

α ± β)
A.1. cos (α

∠ AOX = ……

∠ BOX = ……

OA = OB = r

We have the coordinates

A( …… , …… ) and B( …… , …… ) .

The length of AB can be found by the formula

= ( x1 − x 2 ) + ( y1 − y 2 )
2 2
AB2

9
 = ( r. cos α – ......… )2 + ( ……… – …….… )2

= r 2 ⋅ cos 2 α – 2 ⋅ r 2 ⋅ cos α . …… + ……… + r 2 ⋅ sin 2 α – 2. ……… + ………

( ) ( )
= r 2 sin 2 α + cos 2 α + r 2 sin 2 β + cos 2 β – 2r 2 cos α …… – 2. …… ……

= r 2 + …… – 2r 2 ( ……. …… + …… . ……)

= 2r 2 [ …… – (……. …… + …… . …… )] ………… (1)

Besides, the cosine formula gives:

AB2 = OA2 + OB2 – 2 ⋅ OA ⋅ OB ⋅ cos ∠ AOB

= r 2 + ……– 2. r . …. cos ( …… – …… )

= 2r 2 [……– cos ( ……– ……)] ………… (2)

So that we have the equation: (1) = (2)

2r 2 [ …… – (……. …… + …… . …… )] = 2r 2 [……– cos ( ……– ……)]

…… – ( ……. …… + …… . …… ) = ……– cos ( ……– ……)

cos α ⋅ cos β + sin α ⋅ sin β = ............................

Since cos(β − α ) = cos(α − β ) , then we obtain:

cos(α − β ) = KKK......KK + KK......KKK

Example 4
Calculate cos 150 with the formula of cos(α − β ) .

Solution

cos 15 0 = cos(45 − KK)

0

= cos 450 ⋅ cos KK + KKKKK

= ………………… + …………………

= …… ( ……… + ………)

10
Example 5
( )
Simplify cos 270 0 − A with the formula of cos(α − β ) .

Solution

( )
cos 270 0 − A = cos 2700 ⋅ cos KK + KKKKK

= ………………… + …………………

(
∴ cos 270 0 − A = …… …)

Example 6
Find the formula of cos(α + β ) with the formula of cos(α − β ) .

Solution

cos(α + β ) = cos(α − (− β ))

= cos α ⋅ cos KK + KKKK

= ……………….. – …………………

So we have cos(α + β ) = KKKKK − KKKKK

Example 7
Calculate cos 750 with the formula of cos(α + β ) .

Solution

cos 75 0 = cos(45 + KK)

0

= cos 450 ⋅ cos KK −KKKKK

= ………………… – …………………

= …… ( ……… – ………)

11
Example 8
Calculate cos 420 ⋅ cos120 + sin 420 ⋅ sin120 without calculator.

Solution

cos 420 ⋅ cos120 + sin 420 ⋅ sin120 = cos(42 − KK) = cos(KK) = ………
0 0

Example 9
Calculate cos(π − A) if sin A =
12
and ∠A is an acute angle.
13

Solution

12
If sin A = , then cos A = KK
13

cos(π − A) = cos π .KK + KKKKK

= ................. . + ……………

∴ cos(π − A) = .............

Example 10
It is known that cos( A + B ) = and cos( A − B ) = , then calculate cos A ⋅ cos B.
3 1
4 2

Solution

cos( A + B ) = KKKKKK − KKKKKK =

3
4

cos( A − B ) = KKKKKK + KKKKKK =

1
+
2

3 1
………………………………… = +
4 2

………………………………… = …….

∴ cos A. cos B = ..............

12
 α ± β)
A.2. sin (α
π 
sin α = cos  − α 
2 

π 
sin (α + β ) = cos  − (α + β )
2 

 π  
sin (α + β ) = cos  − α  − β 
 2  

π  π 
sin (α + β ) = cos  − α  ⋅ cos β + sin  − α  ⋅ sin β
2  2 

sin (α + β ) = KKK. cos β + KKK. sin β

So we have sin (α + β ) = KKKKK + KKKKK

Find the formula of sin (α − β )

Example 11
Calculate sin 150 without calculator.

Solution

sin 15 0 = sin (45 − KK)

0

= sin 450 ⋅ cos KK − KKKKK

= ………………… – …………………

= …… ( ……… – ………)

13
Example 12
π
Calculate sin without calculator.
12

Solution

π
sin = sin (KK − KK)
12

π
sin = ………………… – ………………..
12

= ………………… – …………………

= …… ( ……… – ………)

Example 13
1  1  1  1 
Calculate sin  π + A  ⋅ cos  π − A  + cos  π + A  ⋅ sin  π − A  .
4  4  4  4 

Solution

We have the formula of sin (α + β ) = KKKKK + KKKKK , so

1  1  1  1 
sin  π + A  ⋅ cos  π − A  + cos  π + A  ⋅ sin  π − A  = sin [(KK + KK) + (KK − KK)]
4  4  4  4 

= sin KK = …………

Example 14

3 8
If sin A = and cos B = , ∠A and ∠B are acute angles. Calculate:
5 17

a. sin ( A + B ) b. cos( A + B )

Solution
3 K
If sin A = , we can determine cos A = .
5 K
8 K 5
3
If cos B = , we can determine sin B =
17 K
A B
a. sin ( A + B ) = sin A ⋅ cos B + KKKKK …
…

14
 3
= .KK + KKKKK = KK + KK = KK
5

b. cos( A + B ) = cos A ⋅ cos B − KKKKK

3
= .KK − KKKKK = KK − KK = KK
5

α ± β)
A.3. tan(α
We will prove the formula of tan (α + β ) as following.

sin (KK + KK)

tan (α + β ) =
cos(KK + KK)

sin α .KK + KKKK cos α ⋅ cos β

= :
KKKK + KKKK cos α ⋅ cos β

KKKK KKKK KK KK
+ +
cos α ⋅ cos β cos α ⋅ cos β cos α cos β
= =
KKKK KKKK KK KK
+ 1+ ⋅
cos α ⋅ cos β cos α ⋅ cos β cos α cos β

KK + KK
=
KK − KKK

So we have:

KK + KK
tan (α + β ) =
KK − KKK

Find the formula of tan (α − β ) !

KK + KK
tan (α − β ) =
KK − KKK

15
Example 15
1
If tan α = ½ and tan β = , α and β are acute angles. Calculate:
3
a. tan (α + β) b. tan (α - β)

Solution

tan α + KK KK + KK KK + KK
tan (α + β ) =
KK
= = = = KK
KK − KKK KK − KKK KK − KK KK

tan α − KK KK − KK KK − KK
tan (α − β ) =
KK
= = = = KK
KK + KKK KK + KKK KK + KK KK

Example 16
tan 800 + tan 550
Calculate without calculator
1 − tan 800 ⋅ tan 550

Solution
KK + KK
Using the formula of tan (α + β ) = , we can get:
KK − KKK

tan 800 + tan 550

= tan (KK + KK) = tan (KK) = − tan KK = KK
1 − tan 800 ⋅ tan 550

Exercise 2

1. Describe these terms with the sum and difference of two angles, then simplify:

a. sin ( x − 30 ) c. 4. cos( x − 135) e. tan ( x − 135)

0 0 0

b. sin ( x + 300 ) 3 ⋅ cos ( x + 60 ) f. tan ( x + 225)

0 0 0
d.

2. Prove this term!

a. sin (90 + α ) = cos α d. cos(270 + A) = sin A

0 0

b. sin (270 + α ) = − cos α e. cos(270 − x ) = − sin x

0 0

16
 c. tan (180 + α ) = tan α
0

3. Simplify:

a. sin ( A + B ) + sin( A − B ) d. cos 650 ⋅ cos 250 − sin 650 ⋅ sin 250

b. cos x. cos y − sin x. sin y e. sin 110 0. cos 50 0 − cos 110 0. sin 50 0

tan 750 − tan150 tan 3 A + tan A

c. f.
1 + tan 750 ⋅ tan150 1 − tan 3 A ⋅ tan A

3 8
4. If sin A = and cos B = , ∠A and ∠B are acute angles. Calculate:
5 17

a. sin ( A + B ) d. cos( A + B )

b. sin( A − B ) e. tan ( A − B )

c. cos( A − B ) f. tan ( A + B )

2 2
5. If sin A = and cos B = , ∠A is an obtuse angle and ∠B is an angle in the
5 13
third quadrant. Calculate:

a. sin ( A + B ) d. cos( A + B )

b. sin( A − B ) e. tan ( A − B )

c. cos( A − B ) f. tan ( A + B )

13π
6. Calculate without calculator: a. sin 105 0 b. sin c. tan 75 0
12
7. Prove:

sin ( x + y )  2   4 
a. = tan x + tan y d. sin α + sin  α + π  + sin  α + π  = 0
cos x ⋅ cos y  3   3 

b. sin ( x + y ) ⋅ sin ( x − y ) = sin 2 x − sin 2 y e. cos (α − β ) − cos (α + β ) = 2sin α ⋅ sin β

cos a + sin a
c. tan (a + 45) =
0

cos a − sin a

8. If A + B + C = π , and A + B = π − C , then tan ( A + B ) = tan (π − C ) . Using these

relations to prove that: tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A ⋅ tan B ⋅ tan C .

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