Effect Of Pollution On Fisheries Of

River Chenab
Presented By : Zainab Arshad
BS Hons, Environmental Sciences
University Of Gujrat, Pakistan
Contents:

■ Aims and objectives ■ Effect of pollutants on fishes

■ Methodology ■ Guidelines for Human Consumption
■ Overview of river Chenab ■ Remediation’s
■ Diversity in river Chenab ■ Conclusions
■ Overview of pollution ■ References
■ Sources of water pollution
Aims and objectives
■ Find the water quality of river Chenab.
■ Amount of pollution of river Chenab
■ Causes of that pollution
■ Effect of that pollution on living organisms found in river
■ Impact of pollution specially on fishes.
■ Indirect effect of these fishes on humans.
Methodology
■ Academic journals
■ Websites
■ Research gate
■ Google scholar
■ LinkedIn
■ Scribe
Overview of river Chenab

■ Chenab River is one of natural resource of Pakistan. It starts from the Himalayas and
its length is 960 km.
■ The irrigation system of Pakistan is one of the best systems because 70% of the
cultivated area is under irrigation. Chenab river play important role in irrigation.
■ The Chenab River is generally considered the second healthiest river of Pakistan. It is
the source of income for many people.
■ As the water of Chenab river irrigates the lands of country the same way the fish,
prawns and other marine food is an important part of Pakistan’s economy.
Figure no 1: map of river Chenab.

Source: WHO (1985)

Fish diversity record from 2013-14 from river
Chenab
Sr. Scientific name Common Name
No
1 Ctenopharyngodonidella Grass Carp
2 Cyprinuscarpio Common Carp
3 Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix Silver Carp
4 Cirrhinusmrigala Mori
5 Cirrhinusreba Reba Machhali
6 Labeorohita Raho
7 Labeocalbasu Kalbans
8 Labeodero DeroMachhali
9 Catlacatla Thaila
10 Channapunctata Dola
Fish diversity record from 2013-14 from river
Chenab
11 Channamarulious Soul
12 Oreochromis aureus Tilapia
13 Rita rita Khaga
14 Bagariusbagarius FojiKhaga
15 Mystuscavasius TangraMachhali
16 Mastacembelusarmatus BaamMachhali
17 Speratasarwari Sangari
18 Wallagoattu Mali
19 Eutropiichthysvacha Jhali
20 Tor macrolepis Masheer
21 Clupisomagarua Bachhwa
22 Notopterusnotopterus But Pari
23 Bariliusmodestus Lahori Chalwa
24 Puntius sophore SophorePopra
Fish diversity record from 2013-14 from
river Chenab
26 Parambassisranga RangaSheesha
27 Sisorrabdophorus KirlaMachhali
28 Xenentodoncancila KaanMachhali
29 Garragotyla Pather Chat
30 Osteobramacotio PaliRooMachhali
31 Salmostomabacaila ChotiChalMachhali
32 Heteropneustesfossilis SangehiMachhali
33 Gagatacenia GagataCenia
34 Macrognathuspancalus Garoj
Source of pollution in
River Chenab
 Industrial outfalls
 Agricultural runoff
 Urban runoff
 Ground fills
 Atmospheric deposition
Effect of pollution Fig no 9 .1 : Effect of pollution on fishes.

( A ) Upstream (less polluted site)

on fishes ( B ) Downstream (high polluted site)

 viral infections
 bacterial infections, such as Pseudomonas
fluorescents leading to fin rot and fish
dropsy
 fungal infections
 water mold infections, such as Saprogenic
sp.
 metazoan parasites, such as copepods
 unicellular parasites, such as
Ichthyophthirius multifidi's leading to itch
 Certain parasites like Helminths for
example Stroggylis's
Source: Biol Trace Elem Res (2011) 143:1524 – 1540
Harmful for Human
Consumption:

 Metal contents in fish muscles are most

important because these are consumed
constituents of human diet.

 Effluents discharged into streams contain

high load of heavy metals which are not
only threatening the ecological integrity of
aquatic recourses but also putting.
 Exposure to high and
low concentrations of
toxicants may lead
rapidly to death or
interact with other
stressors, e.g. pathogens,
resulting in the
development of disease.
Remediation’s
■ Dilution: Dilution seems to be the most attractive method of waste disposal.
■ Appropriate technology: We should develop, import and adopt only appropriate
technology, which is pollution free.
■ Biological treatment: In biological treatment optimum conditions are provided for
natural self purification in lagoon with the help of trickling filters, activated sledge or
waste stabilizing ponds.
■ Efficient use (Reuse): Treatment of domestic sewage for industrial cooling is a good
example of efficient use. Water reuse has a special significance in mining and similar
industries where the resources are scarce.
Conclusions:

■ River Chenab is an important wetland of Punjab, Pakistan. Water is becoming polluted

due to anthropogenic impact i.e. Industrial waste, urbanization, agriculture
intensification and global warming.
■ Concentration of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper
(Cu)) was determined in the liver, gills, kidneys, and muscles of eight edible fish species.
■ Fishes found in downstream zone have higher quantity of metals in their organs.
■ Metal contents in fish muscles are most important because these are consumed
constituents of human diet.
References
■ Qadir A, Malik RN, Husain SZ (2008) Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of
Nullah Aiktributary of the river Chenab, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 140:43–59
■ Malik RN, Zeb N (2009) Assessment of environmental contamination using feathers of
Bubulcus ibis as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution Pakistan. Ecotoxicology 8:522–
536
■ Wright DA, Welbourn P (2002) Environmental toxicology (Cambridge environmental
chemistry series 11).
■ Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
■ Canli M, Atli G (2003) The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu,
■ Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environ Pollute
121:129–136