382A
geomechanical parameters is studied. Shallow tunnels where
surface loading affects stability are then examined. Predictions
are compared to results of centrifuge model tests.
906481
New utility and transportation tunnels in Hong Kong
McFeat-Smith, I
Proc International Symposium on Underground Engineering,
New Delld, 14-17 April 1988 V1, P311-319. Publ Rotterdam:
A A Balkema, 1988
The rapid growing economy and population in Hong Kong
necessitates rapid expansion of its infrastructure. With a
mountainous topography in urban areas, most of the new
infrastructure projects include the construction of rock tun-
nels. As most subsurface conditions are characterised by
weathered granites, colluvium, alluvium and marine deposits,
special tunnelling techniques are essential. Construction
problems associated with the development of these tunnels
and the application of rock mass classification systems in
analysing geotechnical conditions are presented.
906482
Excavation of the LEP main tunnel by tunnel boring machine
and explosives
Laughton, C
Proc International Symposium on Underground Engineering,
New DelM, 14.17 April 1988 V1, P333-340. Publ Rotterdam:
A A Balkema, 1988
The large electron positron (LEP) collider has been con-
structed by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics
(CERN) in the bedrock strata of the Leman plain and Jura
foothills. Due to varying geological features along the 26.6km
tunnel site, both tunnel boring machines and conventional
drilling and blasting techniques were used. Techniques used to
excavate the tunnel, geological and geotechnical conditions,
and tunnel linings employed are discussed.
906483
Pile jacking - state-of-the-art and tendencies of research and
development
Conrad, E U
Proc International Congress on Tunnels and Water, Madrid,
15-18 Jane 1988 VI, P409-412. Publ Rotterdam: A A
Balkema, 1988
Hydraulic pipe jacking is a technique which is gaining in pop-
ularity. Minimum diameter is limited by legal and practical
constraints to around 800ram and maximum by transport
problems and manufacturing economics to about 4m,
although bigger tunnels have been jacked. Almost homogene-
ous ground is necessary for successful pipe jacking. Length of
run and number of jacking stations, and muck removal and
directional control problems are discussed. Research and
development trends are outlined.
9O6484
Jacking large pipes under diflicnit geological and hydrological
conditions
Dietz, W
Proc International Congress on Tunnels and Water, Madrid,
15-18 June 1988 VI, P425-431. Publ Rotterdam: A A
Balkema, 1988
As high quality reinforced concrete pipes are now widely avail-
able, jacking to install underground pipelines is becoming
more common. Jacking shields and excavation systems, which
may use backhoes or water jets, with compressed air working
chambers for difficult ground, have been improved. Pipes up
© 1990 Pergamon Press plc. Reproduction not permitted
to 5.4m O.D. have been jacked. A case study describes the
installation of a 5m O.D., 3600m long pipeline in coarse sands
and gravel, using the Combi shield and compressed air.
9O6485
Underground stormwater reservoir constructed by 11.22m
diameter slurry shields
Hashimoto, K; Kato, T; Watanabe, Y; Matsuda, M;
Tamiya, Y; Shima, M; Fujihara, Y; Yoshikawa, T
Proc International Congress on Tatmels and Water, Madrid,
15-18 June 1988 VI, P473-480. Publ Rotterdam: A A
Balkema, 1988
An underground storage reservoir of diameter 10m and length
1905m is under construction in Osaka, Japan, using a very
large slurry shield. Ground conditions are very hard sand and
gravel (N value above 50) and cohesive soil (N value 10-20).
The first 1280m) section has been completed and is in use. The
second section will meet reinforced concrete piles. Project
planning and execution are described, including shield design
and performance, cutter wear, settlement, directional control,
ground improvement from inside the shield, and cutting of the
piles.
9O6486
Extruded reinforced concrete fining method with superior
watertightuess
Kiritani, Y
Proc International Congress on Tunnels and Water, Madrid,
15-18 June 1988 I/1, P481-487. Publ Rotterdam: A A
Balkema, 1988
The Extruded Concrete Lining (ECL) method produces a high
quality, seamless, single shell lining from the rear of an earth
pressure balance type closed shield. Features of the ECL are
described, including assembly of reinforcement, pressing of the
concrete into the reinforcement, and control system. Because
of the low number of cracks in the concrete, watertightness is
excellent. A loading test on a retrieved section of lining is used
to demonstrate the strength of the ECL product.
Power plants
9O6487
Underground works at the Bekhme scheme
Benlic, S
lat Water Power Dam Comstr V42, N6, June 1990, P12-14
The Bekhme scheme in Iraq is one of the largest water
resource schemes under construction. Underground works are
in Cretaceous rocks of limestone, dolomitized limestone, and
marlstone, with many formations folded and karstified. Tun-
nelling is by NATM with support design based on the Q sys-
tem. For fault zones with clay infill in the massive limestone,
where extra support is required, light truss arches are adopted.
Final lining will be lm thick in situ concrete.
9O6488
Design criteria for plain concrete lining in power and water
tunnels
Singh, B; Nayak, G C; Kumar, R
Proc latertmtiomd Symposhtm on Umlergromal Eqineering,
New Delki, 14-17 April 1988 I/1, P281-289. Pubi Rotterdam:
A ,4 Balkema, 1988
Plain concrete linings are used as reinforcement in power tun-
nels constructed in rock masses of good and fair qualities. It is
likely that the concrete may crack and thus lead to opening up
of construction joints that may allow water to flow and result
in dislodging of the segment from the tunnel lining. A simple
analysis for estimating maximum hoop tension and bending