SUMMER TRAINING REPORT 2010 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

M.Tech. – II , Semester III.

A
TRAINING REPORT
ON
DESIGN OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
EQUIPMENTS

Prepared by: Shah Ishan P.

Roll No.: P09EN224

Faculty Advisor:
Mrs. A.K.Khambete

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY, SURAT – 395007
2010-2011
ONE STOP
ENVIRONMENTAL SHOP
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d Fl G h b
Contact Us:
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Phone: 91-261- 2351248, 2346181, 2354068 (Fax).
E-Mail: info@detoxcorp.com
URL: www.detoxcorp.com
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly obliged and thankful to DETOX CORPORATION PRIVATE LIMITED for

permitting me to work on my training program and for giving this opportunity of getting
trained in their healthy environment.

I am very much thankful to Mr. Chetan Contractor (Managing Director) and Mr. Pushpak
Shah (Manager-Business Development & projects) for giving me this opportunity.

I express deep sense of gratitude to Pushpak sir, Ankita, Dharmesh, Dayesh, Krunal and
other staff members, for their immense support and guidance during the whole period of
training and making me aware with the practical aspects of office work.

Finally I am thanking to God, my parents and to all whom knowingly and unknowingly
helped to me in completing my training.

Shah Ishan P.
Design of air pollution control systems

Particulate matter control

Type of control equipments depends upon following.

 Particle size
 Minimum loading
 Desired efficiency
 Typical velocity
 Maximum gas pressure drop

Space requirement

Design of cyclone
Definition

 Structure without moving parts

 Inlet velocity of gas stream transformed into a confined vortex or
spiral flow downward between walls of gas discharge outlet and body
of cyclone or main vortex
 Centrifugal force created, tend to drive particles to the wall of
cyclone

Principles

 Works on centrifugal action

  Throws heavy particles to the side of Cyclone
 particles slide down into hopper bottom of Cyclone
 Operates with two vortexes
 High separation factor, ratio of radial velocity to the Stokes velocity
Cyclone efficiency

Efficiency will increase with increase in :

 Dust particle size

 Particle density
 Gas inlet velocity
 Cyclone body or cone length
 Ratio of body diameter to gas outlet diameter

Efficiency will decrease with :

 Increase in gas viscosity or density

 Cyclone diameter
 Gas outlet diameter
 Inlet width or inlet area
 Cyclones are generally divided into conventional and high efficiency.
High efficiency cyclones have smaller dia up to about 9 inches, achieve
greater separating force.

Effect of operating variables on cyclone performance

Flow rate

 Pressure drop varies with the square of flow rate and therefore inlet
velocity
 Efficiency increases with increasing flow rate up to some limiting
velocity, above which internal turbulence increases more rapidly than
separation,
 Thus causing decrease in efficiency with further increase in flow rate

 Variation of efficiency with flow rate over short ranges of flow may
be estimated by :
100 – ηa / 100 – ηb = ( Qb / Qa ) 0.5
 Where,
 ηa = collection efficiency, wt percent at condition a
 ηb = collection efficiency, wt percent at condition b
 Qb = flow ft3 / minute at condition b
 Qa = flow ft3 / minute at condition a

Effect of operating variables on cyclone performance

Physical properties of the gas

 Pressure drop of cyclone is affected by temp., density and pressure

of the gas as shown by :

 h = K Q 2 P ρg / T
 Where,

 h = pressure drop, inches water gauge

 K = proportionality constant
 Q = flow rate, ft3 / minute
 P = absolute pressure, atmosphere
 ρg = gas density, lb / ft3
 T = absolute temp., °R

Effect of operating variables on cyclone performance

Viscosity of gas increases with increasing temp., efficiency will decrease

Relation between efficiency and gas viscosity at constant flow rate is :

100 – ηa / 100 – ηb = ( μa / μb )0.5

Where,

μ = viscosity at conditions a and b in any consistent units

Relationship between efficiency and gas density is

100 – ηa / 100 – ηa = (( ρp – ρgb ) / (ρp – ρga ))0.5

 Where,

ρp = density dust particle, lb / ft3

ρg = density of gas at condition a and b, lb / ft3

Parallel Cyclone operation

 Where high efficiency cyclones are used, they are put in parallel to
achieve practical gas volume
 If number of cyclone in parallel is small, each cyclone should have its
own inlet and dust bin

 If number of cyclone in parallel is large, the only practical

arrangement is to use common inlet plenum chamber, a common dust
bin, and common outlet plenum chamber.

 Equal distribution of gas and dust load is necessary in each cyclone to

prevent backflow through individual cyclone, plugging of cyclones, and
re-entrainment from the dust bin.

 Inlet, outlet plenums and dust bin should be designed so that pressure
relationship between these three chambers is same at all portions of
the housing.

 In order to minimize dust outlet plugging in parallel cyclone operation,

provide a small purge out of the dust collection hopper through purge
fan with a rate of about 5% of the total gas flow.

Series cyclone operation

Efficiency of two cyclone collectors operating in series is expressed by :

ηp + ηs ( 100 – ηp )

 Where,
 η = efficiency combined cyclones
 ηp = efficiency of primary cyclone
  ηs = efficiency of secondary cyclone ( based on inlet dust load to it )
 Efficiency of second cyclone is less than primary cyclone, around 50
%.

Standard cyclone proportions

 Diameter of cyclone = D2
 Length of cylinder = L1 = 2D2
 Length of cone = L2 = 2D2
 Diameter of exit = De = ½ D2
 Height of entrance = ½ D2
 Width of entrance = B = ¼ D2
 Dia of dust exit = Dd = ¼ D2
 Length of exit duct = L3 = 1/8 D2

Estimation of efficiency for cyclone

Efficiency of cyclone for true cyclone flow is:

η = 1 - exp[-ρpQd2θ1/18μWr2(r2-r1)ln r2/r1]

θ1 =- 18μWr2(r2-r1)(ln r2/r1)ln(1-η)/ρpQd2

● For modified cyclone flow, eq. becomes :

η = 1-exp[-(1-n)ρpQd2θ1/18μW(r2 -r1 1-n)r2n(r2-r1)]

1-n

θ1 = - 18μW(r2 -r1 1-n)r2n(r2-r1)ln(1-η)/(1-n)ρpQd2

1-n