P.R.

KAAVIYA
17BEC1006
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN
DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT 1

1. LASER PRINT PHASE DESIGN

A. REQUIREMENTS

NAME LASER PRINTER

PURPOSE PRINT TEXT/IMAGE ON PAPER

INPUTS A4/LETTER SIZE PAPER,

BUTTONS/USER INTERFACE
COMMANDS FOR PRINT/SCAN
OUTPUTS REQUIRED TEXT/IMAGE ON
PAPER
FUNCTIONS PRINT QUICKLY AND IN LARGE
QUANTITIES.
SCAN A SHEET OF DOCUMENT
AND SEND IT TO PC.
COPY THE CONTENT OF SHEET
AND PRODUCE SAME PRINT.
PERFORMANCE 12 PAGER PER MINUTE
HIGHER COLOUR CAPABILITY
(1200 DPI)
MANUFACTURING ~INR 15,000
COST
 POWER 160 W/HR
REQUIREMENTS
SIZE 12 INCHES * 18 INCHES
WEIGHT ~5.8 KG

B. SPECIFICATION

I. SPI - Get the data to be printed from computer (file,

black/colour, number of copies).
II. Display (User Interface) – Number of copies to be
taken, type of print (1sided and/or 2sided), colour of
the print out (colour or black and white), adjust
screen settings.
III. Keypad (User Interface)- provide the user to
communicate with the printer; adjust brightness,
contrast etc.
IV. Paper intake slot – Get the paper.
V. Delivery slot – printed sheet.

C. ARCHITECTURE

Implementation of the system is described by the

Architecture. It is a plan for the overall structure of the
system. The system block may be refined into two blocks –
Hardware and Software.

HARDWARE:

I. The laser scanner creates the image.

 II. The image is beamed through the glass copier
window into the copier mechanism underneath.
III. The image is reflected by a mirror.
IV. A lens focuses the image.
V. A second mirror reflects the image again.
VI. The image is transferred onto the photocopier belt.
VII. A developer unit converts the image into printable
form.
VIII. The printable image is transferred to the paper.
IX. The fuser permanently seals the image onto the
page, which emerges into the collecting rack at top
of the machine.

SOFTWARE:

I. After receiving the data from the serial port, the data is
printed.
II. Printing the data
III. Monitor the keypad and display the changes
simultaneously.
 D. COMPONENETS

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:
I. Rollers to aid the intake of the paper. (including
conveyor)
II. Similarly, rollers to aid the flow of the printed paper.
III. Main Power Supply -> Internal circuitry to reduce the
voltage.
IV. Ink Cartridge storage unit.
V. Wire - This is a high-voltage wire that gives a static
electric charge to anything nearby.
VI. Photoreceptor drum - so the drum gains a positive
charge spread uniformly across its surface.
VII. Laser - to make it draw the image of the page onto the
drum.
VIII. Ink roller - touching the photoreceptor drum coats it
with tiny particles of powdered ink (toner).
IX. USB port to communicate with PC.
X. Flash memory ROM and RAM for storing temporary
variables and stack
XI. LPC11U24 for the application
XII. 3.5” LCD display
XIII. 5 buttons keypad – to adjust printer settings
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS:
 I. Readdata: Waits for the data to be received and action
as per data received
II. Print: Code to configure the printer to the settings
defined by the user.
III. Display: Display the info on the screen.
IV. Settings/up/down/OK/Back: To implement the changes
made by user on the general system settings
mentioned in specifications.
o Settings – Brightness, Contrast
o Up/down/OK/back are another function that
monitor the status of the other buttons of the
keypad and the result is updated in the function
Settings
o The appropriate variables are passed to
Task_Display.
V. Timer: Timer interrupt to delay the process (timer value
based on page number- 1st page = 10sec; next 11 pages
= 4.5455 sec each)

E. SYSTEM INTEGRATION
I. Checking for Bugs, fixing them.
II. Testing the product under various types of input
III. After verification, releasing the product into the
market

I. Issues faced in each stage:

- Requirement: The product has to be designed based on the
requirement given by the client.
 o Getting a better cost, performance, weight, power
consumption figures is challenging as a new product faces
a lot of competition with similar products in the market
- Specifications: Must be unique yet cover all the requirements
of the customer.
- Architecture: Implementation of the system. Plan for the
overall structure of the system. It will be used later to design
the components. All the factors must be considered while
designing the printer.
- Components: The best components must be used, yet the
price of the device must be competitive. Hence the efficiency
and performance of the components matter a lot
- System Integration: Bugs/errors are removed in this stage. A
time-consuming process because there are chances of
finding complex bugs.

2. Building taken for reference – 2BHK Apartments (Multi-

storied)

Zigbee network is implemented using a mesh network

consisting of 3 end devices (temperature, air quality and light
monitoring sensors).
 The Zigbee protocol defines three types of nodes: coordinators,
routers and end devices.

Coordinator is the central device which initiates and manages

devices within the network.
Each End Device communicates with the Coordinator.

STEP 1: Coordinator is placed at a central location (Could be

the lobby room or security room).

STEP 2: The router is placed at each floor (Hallways).

STEP 3: The end devices are placed in each room of an

apartment for monitoring the set of data collected and to be
sent the coordinator.

3. C++ code -

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int *datapointer;
int n = 5;
int dataarray[n];
datapointer = dataarray;
cout << "Output: " ;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
cout << *datapointer << " ";
datapointer++;
}
return 0;
}
4. Mbed code for metronome -
#include "mbed.h"
#include <stdio.h>

Serial pc(USBTX, USBRX);

DigitalIn up_button(p15);
DigitalIn down_button(p16);
DigitalOut redled(LED1); //displays the metronome beat
Timeout beat_rate; //define a Ticker, with name “beat_rate”
void beat(void);
float period (1);
int rate (120);

int main()
{
pc.printf("MBED METRONOME!\r\n");
period = 1;
redled = 1; //diagnostic
wait(.1);
redled = 0;
beat_rate.attach(&beat, period);
while(1){
if (up_button ==1) //increase rate by 4
rate = rate + 4;
if (down_button ==1) //decrease rate by 4
rate = rate - 4;
if (rate > 240) //limit the maximum beat rate to 240
rate = 240;
if (rate < 35) //limit the minimum beat rate to 35
rate = 35;
period = 60/rate; //calculate the beat period
pc.printf("metronome rate is %i\r", rate);
wait (0.5);
}
}

void beat()
{
beat_rate.attach(&beat, period);
//update beat rate at this moment
redled = 1;
wait(.1);
redled = 0;
}