Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Panacea Mathematica
The Complete solutions manual for CSIR/UGC/NET
Salu Somanathan
CONTENTS
Page Number
FORWORD 7
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 8
A WORD FROM THE AUTHOR 9
SYLLABUS 10
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 12
BLUEPRINT ANALYSIS 15
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION PAPERS
DECEMBER 2016 16
JUNE 2016 41
DECEMBER 2015 66
JUNE 2015 88
DECEMBER 2014 108
JUNE 2014 131
DECEMBER 2013 156
JUNE 2013 180
DECEMBER 2012 206
JUNE 2012 231
DECEMBER 2011 254
JUNE 2011 280
DETAILED SOLUTION OF PAST QUESTIONS
DECEMBER 2016 28
JUNE 2016 55
DECEMBER 2015 79
JUNE 2015 99
DECEMBER 2014 120
JUNE 2014 143
DECEMBER 2013 169
JUNE 2013 193
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2016 (11)
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
TEST BOOKLET
TIME: 3.00 Hours MAXIMUM MARKS: 200
PART ‘A’
1. A mine supplies 10000 tons of copper ore, 1. 10% gain 2. 20% gain
containing an average of 1.5 𝑤𝑡% copper, to a 3. 10.66% gain 4. 6.66% gain
smelter every day. The smelter extracts 80% of 6. A chocolate salesman is travelling with 3 boxes
the copper from the ore on the same day. What is with 30 chocolates in each box. During his
journey he encounters 30 toll booths. Each toll
the production of copper in tons/day?
booth inspector takes one chocolate per box that
1. 80 2. 12 contains chocolate(s), as tax. What is the largest
3. 120 4. 150 number of chocolates he can be left with after
2. Wheat production of a country over a number of passing through all toll booths?
years is shown. Which year recorded highest 1. 0 2. 30
percent reduction in production over the previous 3. 25 4. 20
year? 7. A person completely under sea water tracks the
Sun. Compared to an observer above water,
1. 2001 which of the following observations would be
2. 2002 made by the underwater observer?
3. 2003 1. Neither the time of sunrise or sunset nor the
4. 2004 angular span of the horizon changes.
2. Sunrise is delayed, sunset is advanced, but
3. The houses of three sisters lie in the same row,
but the middle sister does not live in the middle there is no change in the angular span of the
house. In the morning, the shadow of the eldest horizon.
3. Sunrise and sunset times remain unchanged,
sister’s house falls on the youngest sister’s house.
but the angular span of the horizon shrinks.
What can be concluded for sure?
1. The youngest sister lives in the middle. 4. The duration of the day and the angular span
2. The eldest sister lives in the middle. of the horizon, both decrease.
3. Either the youngest or the eldest sister lives in 8. Time-distance graph of
the middle.
two objects 𝐴 and 𝐵 are
4. The youngest sister’s house lies on the east
shown. If the axes are
of the middle sister’s house.
interchanged, then the
4. A woman starts shopping with 𝑅𝑠. 𝑋 and 𝑌 paise,
spends 𝑅𝑠. 3.50 and is left with 𝑅𝑠. 2𝑌 and 2 𝑋
paise. The amount she started with is
1. Rs. 48.24 2. Rs. 28.64
3. Rs. 32.14 4. Rs. 23.42
5. A man sells three articles 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and gains
10% on 𝐴, 20% on 𝐵 and loses 10% on 𝐶. He
breaks even when combined selling prices of 𝐴
and 𝐶 are considered, whereas he gains 5% when
combined selling prices of 𝐵 and 𝐶 are
considered. What is his net loss or gain on the
sale of all the articles?
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FALSE?
1. Larger proportion of the surface of the earth is
below sea-level
2. Of the surface area above sea-level, larger
proportion lies below 2 km elevation
3. Of the surface area below sea-level, smaller
proportion lies below 4 km depth
4. Distance from sea level to the maximum depth
is greater than that to the maximum elevation
10. A milkman adds 10 litres of water to 90 litres of 14. Two coconuts have spherical space inside their
milk. After selling (1/5 )𝑡ℎ of the total quantity, kernels, with the first having an inner diameter
he adds water equal to the quantity he has sold. twice that of the other. The larger one is half
The proportion of water to milk he sells now filled with liquid, while the smaller is completely
would be filled. Which of the following statements is
1. 72:28 2. 28:72 correct?
3. 20:80 4. 30:70 1. The larger coconut contains 4 times the liquid
11. A tiger usually stalks its prey from a direction in the smaller one.
2. The larger coconut contains twice the liquid in
that is upwind of the prey. The reason for this is
the smaller one.
1. the wind aids its final burst for killing the prey 3. The coconuts contain equal volumes of liquid.
2. the wind carries the scent of the prey to the 4. The smaller coconut contains twice the liquid
tiger and helps the tiger locate the prey easily
in the larger one.
3. the upwind area usually has denser vegetation
and better camouflage
15. The dimensions of a floor are 18 × 24. What is
4. the upwind location aids the tiger by not letting
the smallest number of identical square tiles that
its smell reach the prey will pave the entire floor without the need to
break any tile?
12. Which of the following graphs represents a stable 1. 6 2. 24
fresh water lake? (i.e., no vertical motion of 3. 8 4. 12
water)
16. Why is there low fish population in lakes that
have large hyacinth growth?
1. Hyacinth prevents sunlight from reaching the
depths of the lake.
2. Decaying matter from hyacinth consumes
dissolved oxygen in copious amounts.
3. Hyacinth is not a suitable food for fishes.
4. Hyacinth releases toxins in the water.
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17. A cellphone tower radiates 1𝑊 power while the of ℝ2 . The directional derivative of 𝑓 in the
handset transmitter radiates 0.1 𝑚𝑊 power. The direction of 𝑣 at 𝑎 is:
correct comparison of the radiation energy 1. 𝑎1 + 2𝑎2 2. 𝑎2 + 2𝑎1
received by your head from a tower 100 𝑚 away 𝑎2
3. + 𝑎1
𝑎
4. 1 + 𝑎2
(𝐸1 ) and that from a handset held to your ear (𝐸2 ) 2 2
is 1
22. lim ∑2𝑛−1 3
𝑗=0 𝑗 equals
1. 𝐸1 >> 𝐸2 𝑛→∞ 𝑛4
2. 𝐸2 >> 𝐸1 1. 4 2. 16
3. 𝐸1 = 𝐸2 for communication to be established 3. 1 4. 8
𝑑
4. insufficient data even for a rough comparison 23. 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ is such that 𝑓(0) = 0 and |𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)| ≤ 5
18. The mid-point of the arc of a semicircle is for all 𝑥 . We can conclude that 𝑓(1) is in
connected by two straight lines to the ends of the 1. (5,6) 2. [−5,5]
diameter as shown. What is the ratio of the 3. (−∞, −5) ∪ (5, ∞) 4. [−4,4]
shaded area to the area of the triangle? 24. Which of the following subsets of ℝ4 is a basis
𝜋
1. − 1 of ℝ4 ?
2
𝜋−1
2. 2 𝐵1 = {(1,0,0,0), (1,1,0,0), (1,1,1,0), (1,1,1,1, )}
𝐵2 = {(1,0,0,0), (1,2,0,0), (1,2,3,0), (1,2,3,4)}
3. 𝜋 − 1/2
4. 2𝜋 − 1/4 𝐵3 = {(1,2,0,0), (0,0,1,1), (2,1,0,0), (−5,5,0,0)}
19. To determine 1. 𝐵1 and 𝐵2 but not 𝐵3 2. 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 and 𝐵3
the number of parrots in a sparse population, an 3. 𝐵1 and 𝐵3 but not 𝐵2 4. Only 𝐵1
ecologist captures 30 parrots and puts rings 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 −𝑥 𝑎 −𝑝
around their necks and releases them. After a 25. Let 𝐷1 = det [ 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 ] , 𝐷2 = det [ 𝑦 −𝑏 𝑞 ] .
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑧 −𝑐 𝑟
week he captures 40 parrots and finds that 8 of
them have rings on their necks. What Then
approximately is the parrot population? 1. 𝐷1 = 𝐷2 2. 𝐷1 = 2𝐷2
1. 70 2. 150 3. 𝐷1 = −𝐷2 4. 2𝐷1 = 𝐷2
3. 160 4. 100 26. Consider the sets of sequences 𝑋 = {(𝑥𝑛 ): 𝑥𝑛 ∈
20. The pitch of a spring is 5 𝑚𝑚. The diameter of {0,1}, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} and 𝑌 = {(𝑥𝑛 ) ∈ 𝑋: 𝑥𝑛 = 1 for at
the spring is 1 𝑐𝑚. The spring spins about its axis most finitely many 𝑛 }. Then
with a speed of 2 rotations/sec. The spring 1. 𝑋 is countable, 𝑌 is finite.
appears to be moving parallel to its axis with a 2. 𝑋 is uncountable, 𝑌 is countable.
speed of 3. 𝑋 is countable, 𝑌 is countable.
1. 1 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 2. 5 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 4. 𝑋 is uncountable,𝑌 is uncountable.
3. 6 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 4. 10 𝑚𝑚/𝑠 3 −1 0
27. The matrix [−1 2 −1] is
No. of pages - 466, Dimension- 24*18 cm, 0 −1 3
Price – 550(including postage) 1. positive definite.
For copies text or Whatsapp ur postal 2. non-negative definite but not positive definite.
3. negative definite.
address to Salu Somanathan,
4. neither negative definite nor positive definite.
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address as VPP, u can get ur book by giving 28. Let 𝑓: ℝ2 → ℝ2 be given by 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥 2 , 𝑦 2 +
rs 550 to the postman bringing the parcel. sin 𝑥). Then the derivative of 𝑓 at (𝑥, 𝑦) is the
PART ‘B’ linear transformation given by
𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻 − 𝟏 2𝑥 0 2𝑥 0
1. [ ] 2. [ ]
2
21. A function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ is defined by 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦. cos 𝑥 2𝑦 2𝑦 cos 𝑥
Let 𝑣 = (1,2) and 𝑎 = (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) be two elements 2𝑦 cos 𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑦
3. [ ] 4. [ ]
2𝑥 0 0 cos 𝑥
is
rs 550 to the postman bringing the parcel.
1. 0 2. ∞
No. of pages - 466, Dimension- 24*18 cm, Price – 550(including postage)
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ball is chosen randomly from the selected box. If 2. the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest
the ball turns out to be red, what is the probability eigenvalue of Σ.
that Box 1 had been selected? 3. the eigenvector corresponding to the largest
1 1 eigenvalue of Σ.
1. 2 2. 3 4. the vector of all the eigenvalues of Σ−1 .
2 1
3. 3 4. 6
58. Consider an 𝑀/𝑀/1 Queue with arrival rate 𝜆
53. For any two events 𝐴 and 𝐵, which of the
and service rate 𝜇 with 𝜇 > 𝜆 . What is the
following relations always holds?
1
probability that no customer exited the system
1. 𝑃2 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝑃2 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃2 (𝐴𝐶 ) ≥ before time 5?
3
1
2. 𝑃2 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝑃2 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃2 (𝐴𝐶 ) = 3 𝜇𝑒 −5𝜆 −𝜆𝑒 −5𝜇
2 (𝐴 𝐶) 2 (𝐴 2 (𝐴𝐶 ) 1. 2. 𝑒 −5𝜆 − 𝑒 −5𝜇
3. 𝑃 ∩𝐵 +𝑃 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃 =1 𝜇−𝜆
1 𝑒 −5𝜇
4. 𝑃2 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐶 ) + 𝑃2 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃2 (𝐴𝐶 ) ≤ 3 3. 𝑒 −5𝜆 + (1 − 𝑒 −5𝜆 )
5𝜇
54. Suppose customers arrive in a shop according to 𝑒 −5𝜆
4. 𝑒 −5𝜇 + (1 − 𝑒 −5𝜇 ) 5𝜆
a Poisson process with rate 4 per hour. The shop
opens at 10: 00 𝑎𝑚. If it is given that the second 59. A simple random sample (without replacement)
customer arrives at 10: 40 𝑎𝑚, what is the of size 𝑛 is drawn from a finite population of size
probability that no customer arrived before 𝑁(≥ 7). What is the probability that the 4𝑡ℎ
10: 30 𝑎𝑚? population unit is included in the sample but the
1. 4
1
2. 𝑒 −2 6𝑡ℎ population unit is not included in the sample?
𝑛(𝑛−1 𝑛(𝑁−𝑛)
1 −1/2 1. 2.
3. 2
4. 𝑒 𝑁(𝑁−1) 𝑁(𝑁−1)
(𝑛−1)(𝑁−𝑛+1) 𝑛
55. Suppose 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 is a random sample from 3. 𝑁(𝑁−1)
4. 𝑁
a distribution with probability density function 60. (𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) are the standard parameters of a
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 𝐼(0,1) (𝑥) , where 𝐼(0,1) (𝑧) =
balanced incomplete block design (𝐵𝐼𝐵𝐷) .
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 ∈ (0,1)
{ } . What is the probability density Which of the following (𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) can be
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
function 𝑔(𝑦) of 𝑌 = min{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 } ? parameters of a 𝐵𝐼𝐵𝐷 ?
1. 𝑔(𝑦) = 3𝑛𝑦 3𝑛−1 𝐼(0,1) (𝑦). 1. (𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) = (44,33,9,12,3)
2. 𝑔(𝑦) = 1 − (1 − 𝑦 3 )𝑛 𝐼(0,1) (𝑦) . 2. (𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) = (17,45,8,3,1)
3. (1 − 𝑦 3 )𝑛 𝐼(0,1) (𝑦) 3. (𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) = (35,35,17,17,9)
4. 3𝑛𝑦 2 (1 − 𝑦 3 )𝑛−1 𝐼(0,1) (𝑦) 4. (𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) = (16,24,9,6,3)
56. 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 are independent and identically
distributed 𝑁(𝜃, 1) random variables, where 𝜃 No. of pages - 466, Dimension- 24*18 cm,
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𝜃 ∈ {… , −2, −1,0,1,2, … }. Which of the following For copies text or Whatsapp ur postal
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57. Let (𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑝 ) be a random vector with
mean 𝜇 and a positive definite dispersion matrix PART ‘C’
Σ . Then the coefficient vector (𝑙1 , 𝑙2 , … , 𝑙𝑝 ) of 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻 − 𝟏
𝑝
the first principal component ∑𝑖=1 𝑙𝑖 𝑋𝑖
1. the vector of all the eigenvalues of Σ.
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4. 𝜔(𝑓𝑔) = 𝜔(𝑓) + 𝜔(𝑔) , if 𝑅 is an integral 89. Which of the following statements are true?
domain. 1. ℤ[𝑥] is a principal ideal domain.
2. ℤ[𝑥, 𝑦]/〈𝑦 + 1〉 is a unique factorization
84. Let (𝑋, 𝑑) be a metric space. Then domain.
1. An arbitrary open set 𝐺 in 𝑋 is a countable 3. If 𝑅 is a principal ideal domain and 𝑝 is a non-
union of closed sets. zero prime ideal, then 𝑅/𝑝 has finitely many
2. An arbitrary open set 𝐺 in 𝑋 cannot be prime ideals
countable union of closed sets if 𝑋 is connected. 4. If 𝑅 is a principal ideal domain, then any
3. An arbitrary open set 𝐺 in 𝑋 is a countable subring of 𝑅 containing 1 is again a principal
union of closed sets only if 𝑋 is countable.
ideal domain
4. An arbitrary open set 𝐺 in 𝑋 is a countable
union of closed sets only if 𝑋 is locally compact. 90. Let 𝔽2 be the finite field of order 2. Then which
85. Let 𝑆 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ ℝ2: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1} . of the following statements are true?
Let 𝑇 = 𝑆\(0,0), the set obtained by removing 1. 𝔽2 [𝑥] has only finitely many irreducible
the origin from 𝑆 . Let 𝑓 be a continuous function elements.
from 𝑇 to ℝ . Choose all correct options 2. 𝔽2 [𝑥] has exactly one irreducible polynomial
1. Image of 𝑓 must be connected. of degree 2.
2. Image of 𝑓 must be compact. 3. 𝔽2 [𝑥]/〈𝑥 2 + 1〉 is a finite dimensional vector
3. Any such continuous function 𝑓 can be space over 𝔽2 .
extended to a continuous function from 𝑆 to ℝ. 4. Any irreducible polynomial in 𝔽2 [𝑥] of degree
4. If 𝑓 can be extended to a continuous function 5 has distinct roots in any algebraic closure of 𝔽2
from 𝑆 to ℝ then the image of 𝑓 is bounded. 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻 − 𝟑
86. Consider the polynomial
𝑃(𝑧) = ∑𝑁 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 , 1 ≤ 𝑁 < ∞ , 𝑎𝑛 ∈ ℝ\{0}.
No. of pages - 466, Dimension- 24*18 cm,
Then, with 𝔻 = {𝑤 ∈ ℂ: |𝑤| < 1} Price – 550(including postage)
1. 𝑃(𝔻) ⊆ ℝ 2. 𝑃(𝔻) is open For copies text or Whatsapp ur postal
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𝐺 = {[ ] : 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑑 ∈ ℝ, 𝑎𝑑 = 1} , 𝐻 =
0 𝑑
1 𝑏 1
{[ ] : 𝑏 ∈ ℝ}. Which of the following 91. The functional 𝐽[𝑦] = ∫0 (𝑦′2 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 where
0 1
statements are correct? 𝑦(0) = −1 and 𝑦(1) = 1 on 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1 has
1. 𝐺 forms a group under matrix multiplication. 1. weak minimum 2. weak maximum
2. 𝐻 is a normal subgroup of 𝐺. 3. strong minimum 4. strong maximum
3. The quotient group 𝐺/𝐻 is well defined and is 92.Let 𝑥: [0,3𝜋] → ℝ be a nonzero solution of the
2
abelian. ODE 𝑥 ′′ (𝑡) + 𝑒 𝑡 𝑥(𝑡) = 0 for 𝑡 ∈ [0,3𝜋].Then
4. The quotient group 𝐺/𝐻 is well defined and is the cardinality of the set {𝑡 ∈ [0,3𝜋]: 𝑥(𝑡) = 0}
isomorphic to the group of 2 × 2 diagonal is
matrices (over ℝ ) with determinant 1. 1. equal to 1 2. greater than or equal to 2
3. equal to 2 4. greater than or equal to 3
88. Let ℂ be the field of complex numbers and ℂ∗ be 93. Consider the initial value problem 𝑦 ′ (𝑡) =
the group of non- zero complex numbers under
𝑓(𝑦(𝑡)), 𝑦(0) = 𝑎 ∈ ℝ where 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ .
multiplication. Then which of the following are
true? Which of the following statements are
1. ℂ∗ is cyclic. necessarily true?
∗
2. Every finite subgroup of ℂ is cyclic. 1. There exists a continuous function 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ
∗
3. ℂ has finitely many finite subgroups. and 𝑎 ∈ ℝ such that the above problem does not
∗
4. Every proper subgroup of ℂ is cyclic. have a solution in any neighborhood of 0.
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2. The problem has a unique solution for every 98. The order of linear multi step method 𝑢𝑗+1 =
𝑎 ∈ ℝ when 𝑓 is Lipschitz continuous. ℎ ′
(1 − 𝑎)𝑢𝑗 + 𝑎𝑢𝑗−1 + {(𝑎 + 3)𝑢𝑗+1 + (3𝑎 +
3. When 𝑓 is twice continuously differentiable, 4
the maximal interval of existence for the above
′
1)𝑢𝑗−1 } for solving 𝑢′ = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is
initial value problem is ℝ . 1. 2 if 𝑎 = −1 2. 2 if 𝑎 = −2
4. The maximal interval of existence for the 3. 3 if 𝑎 = −1 4. 3 if 𝑎 = −2
above problem is ℝ when 𝑓 is bounded and 99. Which of the following are canonical
continuously differentiable. transformations? (Where 𝑞, 𝑝 represent
𝑑𝑥 generalized coordinate and generalized
94. Let (𝑥(𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡)) satisfy for 𝑡 > 0, 𝑑𝑡
= −𝑥 + 𝑡 ,
𝑑𝑦 momentum respectively)
= −𝑦 , 𝑥(0) = 𝑦(0) = 1. Then 𝑥(𝑡) is
𝑑𝑡 1. 𝑃 = log sin 𝑝 , 𝑄 = 𝑞 tan 𝑝
equal to 1
2. 𝑃 = 𝑞𝑝2 , 𝑄 =
1. 𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑡𝑦(𝑡) 2. 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑝
−𝑡 1
3. 𝑒 (1 + 𝑡) 4. – 𝑦(𝑡) 3. 𝑃 = 𝑞 cot 𝑝 , 𝑄 = log ( sin 𝑝)
𝑞
95. Consider the wave equation for 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) ,
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
4. 𝑃 = 𝑞 2 sin 2𝑝 , 𝑄 = 𝑞 2 cos 2𝑝
− 2 = 0, (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈ ℝ × (0, ∞), 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥), 100. Let 𝑦(𝑥) be a piecewise continuously
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑢
𝑥 ∈ ℝ, (𝑥, 0) = 𝑔(𝑥), 𝑥 ∈ ℝ . Let 𝑢𝑖 be the differentiable function on [0,1] . Then the
𝜕𝑡 4
solution of the above problem with 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑖 and functional 𝐽[𝑦] = ∫0 (𝑦 ′ − 1)2 (𝑦 ′ + 1)2 𝑑𝑥
𝑔 = 𝑔𝑖 for 𝑖 = 1,2 where 𝑓𝑖 : ℝ → ℝ and 𝑔𝑖 : ℝ → ℝ attains minimum if 𝑦 = 𝑦(𝑥) is
are given 𝐶 2 functions satisfying 𝑓1 (𝑥) = 𝑓2 (𝑥) 𝑥
1. 𝑦 = , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
and 𝑔1 (𝑥) = 𝑔2 (𝑥) , for every 𝑥 ∈ [−1,1]. 2
−𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
Which of the following statements are 2. 𝑦 = { }
𝑥 − 2 ,1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
necessarily true? 2𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
1. 𝑢1 (0,1) = 𝑢2 (0,1) 2. 𝑢1 (1,1) = 𝑢2 (1,1) 3. 𝑦 = { }
−𝑥 + 6 , 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
1 1 1 1
3. 𝑢1 (2 , 2) = 𝑢2 (2 , 2) 4. 𝑢1 (0,2) = 𝑢2 (0,2) 𝑥 ,0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
4. 𝑦 = { }
2 2 −𝑥 + 6 ,3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
96. Let 𝑢: ℝ \{(0,0)} → ℝ be a 𝐶 function
101. Which of the following are the
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
satisfying 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦2 = 0 , for all (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0). characteristic numbers and the corresponding
Suppose 𝑢 is of the form 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = eigenfunctions for the Fredholm homogeneous
equation whose kernel is
𝑓(√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) , where 𝑓: (0, ∞) → ℝ , is a
(𝑥 + 1)𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑡
nonconstant function, then 𝐾(𝑥, 𝑡) = { }?
(𝑡 + 1)𝑥, 𝑡 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
1. 2 lim2 |𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦)| = ∞
𝑥 +𝑦 →0
1. 1, 𝑒 𝑥 2. −𝜋 2 , 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥 + cos 𝜋𝑥
2. 2 lim2 |𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦)| = 0
𝑥 +𝑦 →0 3. −4𝜋 2 , 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥 + 𝜋 cos 2𝜋𝑥
3. 2 lim |𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦)| = ∞ 4. −𝜋 2 , 𝜋 cos 𝜋𝑥 + sin 𝜋𝑥
𝑥 +𝑦2 →∞
4. 2 lim |𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦)| = 0 102. The integral equation
𝑥 +𝑦2 →∞ 2 𝜋
𝜙(𝑥) − 𝜋 ∫0 cos(𝑥 + 𝑡) 𝜙(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑥) has
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
97. The Cauchy problem 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 − 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 = 0 , 𝑢 = 𝑔 on Γ infinitely many solutions if
has a unique solution in a neighbourhood of 1. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 3𝑥
Γ for every differentiable function 𝑔: Γ → ℝ 3. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 3𝑥
if 𝑼𝑵𝑰𝑻 − 𝟒
1. Γ = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 > 0}
2. Γ = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1} 103. 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 are independent and
3. Γ = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 > 1} identically distributed as 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ), −∞ < 𝜇 < ∞,
2
4. Γ = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0} 𝜎 2 > 0. Then
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2
(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋) 107. Consider the Markov Chain with state space
1. ∑𝑛1 𝑛−1
is minimum Variance Unbiased 𝑆 = {1,2, … , 𝑛} where 𝑛 > 10. Suppose that the
Estimate of 𝜎 2 transition probability matrix 𝑃 = ((𝑝𝑖𝑗 ))
2
(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋)
2. √∑𝑛1 𝑛−1 is minimum Variance Unbiased satisfies 𝑝𝑖𝑗 > 0 if |𝑖 − 𝑗| is even, 𝑝𝑖𝑗 = 0 if |𝑖 −
𝑗| is odd. Then
Estimate of 𝜎 1. The Markov chain is irreducible.
2
(𝑋 −𝑋) 2. There exists a state 𝑖 which is transient.
3. ∑𝑛1 𝑖 is the Maximum Likelihood
𝑛−1 3. There exists a state 𝑖 with period (𝑖) = 1 .
Estimate of 𝜎 4. There are infinitely many stationary
2 distributions.
(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋)
4. √∑𝑛1 𝑛−1 is the Maximum Likelihood
Estimate of 𝜎 108. Let {𝑋𝑖 ; 𝑖 ≥ 1} be a sequence of
104. Let 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 be independent and independent random variables each having a
identically distributed random variables each normal distribution with mean 2 and variance 5.
following uniform (1 − 𝜃, 1 + 𝜃) distribution, Then which of the following are true
1
𝜃 > 0 . Define 𝑋(1) = min{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 } , 1. 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 converges in probability to 2.
1 1 𝑛
𝑋(𝑛) = max{𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑛 } and 𝑋 = 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 . 2. ∑ 𝑋 2 converges in probability to 9.
𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑖
Which of the following is true? 1 2
3. (𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 ) converges in probability to 4.
1. (𝑋(1) , 𝑋, 𝑋(𝑛) ) is sufficient for 𝜃 𝑋 2
4. ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ( 𝑖) converges in probability to 0
1 𝑛
2. 2
(𝑋(𝑛) − 𝑋(1) ) is unbiased for 𝜃
3 𝑛
109. Let 𝑋 be a random variable with a certain
3. ∑ (𝑋 − 1)2 is unbiased for 𝜃 2 non-degenerate distribution. Then identify the
𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑖
3 𝑛 2 correct statements
4. ∑ (𝑋 − 𝑋) is unbiased for 𝜃 2
𝑛 𝑖=1 𝑖 1. If 𝑋 has an exponential distribution then
105. A fair die is thrown two times 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛(𝑋) < 𝐸(𝑋)
independently. Let 𝑋, 𝑌 be the outcomes of these 2. If 𝑋 has a uniform distribution on an interval
two throws and 𝑍 = 𝑋 + 𝑌. Let 𝑈 be the [𝑎, 𝑏] , then 𝐸(𝑋) < 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛(𝑋)
remainder obtained when 𝑍 is divided by 6. Then 3. If 𝑋 has a Binomial distribution then
which of the following statement(s) is/are true? 𝑉(𝑋) < 𝐸(𝑋)
1. 𝑋 and 𝑍 are independent 4. If 𝑋 has a normal distribution, then
2. 𝑋 and 𝑈 are independent 𝐸(𝑋) < 𝑉(𝑋)
3. 𝑍 and 𝑈 are independent
110. Suppose the probability mass function of a
4. 𝑌 and 𝑍 are not independent random variable 𝑋 under the parameter 𝜃 = 𝜃0
106. 𝐴 and 𝐵 play a game of tossing a fair coin. and 𝜃 = 𝜃1 (≠ 𝜃0 ) are given by
𝐴 starts the game by tossing the coin once and 𝐵
then tosses the coin twice, followed by 𝐴 tossing 𝑥 0 1 2 3
the coin once and 𝐵 tossing the coin twice and 𝑝 𝜃0 (𝑥) 0.01 0.04 0.5 0.45
this continues until a head turns up. Whoever 𝑝 𝜃1 (𝑥) 0.02 0.08 0.4 0.5
gets the first head wins the game. Then, Define a test 𝜙 such that 𝜙(𝑥) =
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0,1
{ } For testing 𝐻0 : 𝜃 = 𝜃0
1. 𝑃(𝐵 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) > 𝑃(𝐴 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2,3
against 𝐻1 : 𝜃 = 𝜃1 , the test 𝜙 is
2. 𝑃(𝐵 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) = 2𝑃(𝐴 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 )
1. a most powerful test at level 0.05
3. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) > 𝑃(𝐵 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠) 2. a likelihood ratio test at level 0.05
4. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐵 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑠 ) 3. an unbiased test 4. test of size 0.05
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111. For a data set (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), … , (𝑥𝑛 , 𝑦𝑛 ) 2. 𝑈 and ∑𝑚 𝛼=1 𝑅𝛼 are linearly related.
𝑚𝑛
the following two models were fitted using least 3. 𝐸(𝑈) = 2 under 𝐻0 .
square method. 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 1 ∶ 𝑦𝑖 = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1 𝑥𝑖 , 4. Right tailed test based on 𝑈 is appropriate for
𝑖 = 1,2, … , 𝑛. 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙 ∶ 𝑦𝑖 = 𝛽0 + 𝛽1 𝑥𝑖 + 𝛽2 𝑥𝑖2 , testing 𝐻0 against 𝐻1 .
𝑖 = 1,2, … , 𝑛 . Let 𝛽̂0 , 𝛽̂1 be least square
114. 𝜃 is the probability of obtaining a head in
estimates of 𝛽0 , 𝛽1 from model 1 and 𝛽0∗ , 𝛽1∗ , 𝛽2∗
the toss of a coin. The coin is tossed three times
be the least square estimates from model 2. Let and we record
2
𝐴 = ∑𝑛1 (𝑌𝑖 − (𝛽̂0 + 𝛽̂1 𝑥𝑖 )) , 𝑌 = 1 if all the three tosses result in heads
2
𝑌 = 2 if all the three tosses result in tails
𝐵 = ∑𝑛1 (𝑌𝑖 − (𝛽0∗ + 𝛽1∗ 𝑥𝑖 + 𝛽2∗ 𝑥𝑖2 )) . Then 𝑌 = 3 otherwise.
If the prior density of 𝜃 is 𝐵𝑒𝑡𝑎(𝛼, 𝛽) , and
1. 𝐴 ≥ 𝐵 2. 𝐴 ≤ 𝐵
𝜃̂𝑖 is the posterior mean of 𝜃 given 𝑌 = 𝑖 , for
3. It can happen that 𝐴 = 0 but 𝐵 > 0 𝑖 = 1,2 , then
4. It can happen that 𝐵 = 0 but 𝐴 > 0 1. 𝜃̂1 > 𝜃̂2 2. 𝜃̂1 < 𝜃̂2
112. Let 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝜌) be the density of bivariate 3. The posterior density of 𝜃 given 𝑌 = 3 is a
0 Beta density
normal distribution with mean vector ( ) and
0 4. The posterior density of 𝜃 given 𝑌 = 3 is not
1 𝜌
Variance-Covariance matrix ( ). Consider a a Beta density
𝜌 1
𝑋 Suppose 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑘 are independent and
random vector ( ) having density 115.
𝑌
1 1 1 identically distributed standard normal random
(𝜙 (𝑥, 𝑦; ) + 𝜙 (𝑥, 𝑦; − )). Then
2 2 2 variables, and 𝑋 = (𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑘 )𝑇 . If 𝐴 is an
1. Marginal distribution of both 𝑋 and 𝑌 is idempotent 𝑘 × 𝑘 matrix, then which of the
standard normal.
following statements are true?
2. 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑋, 𝑌) = 0 𝑇 𝑇
3. 𝑋 and 𝑌 are independent. 1. 𝑋 𝐴𝑋 and 𝑋 (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝑋 are independent.
4. (𝑋, 𝑌) has a bivariate normal distribution. 2. 𝑋𝑇 𝐴𝑋 and 𝑋𝑇 (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝑋 are identically
𝑘
113. Suppose 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑚 are independent and distributed if 𝑘 is even and 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒(𝐴) = 2 .
1
identically distributed with common continuous 3. 2 𝑋𝑇 𝐴𝑋follows a gamma distribution if 𝐴 ≠ 0.
distribution function 𝐹(𝑥) and 𝑌1 , 𝑌2 , … , 𝑌𝑛 are 4. 𝑋 𝑇 (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝑋 follows a chi-squared distribution
independent and identically distributed with if 𝐴 ≠ 𝐼 .
common continuous distribution function
116. We are given some balanced incomplete
𝐹(𝑥 − 𝜃). Also suppose 𝑋𝑖 and 𝑌𝑖 are
block designs (𝐵𝐼𝐵𝐷𝑠) with parameters
independent for all 𝑖, 𝑗. Consider the problem of
(𝑣, 𝑏, 𝑟, 𝑘, 𝜆) such that 𝜆 = 1 and 𝑘 = 1 (are
testing 𝐻0 : 𝜃 = 0 against 𝐻1 : 𝜃 > 0 . Let
fixed). With which of the following values of v
𝑅𝛼 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝑋𝛼 ), 𝛼 = 1,2, … , 𝑚 and
can one construct such a 𝐵𝐼𝐵𝐷?
𝑅𝑚+𝛽 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘(𝑌𝛽 ), 𝛽 = 1,2, … , 𝑛 among
1. 𝑣 = 15 2. 𝑣 = 23
𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , … , 𝑋𝑚 , 𝑌1 , 𝑌2 , … , 𝑌𝑛 , Define 3. 𝑣 = 25 4. 𝑣 = 28
𝑛
𝑈 = ∑𝑚 𝛼=1 ∑𝛽=1 𝜓(𝑋𝛼 , 𝑋𝛽 ) where 117. Suppose 𝑌 is the sample mean of the study
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏 variables corresponding to a sample of size n
𝜓(𝑎, 𝑏) = { } . Which of the following
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 ≥ 𝑏 using simple random sampling with replacement
are true?
scheme and 𝑌𝑠𝑡 is the sample mean of the study
𝑅 = 𝑛 + 𝑚, 𝑅2 = 𝑛 + 𝑚 − 1, 1 variables corresponding to a sample of size 𝑛
1. 𝑃 [ 1 ] = (𝑚+𝑛)!
𝑅3 = 𝑛 + 𝑚 − 2, … , 𝑅𝑚+𝑛 = 1 using stratified random sampling with
under 𝐻0 replacement scheme under proportional
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when we move from 3𝑒𝑑 diagrom to 4𝑡ℎ inner 23. Given that 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ such that 𝑓(0) = 0
triangle (1) comes outside, the triangle (2) and 𝑑𝑓
and |𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)| ≤ 5 for all 𝑥 , Take 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 ,
outer small square comes inside the triangle (2)
𝑑𝑓
. Next diagram will be given by (3) , (3) is true. Hence 𝑓(0) = 0 and |𝑑𝑥 (𝑥)| = 5 ≤ 5, Now
10. A milk man adds 10L of water to 90L of 𝑓(1) = 5, Hence (1), (3), (4) are incorrect for
milk, ie. Total quantity = 100𝐿 . Ratio of water 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥. Consider 𝑓 in [0,1] , differentiable
1
to milk = 1: 9 . After selling − 𝑡ℎ of the total on (0,1) , then there exists some 𝑐 ∈ (0,1) such
5
quantity, ie. 20L. So remaining quantity = 80L. 𝑓(1)−𝑓(0)
that 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 1−0
= 𝑓(1) ( By mean
Ratio of water to milk in 80L = 1: 9 ⟹ 𝑥 +
9𝑥 = 80 ⟹ 𝑥 = 8 unit. ⟹ In remaining value theorem ) , Also given that |𝑓 ′ (𝑐)| ≤ 5 .
mixture 80L water + 72L milk. Now he adds Hence, we have |𝑓 ′ (𝑐)| ≤ |𝑓(1)| ≤ 5 , ie,
water equal to quantity he has sold = 20L 𝑓(1) ∈ [−5,5] , (2) is true.
water. Now, Total quantity = 28L water + 72L
milk. Ratio of water to milk = 28: 72 , (2) is 24. Given 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 , 𝐵3 be subset of ℝ4 , we know
true. if 𝑉 is a vector space of dimension 𝑛 and 𝑆 ⊆ 𝑉
such that |𝑆| = 𝑛 , and 𝑆 is linearly
For detailed solution of all the independent, then 𝑆 is basis of 𝑉 . So, only we
need to check 𝐵𝑖 is linearly independent or not,
questions, please place ur for 𝑖 = 1,2,3 . Clearly 𝐵1 and 𝐵2 are linearly
order by sending ur postal independent sets as determinant of matrix
address to Salu Somanathan, formed by vectors of 𝐵1 and 𝐵2 is non- zero
imply 𝐵1 and 𝐵2 are basis, But 𝐵3 is linearly
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to the postman bringing the 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 −𝑥 𝑎 −𝑝
25. 𝐷1 = det [𝑥 𝑦 𝑧] , 𝐷2 = det [ 𝑦 −𝑏 𝑞 ],
parcel. 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑧 −𝑐 𝑟
Let 𝑎 = 1, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑟 = 1 and 𝑥 = 𝑝 = 𝑞 = 𝑏 =
21. 𝑓: ℝ2 → ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 , 1 0 0
𝑓𝑥 = 𝑦 , 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑥 . In the direction of (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) , 𝑐 = 𝑧 = 0 , Then 𝐷1 = det [0 1 0] = 1 and
the directional derivative is 𝑎1 𝑓𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑓𝑦 = 0 0 1
0 1 0
𝑎1 𝑦 + 𝑎2 𝑥 , At the point (1,2) is 2𝑎1 + 𝑎2 , 𝐷2 = det [1 0 0] = −1 , so (1), (2), (4)
Actually we want to normalize the vector, but 0 0 1
the normalized answer is not in the given are incorrect. Hence (3) is correct.
options, So the most appropriate answer is (2). For, let 𝐷1 = det 𝐴 , Now consider the series of
1 2𝑛−1 3
transformation given by 𝐴 → 𝐴𝑇 → 𝑅2 (−1) →
22. lim ∑ 𝑗 𝑅3 (−1) → 𝐶1 ↔ 𝐶2 → 𝐶1 (−1) → 𝐶3 (−1) ,
𝑛→∞ 4 𝑗=0
𝑛
1 3 Let the new matrix be 𝐵 . Then 𝐷2 = det 𝐵 ,
= lim [1 + 23 + ⋯ + (2𝑛 − 1)3 ]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 4 Note that in this whole process the determinant
1 (2𝑛−1)(2𝑛) 2 1 (2𝑛−1)2 (2𝑛)2 value of 𝐴 gets multiplied by −1 in effect. Thus
= lim [ ] = lim [ ]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛4 2 𝑛→∞ 4
𝑛 4
𝐷1 = −𝐷2 . Hence (3) is correct one.
1 1 2 1
= lim [(2 − ) (2)2 ] = (4 × 4) = 4
𝑛→∞4 𝑛 4
26. Given 𝑋 = {(𝑥𝑛 ): 𝑥𝑛 ∈ {0,1}, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ} ,
(1) is true. 𝑌 = { (𝑥𝑛 ) ∈ 𝑋: 𝑥𝑛 = 1 for at most finitely
32. we have 𝑟(𝐽) = 1 and 𝑟(𝐵) = 3𝑟(𝐽) = 3 , 38. The number of nonsingular 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrices
Hence (4) is correct. over 𝐹𝑝 is given by,
|𝐺𝐿𝑛 (𝐹𝑝 )| = (𝑝𝑛 − 1)(𝑝𝑛 − 𝑝) … (𝑝𝑛 − options 1 and 4 are correct but options 2 and 3
𝑝𝑛−1 ) , So, number of non-singular 3 × 3 are wrong.
matrices over 𝐹2 is (23 − 1)(23 − 2)(23 − 64. We have sin 𝑥 ≈ 𝑥 in the neighborhood of
1 1
22 ) = 7 × 6 × 4 0, Therefore 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ≈ 𝑥 sin 𝑥 =
= 168 , So, option (1) is correct. 1
𝑔(𝑥) near zero. We have 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 sin is
𝑥
𝑛
39. Theorem: Every open subset 𝑂 in ℝ , 𝑛 ≥ continuous at 0 and 𝑔(0) = 0 ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) is
1 can be written as a countable union of almost continuous at 0 and 𝑓(0) = 0 , So (1), (4) are
disjoint closed cubes. There for (3) is correct. true.
Also by squeeze theorem we can prove this
40. By Cayley theorem, every finite group is 1 1
easily, for 0 ≤ |sin 𝑥 × sin 𝑥| ≤ |𝑥 sin 𝑥|,
isomorphic to some subgroup of 𝑆𝑛 … (1) . Also
𝑆𝑛−2 is isomorphic to some subgroup of 𝐴𝑛 . As 𝑥 → 0 , 𝐿𝐻𝑆 and 𝑅𝐻𝑆 tends to zero. So
1
𝑆𝑛−2 ≤ 𝐴𝑛 … (2). Let G be a finite group of sin 𝑥 × sin 𝑥 → 0, We have done.
order m. 𝐺 ≤ 𝑆𝑚 ≤ 𝐴𝑚+2 = 𝐴𝑛 , ie, every
finite group is a subgroup of 𝐴𝑛 for some 𝑛 ≥ 65. 1. Weierstrass M test – Let (𝑀𝑛 ) be a
1 , Option (2) is correct. sequence of positive real numbers such that
|𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)| ≤ 𝑀𝑛 for all ∈ 𝐷 , 𝑛 ∈ ℕ if the
For detailed solution of all the series ∑ 𝑀𝑛 is convergent, then ∑ 𝑓𝑛 is
questions, please place ur uniformly convergent on 𝐷 .
𝑒 −𝑛|𝑥| |𝑒 −𝑛𝜋 | 1
order by sending ur postal 1. |𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)| = |
𝑛3
|≤ 𝑛3
≤ 𝑛3 , since
address to Salu Somanathan, 𝑒 −𝑛𝜋 ≤ 1
1 1
9746699755. The book will Since |𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)| ≤
𝑛3
and ∑ 𝑛3 is convergent,
be send to ur address as VPP, u ∑ 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) is uniformly convergent.
sin(𝑥𝑛) 1
can get ur book by giving rs 550 2. |𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)| = |
𝑛5
| ≤ 𝑛5
to the postman bringing the 1
Since ∑ 𝑛5 is convergent, ∑ 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) is uniformly
parcel. convergent.
𝑥 𝑛
3. ∑∞
𝑛=1 ( ) 𝑛
61. 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = (−𝑥)𝑛 , for 𝑛 even the limiting 𝑥 𝑛 |𝑥|𝑛 𝜋 𝑛
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ∈ (0,1) |𝑓𝑛 (𝑥)| = |(𝑛) | ≤ ≤ (𝑛 ) ,
function 𝑓(𝑥) = { }, (1) is true 𝑛𝑛
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1 𝜋 𝑛+1
𝜋 𝑛 𝑎 ( )
and (2) is false. At 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = (−1)𝑛 does 𝑎𝑛 = (𝑛) , lim 𝑎𝑛+1 = lim 𝑛+1
𝜋 𝑛
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ ( )
not converges point wise, (3) is false. For 𝑛 𝜋 𝜋
𝑛
𝑎𝑛+1
odd, there exists point wise convergent = lim 𝑛 = × 0 = 0 , lim →0
𝑛→∞ (1+ 1 ) (𝑛+1) 𝑒 𝑛→∞ 𝑎𝑛
𝑛
subsequence, also we proved for 𝑛 even. So (4)
⟹ ∑ 𝑎𝑛 is convergent . (D’ Alembert’s
is incorrect.
Ratio Test). Then 𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) is uniformly
62. (1), (4) are correct. convergent.
1
63. From the given information we get 𝐵 = 4. ∑∞
𝑛=1 , −𝜋 <𝑥<𝜋 ,
[(𝑥+𝜋)𝑛]2
1
𝐴−1 . Recall that det 𝐴−1 = det 𝐴 and that the 1
𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) = [(𝑥+𝜋)𝑛]2 → 0 = 𝑓(𝑥)
inverse of an integer matrix 𝐴 is an integer
matrix iff det 𝐴 = ±1. Thus, we conclude that
74. Clearly unit disc centered at (−1,0) is path scalar multiplication. Therefore 𝑉4 is subspace
connected and thus connected also of 𝑀𝑛 , Thus (4) is correct.
1
{(𝑥, 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ) , 𝑥 > 0} is path connected and
1 77. 𝑃 and 𝑄 are invertible matrices such that
connected ( since 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0 is 𝑃𝑄 = −𝑄𝑃 ⟹ 𝑃𝑄𝑃−1 = −𝑄 ⟹ 𝑄 and – 𝑄
uniformly continuous function , then graph of are similar matrices ⟹ 𝑡𝑟(𝑄) = 𝑡𝑟(−𝑄) ⟹
the given function in ℝ2 as considered as a set 𝑡𝑟(𝑄) = −𝑡𝑟(𝑄) ⟹ 2𝑡𝑟(𝑄) = 0 ⟹ 𝑡𝑟(𝑄) =
is path connected ) , Since (0,0) is common 0 . Similarly, we can prove 𝑡𝑟(𝑃) = 0 . ie,
point for these two sets imply 𝐴 is path 𝑡𝑟(𝑃) = 𝑡𝑟(𝑄) = 0 , So option (1) and (3) are
connected and connected . But correct.
1
{(𝑥, 𝑥 sin 𝑥 ) , 𝑥 > 0} is not bounded ( 𝑥 is not
78. Given matrix is a permutation matrix of
bounded) imply 𝐴 is not bounded and so is not
order 𝑛. This permutation matrix can be written
compact, (1), (3) are correct.
as a one 𝑛 − cycle given by (1 𝑛 𝑛 − 1 … 3 2) ,
1 1 Thus the eigen values of this matrix are the
75. Let 𝐴 = [ ] , Characteristic polynomial (Complex ) 𝑛 − 𝑡ℎ roots of unity . Thus (1)
1 0
1±√5 alone is correct one.
is 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑥 = 2 , ie, the
1+√5 1−√5 79. 𝑃(𝑧) =
eigenvalues are 𝛼1 = 2 and 𝛽1 = 2 .
(∑5𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 )(∑9𝑛=0 𝑏𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 ), 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑏𝑛 ∈ ℝ, 𝑎5 ≠
|𝛼1 | ≥ |𝛽1 | ⟹ 𝛼1 > 1 and −1 < 𝛽1 < 0 .
Therefore, eigen values of 𝐴𝑛 are 𝛼𝑛 and 𝛽𝑛 , 0, 𝑏9 ≠ 0 , a polynomial of degree 14 ⟹In ℂ ,
1+√5
𝑛
1−√5
𝑛 all roots exist, (2) is correct. Now ∑5𝑛=0 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑛
𝛼𝑛 = (𝛼1 )𝑛 = ( ) and 𝛽𝑛 = (𝛽1 )𝑛 = ( ) , it has at least one real root and ∑9𝑛=0 𝑏𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 has
2 2
. As 𝛼1 > 1 ⟹ 𝛼𝑛 = (𝛼1 )𝑛 → ∞ as 𝑛 → ∞ at least one real root, otherwise 𝑎𝑛 and 𝑏𝑛 will
and as −1 < 𝛽1 < 0 ⟹ 𝛽𝑛 → 0 as → ∞ . Also no longer remain real, imply 𝑃(𝑧) has at least 2
𝛽𝑛 is negative quantity ⟹ 𝛽𝑛 = (𝛽1 )𝑛 is real roots. Thus (1), (2) are correct and (3), (4)
positive if 𝑛 is even and is negative if 𝑛 is odd. are incorrect.
So (1), (2), (3), (4) are correct.
80. Since 𝑔: 𝐷 → 𝐷 is holomorphic and 𝑔(0) =
76. 𝑀𝑛 is vector space of all 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrices. 0 , Therefore by Schwartz theorem, |𝑔(𝑧)| ≤
1. 𝑉1 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 : 𝐴 is non- singular } |𝑧| for all 𝑧 ∈ 𝐷 and |𝑔′ (0)| ≤ 1 , In particular
1 0 −1 0 1 1
For 𝑛 = 2 , [ ] ∈ 𝑉1 , [ ] ∈ 𝑉1 but |𝑔 (2)| ≤ 2 , Thus option (4) is correct and (3)
0 1 0 −1
1 0 −1 0 is incorrect.
[ ]+[ ] ∉ 𝑉1 ⟹ 𝑉1 is not closed 𝑔(𝑧)
0 1 0 −1 , 𝑧 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑧 ≠ 0
under addition, so (1) is incorrect. Further ℎ(𝑧) = { 𝑧 }
′ (0),
2. 𝑉2 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 : det 𝐴 = 0} 𝑔 𝑧=0
1 0 0 0 𝑔(𝑧)−𝑔(0)
For 𝑛 = 2 , [ ] ∈ 𝑉2 , [ ] ∈ 𝑉2 but , 𝑧 ∈ 𝐷, 𝑧 ≠ 0
0 0 0 1 = { 𝑧−0 } ,
′ (0),
1 0 0 0 𝑔 𝑧=0
[ ]+[ ] ∉ 𝑉2 ⟹ 𝑉2 is not closed 𝑔(𝑧)−𝑔(0)
0 0 0 1 Clearly lim ℎ(𝑧) = lim 𝑧−0 = 𝑔′ (𝑧) and
under addition, so (2) is incorrect. 𝑧→0 𝑧→0
3. 𝑉3 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 : 𝑡𝑟(𝐴) = 0} ℎ(0) = 𝑔′ (0) ⟹ ℎ(𝑧) = 𝑔′ (𝑧) for all 𝑧 ∈ 𝐷 .
Let 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ 𝑉3 ⟹ 𝑡𝑟(𝐴) = 0, 𝑡𝑟(𝐵) = 0 , we know that in ℂ if a function is differentiable
𝑡𝑟(𝛼𝐴 + 𝛽𝐵) = 𝛼𝑡𝑟(𝐴) + 𝛽𝑡𝑟(𝐵) = 0, 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ ones, then it is infinitely many times
ℝ ⟹ 𝛼𝐴 + 𝛽𝐵 ∈ 𝑉3 ⟹ 𝑉3 is subspace. differentiable. Therefore ℎ(𝑧) is holomorphic
4. 𝑉4 = {𝐵𝐴: 𝐴 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 } where 𝐵 is some fixed (Analytic ) in 𝐷 . Thus (1) is correct. Further as
𝑔(𝑧)
matrix in 𝑀𝑛 . |𝑔(𝑧)| ≤ |𝑧| ⟹ | 𝑧 | ≤ 1 , ie, |ℎ(𝑧)| ≤ 1 for
Let 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 ⟹ 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 ⟹ all 𝑧 ∈ 𝐷 ⟹ ℎ(𝐷) ⊆ 𝐷 , (2) is true.
𝐵𝐴1 , 𝐵𝐴2 ∈ 𝑉4 and 𝐵(𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) ∈ 𝑉4 ie, 𝐴1 +
𝐵𝐴2 ∈ 𝑉4 . Also 𝛼(𝐵𝐴) ∈ 𝑉4 for all 𝐵𝐴 ∈ 𝑉4
and ∈ ℝ . Thus 𝑉4 is closed under addition and
For detailed solution of all the questions since 2011, please place ur order by
sending ur postal address to Salu Somanathan, 9746699755. The book will
be send to ur address as VPP, u can get ur book by giving rs 550 to the postman
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