OBJECTIVES

 To practice drawing Lewis electron dot structures and structural formulas for assigned
molecules.
 To predict the molecular shape or geometry of a molecule or ion using the VSEPR
Theory from Lewis structures and by building molecular models.
 To determine the polarity of the molecule.

INTRODUCTION

A Lewis Structure is a representation of covalent molecules (or polyatomic ions) where all
the valence electrons are shown distributed about the bonded atoms as either shared electron
pairs (bond pairs) or unshared electron pairs (lone pairs). A shared pair of electrons is
represented as a short line (a single bond). Sometimes atoms can share two pairs of electrons,
represented by two short lines (a double bond). Atoms can even share three pairs of electrons,
represented by three short lines (a triple bond). Pairs of dots are used to represent lone pair
electrons.

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR), model is used to predict the geometry
of molecules based on the number of effective electron pairs around a central atom. The main
postulate for the VSEPR theory is that the geometrical structure around a given atom is
principally determined by minimizing the repulsion between effective electron pairs. Both the
molecular geometry and the polarity of individual bonds then determine whether the
molecule is polar or not.

APPARATUS

Molecular model

CHEMICALS

PROCEDURE

1. By using the straight line symbol for a bonding pair and dots for other electrons, draw
Lewis electron dot structures for the following molecules.
2. How many bonding and how many nonbonding electron pairs on the central atom in
each molecules are located.
 SiH4, NBr3, PF3, BF3, GeCl3, SF6, ICl5, C2H4, N2, H2O
3. VSEPR Theory: predict the shapes of the following molecules using VSEPR Theory.
The models of the molecules are build.
H2O, CH4, BCl3, BeF2, PCl5, SF6, NF3
4. The polarity of the molecule requires an additional step is determined. Look at
whether the atoms surrounding the central atom are all identical to one another, after
determining the shape.

DISCUSSION

In this experiment, we can recognize Lewis structure and shapes in covalent molecules from
the results. It helped us apprehend the relation among an atoms form and its polarity. In
additional, we could also form ionic molecules to assist us apprehend the distinction between
the two types of molecules, and electonegativity.

We can determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar from the shape. A polar molecule
is one in which one side, or end, of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other
side, or end, has a slight negative charge. This will occur whenever the molecule is not
completely symmetric. Unless, the molecule is a hydrocarbon.

The other simple case, a molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element, is nonpolar
precisely because it is completely symmetric.

CONCLUSION

The form does have an effect on the polarity of the model, and a molecule need to have two
halves to be polar, one negative and one positive. The actual distinction notion among polar
and non-polar molecules lies inside the electronegativity difference, which additionally
affects the orientation of the molecules shapes and angles. In conclusion, this experiment
simply beneficial way to understand a molecules form, and its polarity.

REFERENCES

https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/molecular-shapes-and-polarity-2/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-chemistry/chapter/molecular-shape-and-
polarity/

https://pediaa.com/how-does-molecular-shape-affect-polarity/