Gashem is liable for damages on the basis of Article 21 of the Civil Code not because of the breach of

promise to marry perse, but because of the fraud and deceit employed by the petitioner in his protestations
of love and the wilful injury to her honor and reputation. In the case, the petitioner's promise to marry is in
fact the proximate cause of the acceptance of his love by the respondent and his representation to fulfil that
promise thereafter becomes the proximate cause of the giving of herself unto him in a coitus, proof that he
had, actually, no intention of marrying her in the first place and that the promise was only a deceptive or
cunning means to seduce her to accept him and to obtain her consent to the sexual act. Respondent Marilou
surrendered her virginity, the cherished possession of every single Filipina, not because of lust but because
of moral seduction. The act by petitioner was undoubtedly committed in a manner contrary to morals, good
customs or public policy. In short,