GLOBALIZATION
world.
-Is culture affected by Globalization?
-Is there any globalization or is it just
westernization?
DEFINITION:
 The continuous evolution and unstable
global order. (Samuel Huntington,
Francis Fukuyama, Thomas Friedman)
 is a social process of reshaping and
remaking the world order.
 it is a phenomenon of spreading
worldwide practices, relations,
consciousness, and organization of
social life. (Ritzer, 2008)
Justine Rosenberg = as a phenomenon rise to the
interconnectedness of human society that
replaced the sovereign state system with a
multilateral system of global governance.
Common landmarks of the global society
Migration, Economic, Organizations, Political
alliances, Digital world
Forces and Drivers of Globalization
Economics, Politics, Culture, Environment,
Individuals and Institution, Technology
CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALIZATION
Approaches to phenomenon (3)
How does man: confront the phenomenon, sees
reality, perceive globalization
Qualities and Characteristics of Globalization-
McGrew 2002
1. Creation and Multiplication- breaking
the traditional norms and practices
2. Expansion and Stretching- expansion of
local economies through opening their
economies to the other parts of the
3. Intensification and Acceleration-
REALISM- from Greek word “res” which means
real.
 Belief in a reality that is completely onto
logically independent of our conceptual
schemes, linguistics practices, beliefs,
etc.
 We take the situation as it is, base on
what you see, based on your senses, not
based on what you ought to be.
 A doctrine that the objects of our senses
exist independently of their being known
or perceived by mind.
 Deals with the fact that reality has an
absolute existence independent from
our thoughts, idea and even
consciousness.
 You believe what you see, not on your
mind.
“Realism is the reinforcement of our common
acceptance of this world as it appears to us.”
Butler
“The doctrine of realism asserts that there is a
real world of things behind and corresponding to
the objects of perception” J.S Ross
CLASSICAL REALIST
Aristotle- to see is to believe
St. Thomas Aquinas- 5 ways to prove existence of
God.
o Focused on the reality that power is the
source of globalization
o in the global context, there is also an
issue of who wields power among
sovereign states, the core idea of
 dominating the world is through the
employment of power.
o affirms the idea that there is a shifting
distribution of power among states;
Force comes from different angles, depending
on power availability
-Economic (market and resource)
-Political (military and territory)
-Technology (logistics and system)
Countries may suffer and struggle to maintain its
power if used wrongly.
In realism, globalization is synonymous with
westernization ad Americanization
1st reason- financial returns of expanding
opportunities to the capitalist.
2nd reason- continued centrality of political
power and military strength are obvious forces
of interdependence and realistic behavior of the
more and most powerful countries.
IDEALISM
 Oldest systematic philosophy in western
culture which is a believe that ideas are
the only true reality. (Ozmon and Craver
2008)
 You have to have an idea first to have
reality.
 Idea is the only truth
 This philosophy begins with Plato
 (428-347 B.C.E.) (Orstein and Levine
2011)
 The world of ideas -> permanent
 The world of senses -> temporary
 A philosophical belief claiming that
material things are IMAGINARY, that
material things do not exist
independently but only as constructions
in the world.
DEVELOPMENT OF IDEALISM
Platonic Idealism (Plato 427-437 B.C.E)
“people should concern themselves in searching
for truth”
 importance and use of diglectic (or
critical discussion)
 Two worlds:
world or ideas (forms)
world of matter (ever-changing)
 people do not create knowledge, but
rather they discover it. (Doctrine of
Reminiscence and in Meno)
 Values and norms play a vital roles in
sustaining and reforming the process
and works of individuals, groups and
nations.
 Globalization is a function of ideologies.
Theories, systems, and identities
 Core beliefs centers on the centrality of
ideas, beliefs, emotions and collective
values that shape the political and
economic landscapes of the world.
 Values the importance of
“appropriateness” and “transportency”
in reshaping and framing rules affecting
the general welfare of its members, may
it be individual.
LIBERALISM- free for all (a philosophy that
emphasizes individual freedom)
3 branches:
Economic- Adam Smith (proposed in his concept)
CAPITALISM, LASSIEZ FAIRE
Social- John Stuart Mill; FREEDOM OF SPEECH,
ASSOCIATION
Political- John Locke; LIBERAL PARTY, CIVIL
RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY
“man is naturally free”
 Liberalism- Globalization is man’s freedom of
Historical Origin choice.
The age of enlightenment
Significant Events
Declaration of Independence
French revolution, American Revolution, British
revolution, Bill of Rights

Effects:
Decline in absolute power in government
Increase in democracy
Individual rights
More freedom
Free enterprise/Market

Historical Significance
Government today, UNDH

 Actors and institutions emphasize

relationships and negotiations
 Observes the importance of interaction
and communication and focus on solving
problems and conflicts affecting them
 Evident in countries where democratic
governance and institutions play a major
role in maintaining domestic and
international affairs.
 Global interconnectedness appears to
be a product of voluntary act of people
as evidenced by the following
- The spread of democracy and
institution
- Global economic
- International organizations

How to approach Globalization

REALISM- Globalization is a reality of life and we
cannot avoid it,
IDEALISM- Globalization is a product of man’s
ingenuity and idealism of coming up a “perfect”
world.