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CONTINUOUS COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLE-CONTACT OPERATION

Strong Fresh
solvent
solution V2 V3 Vn-1 Vn
V1 Vn+1

Stage (n-1)

Stage n
Stage 2
Stage 1 L2
L0 L1 Ln-2 Ln-1 Ln
Feed solid Extracted
or slurry solids

Fig.5: Schematic diagram indicating the operation of a


continuous counter current multiple contact system
23-08-2019 14:15 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 170

The equations for the material balances over the


whole system are as follows.

Total : L0  Vn1  Ln  V1 –9

For any component

L0 x0  Vn1 y n1  Ln xn  V1 y1 - 10

L0 ( xA )0  V n 1( y A ) n 1  Ln ( xA ) n  V1 ( y A )1 - 11

23-08-2019 14:16 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 171

A material balance for any stage m in the system


gives, with a simple rearrangement to express the
difference in the flow of the streams between
stages, what might be called the “net flow”
towards the nth stage (to the right). For total
streams,
Lm1  Vm  Lm  Vm1  Lm1  Vm2  - 12
difference in total streams as represented by
equation 12
23-08-2019 14:16 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 172
For any component the net flow toward stage
n (to the right)

Lm1( x)m1  Vm ( y)m  Lm ( x)m  Vm1( y)m1  - 13

Difference in mass of any particular


component as represented by equation 13.

23-08-2019 14:20 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 173

Equation 13 divided by Equation 12, gives the


resulting difference in mass fraction (xA)∆, (xS)∆
or (xC)∆ , representing the relative net flow of
each component toward stage n (to the right).
Lm 1 ( x)m 1  Vm ( y)m Lm ( x)m  Vm 1 ( y)m 1
( x)    - 14
Lm 1  Vm Lm  Vm 1

which may be written as (xA), (xS) or (xC).


23-08-2019 14:20 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 174

The compositions or coordinates of the


difference point for the streams on either side of
stage m are identical. The same difference point
represents relative net flow for any stage or for
all stages in the operation.
L0 ( x A )0  V1 ( y A )1 L1 ( x A )1  V2 ( y A ) 2
( xA )  
L0  V1 L1  V2
Ln ( x A ) n  Vn 1 ( y A ) n 1 - 15.a

Ln  Vn 1
23-08-2019 14:20 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 175
Similar equations 15.b and 15.c may be written
for (xS)∆ or (xC)∆, respectively.

If the quantities and compositions of any two


passing streams, as the terminal streams at the
same end of the system, are known, the location
of the difference point is fixed, since (xA)∆ and
(xS)∆ or(xC)∆ are fixed by the equations 15.a 15.b
or 15.c.
23-08-2019 14:21 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 176

Lm-1 – Vm, or total net flow toward stage n, may be


either positive or negative since the sign indicates
the direction.

If the composition of all terminal streams are fixed


by choice or otherwise, the relative quantities of
the streams and the number of ideal stages are
thereby also fixed and may be determined
graphically by the procedure outlined in figure 15.
23-08-2019 14:22 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 177

1
xS or yS, mass fraction solvent, S

yIv

yIII
xn yII
y1
E J

xIv
G
x
xIII II x1
0 1
xA or yA, mass
fraction solute, A
Δ
Fig.15: Graphical solution of countercurrent multiple contact
solid – Liquid extraction.
23-08-2019 14:22 7th Semester, Chemical Engineering, AEC 178

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