CRANIAL NERVES CN II: OPTIC NERVE

- Sensory
- A human has 12 pairs or cranial - Not true Cranial Nerve
nerves, which leave the bran and - Lies in the retina
pass through foramina and fissures in - Exit or passage way: Optic canal
the skull
- They are either referred to by either CN III: OCULOMOTOR NERVE
its name or Roman Numeral - Motor
- Not true cranial nerves: - Somatic and Visceral Efferent
• Olfactory - Somatic
• Optic • Extrinsic Eye mm
- Medial Rectus
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF CN - Superior Rectus
NERVES - Inferior rectus
- A cranial nerve can have one and - Inferior oblique
more functions. The functional • Muscle that raise the upper eye lids
components are conveyed from or to - Levator Palpebrae Superioris
the brainstem by 6 types of nerve - Visceral
fibers: • Constrictor Pupillae
• Somatic Efferent Fibers - Exit/ Enters: Superior orbital Fissure
- Muscle or Body
- Eye and tongue CN IV: TROCHLEA NERVE
• Branchial Efferent Fibers - Motor
- Gills - Most tender Cranial Nerve
- Neck and Face Muscles - Innervates:
- Swallowing, vocal sounds, • Superior Oblique
respiration, turning of head - Exit/ Enters: Superior orbital Fissure
• Visceral Efferent Fibers
- Smooth muscles CN VI: ABDUCENS NERVE
- Internal organs - Motor
- Inner eyes, lacrimal glands, - Innervates:
heart, lungs • Lateral Rectus
• Visceral Afferent Fibers - Exits/ Enters: Superior Orbital Fissure
- Carry gustatory impulses
• Somatic Afferent Fibers CN V: TRIGEMINAL NERVE
- Conveys impulses from the body - Mix/ Both
to the brain - 3 Divisions
• Special Sensory Fibers • Ophthalmic
- Innervation that are used for - Exits/ Enter : Superior orbital
smell, equilibrium, small vision Fissure
• Maxillary
CN I: OLFACTORY NERVE - Exits/ Enter: Foramen Rotundum
- Sensory • Mandibular
- Not true cranial nerve - Exits: Enter: Foramen Ovale
- Has something to do with the limbic - Muscles innervated: mm of
system Mastication
• Used to relax, to sleep • Temporalis: Closes Mouth
- Exit/ Enters: Cribiform Plate • Masseter: Closes Mouth
• Mylohyoid :Closes Mouth
 • Pterygoid : • Somatic Afferent : Superior
- Lateral Pterygoid: Open mouth Ganglion
- Medial Pterygoid: Closes Mouth - Innervates: External Auditory
• Tensor Tympani (mm of middle ear) Meatus and part of the earlobe
- Afferent Fiber • Visceral Afferent: Inferior Ganglion
• Corneal reflex - Innervates: Pharynx, Larynx,
- To elicit blinking Trachea, Esophagus, Thoracic
and abdominal viscera
CN VII: FACIAL NERVE
- Nervous intermedium CN XI: ACCESSORY NERVE
• Parasympathetic - Sometimes not considered as part of
• Innervates Lacrimal Gland brainstem
- Facial nerve proper - Innervates:
- Sensory: CN V (anterior 2/3 of • Sternocleidomastoid: Turns head to
tongue) opposite side
- Taste: CN VII • Trapezius: elevates and rotates
- Enters/ Exits : Internal Auditory scapula
Meatus - Lesion: Weakness in turning the head
on the opposite side and Shoulder
CN VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR shrug
NERVE
- Mix/ Both CN XII: HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
- Exits/ Enters: Internal Auditory - Somatic efferent:
Meatus
- Lesion: Imbalance and Loss of
Hearing

CN XI: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
NERVE
- Both/ Mix
- Brachial Efferent : Ambiguus Nucleus
- Visceral Efferent : inferior salivatory
nucleus
- Sensory and Taste of Tongue
- Taste : Posterior 1/3
- Afferent Fiber:
• For gag reflex
CN X: VAGUS NERVE
- 4 types of
• Branchial Efferent : Ambiguus
nucleus
- Innervates: soft palate and
pharynx
• Visceral Efferent : Dorsal Motor
Nucleus
- Innervates: Thoracic and
Abdominal Viscera