Parro, Larraine Grace S.

BS PSYCH 2 TTH 12:00-1:30 PM

1. Why does the body need to get rid of nitrogenous wastes?

The body needs to get rid of nitrogenous wastes because it produces ammonia and it is toxic.
Ammonia is formed in the body once the protein or amino acids are degraded. It is dangerous
especially in the brain cells and it would cause the lack of alpha- ketoglutarate and accumulation of
glutamine. To flush out ammonia inside the body, it requires large amounts of water. Nitrogenous
wastes need to be excreted.

2. What is a Urinary Tract Infection? Enumerate some common causes.

A Urinary Tract Infection or known as UTI is a urinary system infection. The organ parts of the urinary
system, the bladder and the urethra are mostly infected. Women are more affected of Urinary Tract
Infection than men. If the infection is spread on kidneys, however, it is already a serious consequence.
Majority of UTIs are caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Chlamydia and gonorrhea can
be a cause of UTI. People are more likely to have UTI if they already have had one, have kidney stones
or other infection in the urinary system, diabetic, and obese.

3. How does blood clotting happen?

Blood clot happens in a series of interaction of chemicals. First, platelets form a plug. When a blood
vessel is damaged, platelets get triggered then sticks together to walls and form like a plug. Second,
the clot grows. Proteins signal then creates a rapid chain reaction. These tangles up and create a trap.
The clot becomes tougher. Third, reactions stop its growth. Proteins clot other proteins more. Lastly,
your body slowly breaks it down. The tough fibrin strands no more, and your blood takes back the cells
and platelets of the clot.

4. How long can the brain last without oxygen?

“Brain death” is when the entire brain lost its function. The legal time of death is when a brain stops its
neurological function and lost it. Time is significant for an unconscious person. Lack of oxygen in the
brain begins after 4 minutes permanently and next, death can occur as soon as 4 to 6 minutes. There
is the reason why need of knowledge about CPR or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If CPR is performed
within 6 minutes of cardiac arrest, the brain may survive. CPR should be done professionally. Brain
cells are very fragile and sensitive and they really need oxygen.
REFERENCES:
https://biochemistrymedicine.wordpress.com/2014/06/28/why-is-ammonia-toxic-to-the-body/
https://science.jrank.org/pages/2623/Excretory-System-Nitrogenous-wastes.html
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/nitrogenous-wastes/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20353447
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/189953.php#symptoms
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/urinary-tract-infections-utis
https://www.google.com/search?q=How+long+can+the+brain+last+without+oxygen%3F&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH87
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