SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICESOF THE

RESIDENTS IN COASTAL BARANGAYS OF TANZA, CAVITE

A Thesis Proposal
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College of Economics, Management, and Development Studies
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements of the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Development Management

RIC ALFRED M. HERRERA

GLAIZA MAE P. PLAZA
MAY 2020
 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICESOF THE
RESIDENTS IN COASTAL BARANGAYS OF TANZA, CAVITE

Ric Alfred M. Herrera

Glaiza Mae P. Plaza

An undergraduate thesis outline submitted to the faculty of the Department of

Development Studies, College of Economics, Management, and Development
Studies, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Development Management with
the Contribution No.____ Prepared under the Supervision of Mrs. Nelia E. Feranil

INTRODUCTION

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot be achieved if waste

management is not addressed as a vital issue for development (Lenkiewicz, 2016).

The Philippine R. A 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of

2000 is the comprehensive approach to Solid Waste Management and promoting

3R’s: reduce, reuse and recycle (DENR, 2001).Municipal Solid Wastes as generated

wastes out of the behaviors of the people inside thejurisdiction of local government

units such as industrial, commercial and household wastes. Solid Wastes is the

concern of this study.

Population and economic growth are the results of development or

modernization. To cater the increasing population, more establishments and

institutions are built to meet the demands of the people. The high consumption of the

people is simultaneous to economic development but lefts the environmental

development behind. Rapid increase of population, urbanization, social and

economic progress result to mass production of waste. Therefore, these

developments may cause much environmental pollution and waste which can affect

the sound environment. The solid wastes have become a major consequence of

development, modernization and urbanization. The solid waste affects the natural

environment and is a serious threat as these materials remain unless removed,

burned or washed away (Anand, 2010). Impacts on problems concerning health and

setting of the people will arise without proper management and planning. According

to Mustaq (2010), eradicating risk of community health and protecting the locale are

the significant endeavors of Solid Waste Management (SWM). Solid waste is a waste

a person considers disposing. Managing waste is one of the most expensive public

service the government offers. Collecting, transporting, treating and disposing waste

that doesn’t harm the environment came to be a problem because of the increasing

of waste production levels as the outcome of urbanization and growth in economic.

The countries that face the worst scenarios of managing wastes are the ones

developing because their revenue to enforce is limited (Mustaq, 2010).

In the Philippines, developing and implementing SWM is an obligation vested

under LGUs such as provinces, cities, municipalities and barangay (World Bank,

2001). Philippines as a developing country has a growing number of advancing cities

which constitutes to its global competitiveness. Different establishments, number of

inhabitants and source of income generate solid wastes. The annual waste

generation of the Philippines in 2012 was 106 million tons which is expected to

double in 2025 (DOST, 2012). Local government units (LGUs) are responsible for

managing solid wastes. The Philippines has 81 provinces, 145 cities, 1,489

municipalities, and 42,045 barangays (Philippine Statistics Office, 2019).

The status of Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a critical to set what should

be done by the government and private sectors for better results and better policy

making. Solid waste management contributes to the progress in economic, social

and public health of one’s community and country. Solid waste management keeps
business to take place, attracting investors to trust the country and community in the

success of their ventures. It keeps the community clean and the people disciplined.

SWM avoids chaos between individuals with regards to each other‟s‟ waste disposal.

The health of the citizens should be prioritized. The most important resource the

country has is human resource, without people working, the country cannot generate

income. The children whose health is most delicate at a young age can also be

affected with solid waste management. With this, the researchers found the need and

urge to study solid waste management.

Tanza is a municipality on the coast of Cavite province.The city has an area

of 95.59 square kilometers or 36.91 square miles, which constitutes 6.07 percent of

the total area of Cavite. According to the 2015 Census, its population was 226,188.

This represented 6.15% of the Cavite province's total population, or 1.57% of the

CALABARZON region's total population (PhilAtlast,2015).

The Local Government Unit plays a big role in implementing Solid Waste

Management. This paper provides the status of compliance of both the residents and

the coastal barangay LGU on the ordinances and laws on Solid Waste Management.

Statement of the problem

This study aims determine the disposal practicesand problem encountered in

solid waste management ofselected coastal barangays in Tanza, Cavite.

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the coastal barangays of Tanza, Cavite?

2. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?

3. What are the disposal practices of the residents of coastal barangays of

Tanza, Cavite?

4. What are the problems encountered in solid waste disposal practices adopted

by the coastal barangays in Tanza, Cavite in participating solid waste

management?
Objectives of the study

The main objective of the study is to explore the solid waste disposal

practices and problem encountered of the public in solid waste management

inselected coastal barangays inTanza, Cavite, considering the challenges and

prospects for future management, specifically;

1. To determine the profile of the coastal barangays of Tanza, Cavite.

2. determine the demographic profile of respondents in coastal barangays

ofTanza, Cavite.

3. To identify waste disposal practices of the residents of coastal barangays of

Tanza, Cavite.

4. To identify the problem encountered in solid waste management

implementation processes adopted by thecoastal barangays ofTanza, Cavite

in participating solid waste management.

Significance of the Study

This section will provide help to the government, students, community,

readers, and future research in the following ways;

This study will help the government to know what methods and regulations to

be implemented regarding solid waste management.

The study will help every members of the community for proper disposal of

solid waste; also, provide knowledge about solid waste management

This study will provide ideas on how the residents of General Trias City,

Cavite manage their waste. In addition, it will give them idea on managing their own

wastes.

This study will help the readers to know the residence of General Trias City,

Cavite manage their wastes.

 This study will help the future researchers as the basis of their study as

additional literature for their future investigations.

Scope and limitations of the study

The study focuses on the assessment of the coastal barangays in Tanza,

Cavite about their solid waste disposal practices. The participants on this study will

be the residents of the selected coastal barangay. The researchers did not include

and conduct the research in any barangay of Tanza.

Definition of terms

For the purpose of this study, the following definition are used.

Wasterefers to household solid waste and is defined by Wray (2000) as any

materials that currently have a negative value to their owner and are to be disposed

of.

Waste management is defined as the process of dealing with or controlling

waste. The waste management processes covered in this study include waste

generation, handling, storage, collection, and transportation, minimization and final

disposal. It is imperative at this stage to define these processes, before embarking on

other aspects of the study.

Waste generation refers to the production of waste.

Waste handling covers the action of dealing with the waste (sweeping,

tidying and clearing) after generation and prior to final disposal.

Waste storage refers to the action of accumulating and piling of rubbish

before disposal.
 Waste collection and transportation refers to the action of removing the

waste from the household.

Waste final disposal refers to the methods used by the household to get rid

of their wastes, such as burning, burying, landfill and others.

Waste minimization covers the methods used to avoid or reduce waste such

as recycling, re-use, reducing waste productiASon and recovering energy from waste

materials.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCES OUTPUT

Socio-demographic Assessing the solid Solid waste disposal
profile disposal practices. problem encountered
Problem Disposal practices of
encountered the residents in
Figure 1: coastal barangay in
tanza, cavite

Fig.1 Conceptual Model on the study of solid waste disposal practice

The input variable is focused on the demographic profile of the coastal

residents and problem encountered in solid waste disposal practices. The process

variable is assessed using the criteria set by the researchers which are all based on

the perception of the participants and patterned from the review of related literature
and studies. The output variable of the research will see the solid waste disposal

practices of residents in coastal barangay of Tanza, Cavite.

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter contains some related studies and related literature bearing on

the study. This gave important concepts and ideas for the development of the study.

In technical note, the term ‘solid waste’ is used to include all non-liquid

wastes generated by human activity and a range of solid waste material resulting

from the disaster, such as general domestic garbage such as food waste, ash and

packaging materials; human faces disposed of in garbage; emergency waste such as

plastic water bottles and packaging from other emergency supplies; rubble resulting

from the disaster; mud and slurry deposited by the natural disaster; and allen trees

and rocks obstructing transport and communications. Other specialist wastes, such

as medical waste from hospitals and toxic waste from industry, will also need to be

dealt with urgently, but they are not covered by this technical note (World Health

Organization, 2011).

Department of Environmental and Conservation cited that solid waste

potential any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water grant

remedy plant, or air pollution manipulate facility and other discarded substances

inclusive of solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from

industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community

activities, but does now not encompass strong or dissolved components in domestic

sewage, or stable or dissolved substances in irrigation return flows or industrial

discharges that are component sources issue to enable below 33 USC 1342, as

amended (86 Stat. 880), or source, one-of-a-kind nuclear or spinoff material as

described via the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (68 Stat. 923) except as

may also be furnished through the use of existing agreements between the State of

New York and the government of the United States.

 Moreover, Solid-waste management, collecting, treating, and disposing of

solid fabric that is discarded because it has served its motive or is no longer useful.

Improper disposal of municipal stable waste can create unsanitary conditions, and

these conditions in flip can lead to air pollution of the environment and to outbreaks

of vector-borne disease, illnesses unfold by rodents and insects. The duties of solid

waste management current complex technical challenges. They additionally pose a

wide range of administrative, economic, and social issues that ought to be managed

and solved (Britannica).

According to Rinkesh (2019), Solid waste administration is a time period that

is used to refer to the technique of gathering and treating solid wastes. It also

presents solutions for recycling objects that do not belong to garbage or trash. If

human beings have been dwelling in settlements and residential areas, rubbish or

stable waste has been an issue. Waste management is all about how strong waste

can be changed and used as a valuable resource. Solid waste management be

embraced by means of every and each family along with the enterprise owners

across the world. Industrialization has added a lot of appropriate things and bad

things as well. One of the terrible consequences of industrialization is the introduction

of solid waste.

Rinkesh’s (2019) study found that there are various sources of waste. Every

day, tons of solid waste is disposed of at more than a few landfill sites. This waste

comes from homes, offices, industries and several other agricultural associated

activities. These landfill websites produce foul smell if waste is not stored and dealt

with properly. It can pollute the surrounding air and can severely influence the health

of humans, flora and fauna and our environment.

In accordance to Rinkesh’s (2019) study residences and properties where

humans stay is some of the most important sources of stable waste. Garbage from

these places include food wastes, plastics, paper, glass, leather, cardboard, metals,
yard wastes, ashes and distinctive wastes like cumbersome household items like

electronics, tires, batteries, ancient mattresses and used oil. Most houses have

rubbish bins the place they can throw away their stable wastes in and later the bin is

emptied by way of a garbage collecting association or person for treatment.

Industries are recognized to be one of the largest contributors of solid waste.

They consist of light and heavy manufacturing industries, construction sites,

fabrication plants, canning plants, electricity and chemical plants. These industries

produce strong waste in structure of housekeeping wastes, food wastes, packaging

wastes, ashes, building and demolition materials, different wastes, clinical wastes as

properly as other hazardous wastes.

Commercial amenities and structures are but every other supply of solid

waste today. Commercial constructions and amenities in this case refer to hotels,

markets, restaurants, go downs, stores and office buildings. Some of the stable

wastes generated from these places include plastics, food wastes, metals, paper,

glass, wood, cardboard materials, special wastes and different hazardous wastes.

The institutional facilities like schools, colleges, prisons, army barracks and

other government facilities also produce solid waste. Some of the common solid

wastes acquired from these locations encompass glass, rubber waste, plastics,

meals waste, wood, paper, metals, cardboard materials, electronics as nicely as

several hazardous wastes.

Construction sites and demolition web sites additionally contribute to the

stable waste problem. Construction sites include new development sites for

structures and roads, avenue repair sites, building renovation sites and building

demolition sites. Some of the solid wastes produced in these locations consist of

steel materials, concrete, wood, plastics, rubber, copper wires, dirt and glass.
 Solid waste can be divided into five types of garbage, which can usually be

found at home. These include liquid wastes, solid wastes, organic wastes, recycled

wastes and hazardous wastes.

It is known that recycling of waste in accordance with the principle of the

hierarchy is aimed at the possibility of reusing waste before it is started to be

prevented, minimized and recycled. Precautions: before disposing of the product, its

main goal is to reduce the quantity and type of hazardous substances used and

avoid adverse effects on human health and the environment. Recycling of by-

products: waste can be reused, recycled or recycled through effort and preparation

(Oemgrisa,2017).

However, waste classification is based on environmental and human health

risks. Waste classification into groups with very bulky waste, hazardous waste limited

to solid waste, general solid waste (putrescible), general solid waste (non-

putrescible) and similar risks for the environment and human health is facilitated by

proper management and disposal (EPA, 2017).

The Republic Act 9003 addresses some issues related to solid waste

disposal. To this end, local authorities should implement guidelines to promote the

proper disposal of solid waste (Abocejo, et. al., 2015). As cited by Baruga et. al

(2018), Waste Management Act 2000 is an Act on Waste Management Programs.

Provide the necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives and announce

specific measures for prohibited, predictable sanctions and other objectives. Adopted

by Parliament and the Senate in 2000 and signed by the President on January 26,

2001. This is expressly stated in the law.

According to Randy, J., 2016, government policy regulates a systematic,

integrated and environmentally friendly waste management system. To understand

the nature of this system, it would be useful to identify solid waste and the
categorization methods of this law and 2) restrictive laws. Waste types defined in RA

9003; Solid waste, all household waste, commercial waste, harmless organs and

industrial waste, road cleaning, construction waste, agricultural waste and other non-

toxic/non-toxic solid waste, in addition, household waste, such as paint, solvent,

battery, acid battery, aerosol, etc. This includes waste from private and commercial

sources, consisting of large-scale waste, household appliances, household

appliances, separately collected waste, oil. This waste is usually treated separately

from other household and commercial waste. Hazardous waste - this can lead to

serious or debilitating diseases that can lead to increased mortality from solid, liquid,

gas or semi-solid waste or cause acute / chronic consequences for the health of

people and other organisms. Infectious waste is mainly found in hospitals. Mineral

waste, including contaminated soil and garbage. In this category, RA 9003 is

considered comprehensive for hazardous wastes listed in the previous list, and partly

for solid wastes. However, this law does not guarantee the proper disposal and

absolute management of hazardous waste, infectious waste or mine waste.

The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) asked the newly

elected barangay officers to seriously buckle down to work with the aid of initiating

splendid measures on proper solid waste administration mainly with the creation of

the wet season.

Municipal solid waste consists of commercial and domestic wastes generated in

municipal or notified areas in either strong or semi-solid form aside from industrial

hazardous wastes, but which include dealt with bio-medical wastes

In Memorandum Circular 2018-112, Año called on the barangay newly elected

officers (BNEOs) to arrange or reorganize their respective barangay ecological solid

waste administration committee (BESWMC) that shall take the lead in formulating a

community stable waste management software regular with the municipality/city.

 Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological and Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

affords the introduction of the BESWMC as well as stipulates that segregation and

series of stable waste shall be conducted at the barangay level, especially for

biodegradable, compostable and reusable waste.

The BESWMC will be composed of the punong barangay as the chairperson,

and one sangguniang barangay, SK chairperson, president of house owners

association, public/private faculty principal or representatives, one parents and

teachers affiliation president or representative, one consultant from a religious

organization, business

community, environmental nongovernmental organization, junk shops owners agency

and president of the market vendors’ affiliation as members.

Peji (as cited by Cuevas, 1998) identified the six functional elements of solid

waste as follows:

Waste Generation compasses those activities in which materials are identified as

no longer being of value and either thrown away or gathered for disposal. It is

important to note that there is an identification step and that is these steps varies with

everyone. This is also activity that is not very controllable.

Waste Handling and Separation, Storage and Processing at the Source is waste

handling and separation involve the activities associated with managing waste until

they are place in storage containers for collection. Handling also encompasses the

environment of loaded containers to the point of collection. Separation of wastes

component is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the

source.

Collection, it includes both the gathering of solid waste and recyclable materials

and the transport of these materials, after collection, to the location where the
collection vehicle is emptied, such as a material processing facility, a transfer station

of landfill.

Transfer and transport, it involves two steps; the transfer of waste from the

smaller collection vehicle to the large transport equipment andhe subsequent

transport of the wastes, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal site.

The transfer usually take place at a transfer station. Although a motor vehicle

transport is the most common, rail cars and barges are also used to transport waste.

Separation, Processing and Transformation of Solid Waste is the means and

facilities that are now used for recovery of waste materials that have been separated

at the source include curbside collection and drop-off and buy back centers. The

separation and processing of wastes that have been separated at the source and the

separation of commingled wastes usually occurs at materials recovery facility (MRF),

transfer stations, combustion facilities and disposal sites. Transformation process are

used to reduce the volume and weight of waste requiring disposal and to recover

conversion product and energy. The organic fraction of MSW can be transformed by

a variety of chemical transformation process. Aerobic composting is the most

commonly used biological transformation process.

Disposal by land filling or land spreading is the fate of all solid wastes, whether

they are residential wastes. Collected and transported directly to a landfill site.

Residual materials from MRF’s residue from the combustion of solid waste or other

substances from the various solid waste processing facilities. A modern sanitary

landfill is not a dump. It is a method of disposing of solid waste on land within the

waste’s mantle without creating public health hazard or nuisances.

Solid waste disposal is the discipline of producing, storing, collecting,

transporting, transporting, processing and disposing of solid waste in a way that is

most suitable for health, conservation, health and safety in an artfully pleasant
economy. Other technical and environmental aspects. Solid waste disposal includes

planning, management, finance, technical and legal issues. This solution may include

complex interdisciplinary relationships between areas such as health, urban and

regional planning, political science, geography, sociology, economics,

communication and preservation, demography, engineering and materials science

(Leblanc, 2018).

Leblanc argues that the main purpose of solid waste management is to

reduce and eliminate the side effects of waste on human health and the environment

in order to improve economic development and quality of life.

Loge et al. (as cited in Hardeep et al., 2013), after conducting a research

found out that the success of any solid waste management plan rests on on the

people of the community. Abdella and Balla in their study on domestic SWM and its

impact on human health and the environment in Sharg El Neel, Khartoum State,

Sudan, added that the low educational background of the residents reflects their poor

practices and attitudes towards solid waste management. (Abdella and Balla, 2013).

Moreover, according to Sphores et el., (as cited in Massawe et al., 2014) income and

status of employment which are products of the level of education are good

indicators to the degree of willingness and participation in recycling.

There are many stringent regulations governing the treatment and disposal of

waste in the UK, both onshore and offshore, and in most other countries as well.

Facilities involved in waste transfer and treatment require licenses, and all personnel

who work at such facilities require the proper kind of training that goes with the

handling of waste that can often be dangerous if not handled properly. Waste

management facilities also need to be able to respond quickly to emergency

situations. By their very nature there is rarely any warning that an emergency is

about to occur. For that reason, emergency response teams need to be on standby
every hour of every day, and every day of every year. Waste management disposal

and treatment can originate from both domestic and industrial sources (Rose, 2009).

According to the nature of human life, we find that humans produce waste

that leads to pollution. At the same time, however, people are trying to find a

consistent solution for solid waste management and pollution prevention. People also

seek to provide natural resources for future generations, reducing the consumption of

these natural resources, maximizing processing and recycling. Therefore, peace can

achieve sustainable development in this context. This document examines how the

principles of 3R (reduction, reuse and recycling) can contribute to sustainable

development. To explore and evaluate people's behavior and desires on the 3R

principle, this study depends on Chinese research on ammunition. The results show

that the test samples were formed, but there was no interference on the 3R principle.

I do not have enough knowledge about the environment (Samiha, 2013)

The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in

a barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered

through an interview with household members using open-ended questions.

Interviews were also conducted with garbage collectors as well as scavengers.

Results showed that the households generated an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste

per day, or 0.50 kg/capita/day. The types of wastes commonly generated are

food/kitchen wastes, papers, PET bottles, metals, and cans, boxes/cartons, glass

bottles, cellophane/plastics, and yard/garden wastes. The respondents segregate

their wastes into PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No

respondents perform composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is

not done by the respondents. The households rely on garbage collection by the

government. Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household

members bring their garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are

those who dump their garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in a corner
of the street. The dumped garbage becomes a breeding ground for disease-causing

organisms. Some household respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in

certain areas caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their family members.

Mothers and household helpers are responsible for household waste management.

Scavengers generally look for recyclable items in the dumped garbage. All of them

said that it is their only source of income, which is generally not enough for their

meals. Most of the respondents said that garbage collection and disposal is the

responsibility of the government. The results of the study showed that RA 9003, also

known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, is not fully

implemented in Metro Manila (Bernardo, 2008).

This study highlights the results of the study that was conducted to analyze

the solid waste management practices of the waste generators, and the extent of

their compliance with the Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2000. The study was conducted in Bacolod City,

Philippines in 2007. The findings of this study served as basis in developing a

handbook on solid waste management (Ballados, 2010).

The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the

implementation of its Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairmen

here took at one-day seminar-workshop on the program. The activity was held at the

Legislative Building here last Wednesday, August 29. Motiong Mayor Francisco M.

Langi Sr. said 30 barangay chairmen of his municipality attended said seminar-

workshop sponsored by the town government conducted Municipal Planning and

Development Officer, Engr. NicasioPermejo. Langi said all the barangay chairmen

were educated on the provisions of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2003 so that

they would be acquainted with and help implement the law in their respective

barangays and propagate environmental preservation. He said the town government

will strictly implement the “no segregation, no collection policy” in allMotiong’s

barangays and urged the barangay officials to put up a Materials Recovery Facility

(MRF) where they can segregate bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste

materials. Such materials can be turned into a livelihood as, according to Langi,

“there is money in junk” (Abrematea, 2012).

There are many human activities that contribute to waste. This waste is a

serious human problem and a threat to nature if it is improperly and properly

disposed of. Solid waste management plays an important role in the preservation of

life and nature. Waste management is particularly problematic in urban areas. The

Philippines is considered an Asian tiger economy with rapid growth and

development. This progress is associated with solid waste management issues

(Abocejo et al., 2015)

Renkish (2019) discussed the urban centers also contribute immensely to the

stable waste crisis in most nations today. Some of the strong waste delivered about

by using the municipal offerings include, street cleaning, wastes from parks and

beaches, wastewater treatment plants, landscaping wastes and wastes from

recreational areas including sludge.

Mustaq (2010) mentioned that managing waste is one of the most expensive

public service the government offers. Collecting, transporting, treating and disposing

waste that doesn‟t harm the environment came to be a problem because of the

increasing of waste production levels as the outcome of urbanization and growth in

economic. The countries who face the worst scenarios of managing wastes are the

ones developing because their revenue to enforce is limited. Consequently,

wastemanagement involves a lot of people who carry out different duties to aid in

sustaining hygienic and secured surroundings for people so that there will be

protection to the welfare of the populace and environment. However, effective solid

waste management in many countries is still a test to the governments, particularly to

unindustrialized ones (Othchere et al., 2014). Eradicating risk of community health

and protecting the surroundings of the community are the significant purposes of

SWM (Mustaq, 2010).

Visuanathan et al., (as cited in Chiemchairisi et al., 2007) said that the

composition of solid waste in some Asian Countries are highly biodegradable and

mainly composed of organic materials which can easily be broken down. In addition,

large communities such as cities have developed strong foundation for more efficient

municipal solid waste management while the small and average-sized areas are still

struggling to the challenge of limited funds and technology, absence of awareness

concerning environmental issues, efficiency of implementing policies and regulations,

and not enough cooperation (Xue et al., 2012).

Linden et al., (as cited in Othchere et al, 2014) mentioned that there are ten

(10) common challenges to solid waste management in Asia. These are: unsuitable

treatment, insufficient administration, illegal disposal, financial problems, shortage of

human power, lack of political support, lack of policy making, policy problems, rapid

waste generation, no information dissemination to the mass and inadequate land

areas to become landfills. Furthermore, according to Atienza (2008), for the past

seven decades, several policies have already been implemented by the Philippine

Government to address the dangers of SWM. But problems regarding different

issues continued to resurface, several factors such as lack of command and

ineffective monitoring contributed to thefailure of these policies to address the

problem.
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This research will use descriptive research to determine the disposal

practices and problem encountered in solid waste management, the researcher will

use descriptive research to gather the information needed for the study.

Descriptive research is a method of describing and classifying studies. However,

descriptive study is one that is based on saying, “what is subject is really like, rather

than on developing theories.

The study will use descriptive research as a research design study. The study

will use to determine what is the solid waste disposal practices and problems

encountered of the residents in the selected coastal barangays of Tanza, Cavite.

Participants of the Study

The participants of the study are the residents along the coastal communities

of Tanza, Cavite. The total number of the participants are selected through

systematic random sampling techniques. With the 7 percent of marginal error, the

completed sample size from a population of 25,093 is 204. The participants are

selected from barangays of Julugan, Halayhay and Sahud Ulan.

Table 1. Distribution of Participants of the study by Barangay

BARANGAY TOTAL PERCENTAGE SAMPLE

POPULATION

Julugan I 5,113 20 42

Halayhay 6,835 28 56

Sahud Ulan 13,145 52 106

TOTAL 25, 093 100 204

 In this study, both primary and secondary data are considered. Primary data

are collected by executing field survey with the subjects. Primary data will gather

along the residents of costal barangay in Tanza, Cavite with actual interview.

Secondary source of data like records, contingency plans and total number of

residents are collected in the municipal hall. Secondary data are also collected from

academic journals and textbooks for literature review and internet.

Sampling Technique

All the participants are selected through systematic random sampling. This

sampling method will be conducted to the members of a population who selected at a

random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval. This interval, called the sampling

interval, is calculated by dividing the population size by the sample size. In order to

conduct this sampling strategy, the authors defined the population first, listed down

all the members of the population, and then selected members to make the sample.

The authors will use an interview schedule in gathering information.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will send a letter of request in municipality to seek approval

in conducting the study. The study will use a survey questionnaire to describe the

demographic and socio-economic characteristics such as sex, age, educational

attainment, occupation and estimated monthly income. Type of family, number of

households and number of years of residency, are also part of socio-economic

characteristics of households. It also determines the solid waste disposal practices,

awareness, knowledge in terms of solid waste disposal practices and problem

encountered in solid waste disposal with four-point Likert scale. The residents that

are the participants in study will head of the family which will be 18 years old and

above.
 The survey questionnaire was adopted from the previous study of fldgreat

(2017) entitled “Solid Waste Management Practices in Barangay Saturnino”. A

survey questionnaire is a printed self-report form designed to elicit information that

can be obtained through the written responses of the respondent. The survey

questionnaire will translate in Filipino for better comprehension. The questionnaire

has three sets. The first part will determine the demographic and socio-economic

characteristics of the participants. The second set of the questionnaire is into two

parts. The first part will determine the demographic and socio-economic

characteristics which includes the sex, age, educational attainment, occupation,

estimated monthly income, type of family, number of households, number of years of

residency and number of dependent in the family. Part II to part III of the

questionnaire will use a four-point Likert’s Scale. The second part is about the level

of implementation of proper solid waste management practices and the third part is

about the problems encountered by the community people in the implementation of

solid waste.

The weighted mean for each indicator will be computed and the range of weighted

means are given corresponding description as follows:

SCORE RANGE OF WEIGHTED MEAN DESCRIPTION

4 3.25 – 4.00 Fully Practice

3 2.50 – 3.42 Moderately Practiced

2 1.75 – 2. 49 Slightly Practiced

1 1.00 – 1. 74 Not Practiced

Statistical Treatment of Data

The descriptive statistics will use to describe the variable: mean, standard

deviation, percentage and frequency count. Chi-square test will use to determine if

there is a relationship between the socio-economic profile and the disposal practices

of the residents.

Spearman’s Rank will use to determine the significant relationship between

the selected socio-economic profile of the residents to their disposal practices.

Slovin’s formula was used to compute the sample size of this study.

𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒

Where in:

n=Sample Size

e= Desired Margin of Error

N= Population