ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FOOTING

1. Flexure

Table 2.3 – Design cantilever distance, l, for use of designing reinforcement.

Type of Column l

Concrete 𝐵−𝑐
2

𝐵 − 𝑐⁄2
Masonry
2

2𝐵 − (𝑐 + 𝑐𝑝 )
Steel
4

Note: 1. If the column has a circular, octagonal, or other similar shape, use a square
with an equivalent cross-sectional area.
1. B = footing width; c = column width; cp = base plate width.
The factored moment, Mu, at critical section is:

𝑞𝑛𝑢 𝐵 𝑙 2
𝑀𝑢 =
2
𝑃
Where: qnu = factored net soil pressure = 𝐴𝑢
𝑓
Af = actual area of the footing used

The nominal moment capacity of the footing, Mn, is:

𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2

𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
Where: 𝑎 =
0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 𝑏
d = effective depth

2. Required Reinforcement
The required area of steel, As, for each direction
1.08𝑀𝑢
𝐴𝑠 =
∅ 𝑓𝑦 𝑑

The minimum area of tensile reinforcement for structural slabs and footings of uniform thickness
stated in sections 401.6.4 and 407.13.2.1 NSCP 2001 are as follows:

1. For fy = 275MPa or 345 MPa

min As = 0.0020bh
2. For fy = 415 MPa
min As = 0.0018bh
3. For fy > 415 MPa
0.0018(415)𝑏ℎ
min 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑓𝑦

Where: b = width of the footing

h = overall thickness of the footing

Minimum and Maximum Spacing Requirements

1. The maximum spacing shall not exceed the lesser of 3h and 450mm (Sec. 410.6.4, NSCP 2001)
2. The maximum spacing (center to center) is the largest of
a) 2db
b) 25 mm + db
c) (1.33 + max. aggregate size) + db
3. Shear
3.1. One-way Shear (Beam Shear)

The factored shear force, Vu, is:

𝑉𝑢 = (𝑞𝑛𝑢 )(𝐵 𝑙𝑣 )

where: (𝐵 − 𝑐)
𝑙𝑣 = −𝑑
2

The nominal shear strength, V, is:

√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝐶 =
6

where: bw = length of the critical shear

surface

3.2. Two-way Shear (Punching Shear)

The factored shear force, Vu at critical section

is:
𝑉𝑢 = (𝑞𝑛𝑢 )(𝐵2 − 𝐶1 2 )

where: 𝐶1 = c + d

The nominal shear strength, Vn, is: Vn = Vc

Where Vc shall be the smallest of:

2 √𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑐 𝑑
a) 𝑉𝑐 = (1 + )
𝛽𝑐 6

𝛼𝑠 𝑑 √𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑜 𝑑
b) 𝑉𝑐 = ( + 2)
𝑏𝑜 12

√𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑜 𝑑
c) 𝑉𝑐 =
3
where:
αs = 40 for interior column
= 30 for edge column
= 20 for corner column
βo = ratio of long side to the short side of column
bo = perimeter of critical section for footing
= 4C = 4 (c + d)