Lubricant Base Oil

Deasphalting Process
MEMBERS

• Hoang Van Loc

• Nguyen Thanh Thinh
• Truong Nguyen Truc Linh
CONTENT

I. Introduction
II. Deasphalting Process Variables
III. Process Flow
IV. Conclusion
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Lubricating oil
• Lubricating oil are heavy petroleum fractions
used to lubricate metallic surfaces which are in
relative motion with respect to one another.
I. INTRODUCTION
2. Purpose of lubricating oil
• To minimize the friction between the moving
surfaces
• To prevent mechanical wear in the metals
• To absorb the heat of friction
I. INTRODUCTION
3. Physical properties of Asphaltenes
• Has dark brown and black in form of solid powder
• No melt when heated
• Decomposed when To > 300oC
• Insoluble in alcohol and light gasoline
• Soluble in benzene, chloroform and CS2
• Asphaltenes is an organic compounds with high
molecular weight
I. INTRODUCTION
4. Properties of Asphaltenes
• Nonvolatile
• High viscosity
• Low viscosity index
• A low resistance to oxidation
➔ To form carbonaceous deposits, coke
I. INTRODUCTION
5. Purpose of Deasphalting
• Removes asphaltic materials
• Removes undesirable materials: Sulfur,
Nitrogen, Aromatics and Metals
➔ Increase the fractional value of lubricant
I. INTRODUCTION
6. Effects of Lube Deasphalting
Table 1.1: Effects of Lube Deasphalting
Decreases asphaltene, resin content Increases wax content

Decreases sulfur, nitrogen, aromatic

Increases hydrogen content
and metals content

Decreases carbon residue Increases pour point

Decreases viscosity Increases API gravity

Improves color
I. INTRODUCTION
7. Theoretical background
• Base on liquid – liquid extraction principle

Figure 1.1: Phase diagram for LLE

CONTENT

I. Introduction
II. Deasphalting Process Variables
III. Process Flow
IV. Conclusion
II. Deasphalting process variables

1. Solvent For example: Propane Deasphalting Conditions

2. Solvent composition ▪ Solvent dosage, vol %: 500-1500
3. Solvent to feed ratio ▪ Temperature (°F): 100-190 (37- 87 °C)
4. Feedstock ▪ Pressure (psig): 350-550
5. Temperature ▪ Deasphalted oil yield, vol%: 30-90
6. Pressure
The quality of the feedstock, the solvent and temperature are more important
variables.
 II. Deasphalting process variables

Feedstock:
✓ Atmospheric residuum
✓ Heavy vacuum gas oil
✓ Vacuum residuum
Product:
✓ Deasphalted oils
✓ Asphaltenes
✓ Resins

Figure 2.1: The main raw materials

 1. Feedstock
Table 2.1: Yields and product properties of deasphating of base oil feedstock
Crude source Oklahoma Peru East Texas Kuwait Kuwait

Vacuum residuum
API gravity 19.3 14.9 14.3 8.6 5.4

Viscosity SUS (210°F) 385 740 920 950 23000

Carbon residue wt% 7.3 6.7 11.5 16.0 24.0

Deasphalted oil

Yield, vol% 77.0 76.3 60.0 36.8 25.0

API gravity 23.3 19.4 23.0 24.3 21.2

Viscosity SUS (210°F) 150 207 155 94 163

Carbon residue wt% 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.3

2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Figure 2.2: Propane deasphalting at constant dosage: effect of

temperature on deasphalted oil viscosity
2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Figure 2.3: Propane deasphalting at constant dosage: effect of

temperature on deasphalted oil yield
2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Figure 2.4: Propane deasphalting at constant dosage: effect of

dosage on deasphalted oil yield
2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Figure 2.5: Propane deasphalting: carbon residue versus yield

2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Figure 2.6: Effect of DAO yield on metals content

2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Table 2.2: UOP/FW SDA advantage capital costs

2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature

Table 2.3: UOP/FW SDA advantage operating costs

2. Solvent to oil Ratio and Temperature
At constant temperature: increasing solvent to feed ratio
➢ Increases DA oil yield, viscosity and carbon residue
➢ Increases DA oil metal, sulfur and nitrogen content
➢ Decreases DA oil API gravity and viscosity index
At constant solvent to feed ratio: increasing temperature
➢ Decreases DA oil yield, viscosity and carbon residue
➢ Decreases DA oil metal, sulfur and nitrogen content
➢ Increases DA oil API gravity and viscosity index
At constant yield: increasing temperature and solvent dosage
➢ Increases DA oil API gravity and viscosity index
➢ Decreases viscosity and carbon residue
➢ Decreases DA oil metals, sulfur and nitrogen content
3. Pressure
✓ The effect of operating pressure is opposite to temperature but to a
lesser extent.
✓ The higher the operating pressure the more DAO is extracted at a
specific temperature.
✓ Based on the composition of the solvent which is being used.
✓ Maintained to ensure the solvent/residue mixture in the liquid state.
✓ Pressure is normally not used for a control variable.
4. Solvent and Solvent Composition

Figure 2.7: Selectivity of normal hydrocarbons

4. Solvent and Solvent Composition

Figure 2.8: DAO quality: Figure 2.9: DAO quality:

viscosity vs yield Specific gravity vs yield
4. Solvent and Solvent Composition
Figure 2.10: DAO quality: Figure 2.11: DAO quality:
Sulfur content vs yield conrason vs yield
4. Solvent and Solvent Composition
Figure 2.12: DAO quality: Figure 2.13: DAO quality:
nickel content vs yield Vanadium content vs yield
 4. Solvent and Solvent Composition

Figure 2.14: Effect of DAO yield on appearing of sulfur, nitrogen and metals
CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Deasphalting Process Variables
3. Process Flow
4. Conclusion
 III. Process flow

Mixer-Settler Deasphalting Unit

Continuous Deasphalting Units

Solvent Recovery Techniques

Dasphalting devices
1. Mixer-Settler Deasphalting Unit

Figure 3.1: Mixer-settler deasphalting unit

2. Continuous Deasphalting Units
✓ Multiple effect evaporation

Figure 3.2: Propane deasphalting unit flow diagram

3. Solvent Recovery Techniques
✓ Multiple effect evaporation

Figure 3.3: Deasphalting unit flow diagram: 3 stages of evaporation

3. Solvent Recovery Techniques
✓ Supercritical solvent recovery

Figure 3.4: Supercritical SDA Process

4. Structural of deasphalting devices
✓ Used in continuous deasphalting units

Figure 3.5: Rotating disc contactor

 IV. Conclusion

✓ Asphaltenes is undesirable components in producing of lubricant which

need to remove out to prepare for the production of lubricating oil.
✓ Using mixture of solvents ranging from propane through hexane in
deasphalting process to have desirable properties and yield of DAO
✓ Supercritical solvent recovery allows for more efficient utilization of the
system’s thermodynamic characteristics.
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