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Psychology for Mass Media Audience: Advertising and Other Public Statements
The influence of mass media increased in line with our society is advancing
steadily on the information-based economy. Clearly the media provide the most
public audiences. Unfortunately, what the public learned is the psychology that is
This paper will discuss problems related to the implementation of psychology for
that come from one party may result in reduced objectivity. Before starting the
The books and articles written to sell that which tries to provide information about
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The difference between fact and speculation often becomes unclear. What do
research findings and sources of mental health, if done well, it will get the benefits
In the United States, there has been a long tradition of psychologists appearing in
show guests giving advice to the studio audience, or even as presenters of radio
and television shows whom members of the public call for on-air therapy. The
domain is questionable.
Many of the psychologists who practice on the air in the United States have turned
it into a full-time profession. Joyce Brothers began her own talk radio show at the
start of the 1960s, and was followed by others such as Sonya Friedman, Toni
Grant, and Lawrence Balter (Friedland & Koenig, 1997). Some have left
journalists; others continue to lecture and practice part time. Most of the time,
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professional ethics restrict them from doing little more than offering “advice” to
viewers or listeners, much in the same way as medical experts cannot diagnose a
caller’s illness but can make sensible suggestions based on more than common
sense.
First of all let’s take a look on the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code Of
Ethical Standards.
psychologists must consider this Ethics Code in addition to applicable laws and
work, psychologists may consider other materials and guidelines that have been
and the dictates of their own conscience, as well as consult with others within the
field. If this Ethics Code establishes a higher standard of conduct than is required
authority, psychologists make known their commitment to this Ethics Code and
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take steps to resolve the conflict in a responsible manner in keeping with basic
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
This section consists of General Principles. General Principles, as
opposed to Ethical Standards, are aspirational in nature. Their intent is to
guide and inspire psychologists toward the very highest ethical ideals of
the profession. General Principles, in contrast to Ethical Standards, do
not represent obligations and should not form the basis for imposing
sanctions. Relying upon General Principles for either of these reasons
distorts both their meaning and purpose.
As we can see in the code of ethics, each and every psychologists must strive to
achieve efficiency, effectiveness, and avoid any misconduct; otherwise they will
receive a punishment for their disobedience. Sadly, even with the implementation
Infringements
There is a book about the psychological test called " Understanding and Working
Psychotest" sold in bookstores. The contents of the book are the questions about
the test of general ability, academic potential test, psychological test, personality
tests, mental health and special tests which also contains the answer key (Zaman,
2010). What is interesting is the author of the book is not a psychologist (possibly
the name and title camouflaged in such a way) but the comment about the book is
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Analysis
test, which statement inform psychologists as well as promote to the public, that
we will be able to work on psychological well after buying this book (Spiegel,
1993). Potential issues that may arise as a result of that statement is a false
In this case, the psychologist can get benefits such as popularity, given the
commercial advantages from the publisher or the author of the book but there are
psychologist. In addition, buyers and readers, in this case as a consumer would get
psychological test, but the losses generated by the consumer is then to be invalid
psychological test and not be able to measure consumers' ability and personality
the truth. Both of these later became a dilemma for both sides that psychologists
book buyers as consumers, as there are advantages and disadvantages for both
parties.
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Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Psychologists strive to benefit those with whom they work and take care
to do no harm. In their professional actions, psychologists seek to
safeguard the welfare and rights of those with whom they interact
professionally and other affected persons, and the welfare of animal
subjects of research. When conflicts occur among psychologists'
obligations or concerns, they attempt to resolve these conflicts in a
responsible fashion that avoids or minimizes harm. Because
psychologists' scientific and professional judgments and actions may
affect the lives of others, they are alert to and guard against personal,
financial, social, organizational, or political factors that might lead to
misuse of their influence. Psychologists strive to be aware of the possible
effect of their own physical and mental health on their ability to help
those with whom they work.
test, while the learned will not misrepresent the actual client. So with helped
promote the book, the psychologist had been detrimental to the target
2010).
Principle C: Integrity
Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the
science, teaching, and practice of psychology. In these activities
psychologists do not steal, cheat, or engage in fraud, subterfuge, or
intentional misrepresentation of fact. Psychologists strive to keep their
promises and to avoid unwise or unclear commitments. In situations in
which deception may be ethically justifiable to maximize benefits and
minimize harm, psychologists have a serious obligation to consider the
need for, the possible consequences of, and their responsibility to correct
any resulting mistrust or other harmful effects that arise from the use of
such techniques.
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A psychologist was giving a statement to promote the book, so he could
influence the target consumer to buy the book but the contents was not
necessarily reliable.
In this case as, a psychologist he has provided a false statement relating to the
learned first before doing it. If studied first, then this psychological test results
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Based on the subsection in the APA, the psychologists violated subsection 4
In this case, the psychologist who gave a statement which recommends to buy
can mislead the general public, because any psychological test is not always
Impact Evaluation
Statement submitted by the psychologist is not yet clear truth and to mislead the public
who have or will buy the book so that it can provide psychological
problems does not always equal to the questions outlined in the book.
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For a psychological test instrument
Based on the results of the discussion on the case above, it can be concluded that a
psychologist should not provide a statement that could mislead the public on
matters related to psychology. While in this case, the psychologist has provided a
positive statement and an invitation to read a book detailing the psychological test
in this case the mass media. I recommend that before doing any act, a
psychologist must consider the rules that apply in the psychology ethics code and
consider the consequences that may arise as a consequence for his actions in the
mass media.
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Bibliography:
Broder, M. S., 1999. So you want to work in the media? 21 things I wish I had
known when I first asked myself that question. In L. L. Schwartz (Ed.),
Psychology and the media: A second look (pp. 25–36). Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
Friedland, L., & Koenig, F., 1997. The pioneers of media psychology. In S.
Kirschner & D. A. Kirschner (Eds.), Perspectives on psychology and the media
(pp. 121–140). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Zaman, Saeful., & Helmi, Dyah R., 2010. Memahami dan Mengerjakan Psikotes
Dengan Benar dan Tepat Waktu. Jakarta: Visimedia. Available from:
http://www.perpustakaan-ngawi.com/memahami-dan-mengerjakan-psikotes-
dengan-benar-dan-tepat-waktu.html [Accessed 27 September 2010 at 17:10]
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