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The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis contains keratinized epithelial cells arranged in multiple layers that provide protection. Melanin pigments in the skin responsible for skin color are produced by melanocytes and provide protection from UV rays. Hair follicles originate in the dermis and produce hair shafts at the surface. Sebaceous and sweat glands are modified structures that secrete oils and perspiration to regulate temperature and moisture. Nails are keratinized plates that cover the fingertips.
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis contains keratinized epithelial cells arranged in multiple layers that provide protection. Melanin pigments in the skin responsible for skin color are produced by melanocytes and provide protection from UV rays. Hair follicles originate in the dermis and produce hair shafts at the surface. Sebaceous and sweat glands are modified structures that secrete oils and perspiration to regulate temperature and moisture. Nails are keratinized plates that cover the fingertips.
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis contains keratinized epithelial cells arranged in multiple layers that provide protection. Melanin pigments in the skin responsible for skin color are produced by melanocytes and provide protection from UV rays. Hair follicles originate in the dermis and produce hair shafts at the surface. Sebaceous and sweat glands are modified structures that secrete oils and perspiration to regulate temperature and moisture. Nails are keratinized plates that cover the fingertips.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM integument EPIDERMIS SKIN COLOR
means covering Composed of keratin or protein that 1. MELANIN
makes skin hard. Responsible for skin, hair and eye It is composed of the skin, hair, oil, Keratinization cells change shape color and sweat glands, nails and sensory and chemical composition Pheomelanin yellow to red receptors. Eumelanin brown to black Four Strata Layers (THIN SKIN) Usually yellowish to reddish and FUNCTIONS Stratum Corneum 25-30 layers; brown to black 1. Protection most superficial stratum of epidermis Provides protection against UV. 2. Sensation Stratum Lucidum 4-6 layers; Produced by melanocytes 3. Vitamin D production superficial to granulosum Cyanosis a decrease in oxygen 4. Temperature Regulation Stratum Granulosum 3-5 layers; content producing a bluish color of 5. Excretion middle of the epidermis the skin Stratum Spinosum 8-10 layers; superficial to the stratum basale 2. CAROTENE Stratum Basale also known as It is a yellow pigment Stratum Germinativum deepest layer of epidermis; single row Tattooing permanent coloration of the skin to the dermis. Callus is thickened area on the STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN stratum corneum. ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE Skin or the Cutaneous Membrane SKIN covers the external surface of the DERMIS body. Second deeper part of the skin Hairs Largest organ of the body. Has ability to stretch and recoil Also called as pili. easily Present on most skin surfaces except TWO MAIN PARTS OF SKIN Much thicker than epidermis the palm, palmar surface of fingers, Epidermis (avascular) most soles, plantar surface of the feet. superficial thinner portion composed LAYERS OF DERMIS Also function in sensing light touch. of epithelial tissue. Dermal Papillae superficial portion Dermis (vascular) the deeper, of dermis Anatomy of Hair thicker connective tissue. Reticular Region deeper portion of Shaft superficial portion of the hair Hypodermis or Subcutaneous dermis which protrudes above the surface of Layer deep to the dermis but not Epidermal Ridges lines or as the skin. part of the skin; connects the skin to patterns of loops and whorls Root and Hair Bulb deep to the the underlying muscle or bone (fingerprint); unique for each shaft portion of the hair individual Hair Follicle surrounding the root of Consist of: the hair; originates deep in the 1. Nail Body visible portion of the nail dermis. 2. Nail Root part of the nail covered by the skin Three Concentric Layers of the Hair 3. Cuticle extends onto the nail body Medulla inner; lacking in thinner 4. Nail Matrix proximal portion of the hair epithelium deep to the nail root. Cortex middle; major part of shaft 5. Nail Bed secures the nail to the Cuticle outermost layer; heavily fingertip keratinized 6. Free Edge may extend past the distal end of the digit. MAJOR SKIN GLANDS 7. Lunula crescent shaped area of the 1. Sebaceous Glands or Oil Glands nail. secrete an oily substance called sebum which is oily, white substance HAIR GROWTH rich in lipids. Growth Stage cells of hair matrix 2. Sudoriferous Glands or Sweat divide Glands release sweat or Regression Stage hair matrix stop perspiration. dividing Subdivided into 2 main types Resting Stage after regression Eccrine Sweat Glands most stage; then repeats cycle. regions of the body; produce a Alopecia partial or complete lack of secretion that is mostly water hair. and few salts. Apocrine Sweat Glands organic TYPES OF HAIRS secretion; armpit, nipples, breast Lanugo very fine, non-pigmented, downy hairs Ceruminous Glands modified sweat Terminal Hairs long, coarse, glands in the external ear. heavily-pigmented hairs Vellus Hairs called “peach-fuzz”, NAILS short, fine, pale hairs Plates of tightly packed, dead, hard, keratinized epidermal cells; on the Types of Skin digits. Thin (hairy) Skin Thick (hairless)