Soran University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering

Fluid Mechanic

Title: Venturi meter

Experiment No: 05
Name: Muhammed Star Braim
Group: A1
Date: 21 Oct 2019
Supervisor(s): Mr. Shahab & Mr. Balen & Ms. Meriam
Contents
Aim ................................................................................................................................................. 1

Theory ............................................................................................................................................. 1

Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Materials ...................................................................................................................................... 1

Equipment ................................................................................................................................... 1

Procedure ........................................................................................................................................ 2

Calculation ...................................................................................................................................... 3

Result and discussion ...................................................................................................................... 5

Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Reference ........................................................................................................................................ 6

List of Figures

Figure 1 Hydrodynamic trainer ....................................................................................................... 2

Figure 2 stopwatch .......................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3 measuring tape .................................................................................................................. 2

List of Tables

Table 1 Result ................................................................................................................................. 5

Aim
To measure flow rates and discharged coefficient (cd) by using the hydrodynamic trainer.

Theory
Bernoulli's Equation is used to determine fluid velocities through pressure measurements. It starts
with the qualifications of non-viscous, steady, incompressible flow at a constant temperature
(Yamaguchi, 2008). Bernoulli’s principle is essentially a work energy conservation principle
which states that an ideal fluid or for situations where effects of viscosity are neglected, with no
work being performed on the fluid, the total energy is constant. This principle also states that the
sum of all forms of energy in a fluid flowing along an enclosed path (a streamline) is the same at
any two points in that path (Sharp, 2013).

Usually, for measuring flow rate using the Hydrodynamic trainer apparatus, which consists of
some parts and the important part is Venturi meter, which is a flow measurement device, which is
based on the principle of Bernoulli's equation. Inside the pipe, the pressure difference is created
by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow passage. This difference in pressure is measured
with the help of a manometer and helps in determining the rate of fluid flow or other discharge
from the pipeline. Venturi meter has a cylindrical entrance section, converging conical inlet, a
cylindrical throat, and a diverging recovery cone (Bansal, 2004).

Apparatus
Materials
Water

Equipment
Stopwatch: is a device used to measure the time shown in figure 2

Hydrodynamic trainer: is a mechanical device used to measure the flow rates shown in figure 1

Measuring tape: is a device used to measure the lengths shown in figure 3

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Figure 1 Hydrodynamic trainer Figure 2 Stopwatch Figure 3 Measuring tape

Procedure
A. Measuring the length and width of the tank.
B. Close the outlet valve.
C. Turn on the motor. Water flows through the venturi meter.
D. Remove the gas bubbles that produced.
E. Open the outlet valve.
F. Read the heights of the water level.
G. Pour the water into the tank.
H. Record the level of water (h1) in the tank after pass the required time to record the new
level of water (h2).
I. Measure the time when the water level in (h1) reach (h2).
J. Find the difference between h2 and h1. Then determine the volume of water.
K. Repeated the procedure for the other heights.

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Calculation

3
4
Result and discussion
Table 1 Result

NO. H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 Q actual Q theory Cd R (%)

(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) m3/s m3/s
1 31.5 31 30.8 25.5 28 29.5 30 1.53*10-4 2.35*10-4 0.652 75
2 28 27 25 13 18.5 21 22 2.19*10-4 3.725*10-4 0.588 60
3 25.5 24.5 23 9.5 16 19 19.5 2.49*10-4 3.847*10-4 0.649 62.5
4 24 23.5 21.5 7 14.5 17 17.5 2.41*10-4 3.96*10-4 0.607 61.76

The volumetric flow rates are calculated for each trial. The speed of the water was controlled by
using the valve, and the times taken are recorded as the volumetric tank reached. Every trial had a
different volumetric flow rate to manipulate the result of the velocities, and the calculated
volumetric flow rates were substituted into the continuity equation to determine the velocities.
From the calculation, the highest volumetric flow rates gave the highest velocities. Should be the
water level in the first monometer (H1) should highest than the other level and the water level in
the fourth manometer (H4) lowest-highest than other levels. The result of cd provides the ratio of
the difference between the theoretical and experimental flow rates, which is different because some
air comes in of the system, and some water comes out of the system.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this experiment is helpful to measuring the theoretical and practical flow rates and
the discharged coefficient of the used device, which is very complex to use. The principle of
calculation based on the volumetric and Bernoulli’s equation of flow rate.

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Reference
Bansal, R.K. (2004), A textbook of fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Laxmi Publications.

Sharp, J.J. (2013), BASIC fluid mechanics, Butterworth-Heinemann.

Yamaguchi, H. (2008), Engineering fluid mechanics (Vol. 85), Springer Science & Business
Media.