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2. A person walks first at a constant speed of 5.00 m/s along a straight line from
point A to point B and then back along the line from B to A at a constant speed of
3.00 m/s.
(a) What is her average speed over the entire trip?
(b) What is her average velocity over the entire trip?
(a)
Average speed = total distance / total time
Let t be the time from A to B and t’ the time from B to A.
The distance from A to B is the same as the distance from B to A.
The distance is d = vt.
(b)
The starting and ending points are at the same place. The displacement is zero. Therefore,
average velocity is 0 for the entire trip.
(b) Instantaneous velocity at t = 2 is the slope at t = 2. The upper corner of green line is x
= 13 m and t = 0 s. The lower corner of green line is x = 0 m and t = 3.5 s
4. The position of a particle moving along the x axis varies in time according to the
expression x = 3t2, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Evaluate its position
(a) at t = 3.00 s
(b) at 3.00 s + t
(c) Evaluate the limit x/t as t approaches zero to find the velocity at t =
3.00 s.
(b) At 3.00 s + t, x + x = 3(3 + t)2 = 3(9 + 6t + t2) = 27 + 18t + 3(t)2
(b)
Hare wait time is 4875 s.
Acceleration
6. A 0.0500-kg Super Ball traveling at 25.0 m/s bounces off a brick wall and
rebounds at 22.0 m/s. A high-speed camera records this event. If the ball is in
contact with the wall for 0.00350 s, what is the magnitude of the average
acceleration of the ball during this time interval?
8. An object moves along the x axis according to the equation x = 3.00t2 – 2.00t +
3.00, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. Determine
(a) the average speed between t = 2.00s and t = 3.00s.
(b) the instantaneous speed at t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00s
(c) the average acceleration between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s
(d) the instantaneous acceleration at t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s
(e) At what time is the object at rest?
(b)
x = 3.00t2 – 2.00t + 3.00
v = dx/dt = 6.00t – 2.00
(c)
average acceleration = (vf – vi)/t = (16-10)/1 = 6.00 m/s2
(d)
v = dx/dt = 6.00t – 2.00
a = dv/dt = 6.00 m/s2 at both times
(e)
v = dx/dt = 6.00t – 2.00 = 0
t = 2.00/6.00 = 0.333 s velocity is zero.