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Kultur Dokumente
During the medival period Muslims ruled India from 1206 to 1526. The Muslim rulers who ruled India
during this period were known as Delhi Sultans. They ruled India with their capital Delhi. There were five
dynasties that ruled Delhi Sultanate. The were Slave, Khilji,Tughluq, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Muhammad
Ghori appointed Qutb-ud-din-Aibak as viceroy to the regions he conquered in India. After the death of
Muhammad Ghori Qutb-ud-din-Aibak declared independence in 1206. Aibak being a slave his dynasty waas
called as Slave dynasty. Thus, the rule of Slave dynasty started in 1206 A.D. Some prominent rulers of this
dynasty were Qutbuddin Aibak, Iltutmish, Balban, and Razia Sultana. Iltutmish succeeded Aibak and
suppressed various revolts. He merged Bengal and Bihar with Delhi. A Mongol invasion took place during his
reign. Balban was most famous among Slave rulers of Delhi Sultanate. He kept chihal gain under control and
appointed spies to inform about their activites. He introduced Persian traditions of Sjda and Paibos. Sijda
means greeting the kissing the feet or throne of sultan. He took various measures to protect his kingdom from
the Mongol invasions. He strengthened the army and repaired the old forts and put them under the control of
trusted military officers. He appointed his son as incharge of border forts. He punished provincial governors
severely when they revolt against him. Tugril Khan of Bengal was severely punished by him as he revolted
against him. Kaikubad was the last ruler in the Slave dynasty. The rule of Slave dynasty came to end in 1290
A.D.
After the Slave dynasty, Delhi Sultanate was ruled by Khilji dynasty. Jalaluddin Khilji who was the first
ruler of this dynasty ascended the throne in 1290 A.D. He ruled upto 1296 A.D. After him Aluddin Khilji came
to throme. He was not only greatest among Khilji rulers but also greatest among Delhi Sultans. He ascended
the throne inn 1296 A.D. His market reforms made him very famous. He invaded Chittor, Ranthambor, Malwa
etc.. in North India and brought them under his control. He sent his commander Malik Kaffer to invade on
Suouth Indian kingdoms. Malik Kaffer defeated Yadavas, Hoyasalas, Kakatiyas and Pandyas and they agree to
pay tribute (tax) to Sultan. The rule of Aluddin Khilji came to end in 1316 A.D. Mubarak Khilji and Khusru
became Sultans after him but they were weak. So the nobles invited Ghiyas-ud-din Thugluq to Delhi. He
ascended the throne in 1320 A.D by defeating the last Khilji ruler. His rule came to end in 1325 A.D.
The Tughluq dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate after Khilji Dynasty. Ghiyasuddin Thugluq was the first
ruler of this dynasty. After him Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq ascended the throne in 1325 A.D. Though he was a
learned man and had good qualities he was known as mad Tughluq due to failure of his new innovasions and
idea in administration. He thought that it was better to have the capital in the middle of the kingdom. So he
shifted the capital form Delhi to Devagiri. But it was failed and he got many problems. Later the capital was
transferred back to Delhi. During his reign two kingdoms such as Vijayanagara and Bahmani were emerged in
South. His rule came to end in 1351 A.D. After him Feroz shah Tughluq succeeded the throne. He introduced
Jagirdari system and encouraged Ulemas. The reign of Tughluqs came to end with the Timur invasion in 1398
A.D. The Sayyands and Lodies who were succeeded after Tughluqs were not competent. During the period of
last Lodi ruler, Ibrahim Lodi, Baber invaded India. Baber defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of first Panipat in
1526 and established Mughal rule in India from Delhi.
Delhi Sultanate-Administration
Saliant features of administration of Delhi Sultanate are as followns:
Sultan divided the kingdom into Iktas. Ikta was headed by a officer called ‘Mukti’.
The Mukti, officer of Iktak, had to maintain army from the income of Ikta and remit the balance to Sultan.
The Iqtas were divided into Shiqs.
The Shiqs were again divided into Parganas.
The state was a theocratic state.Sultans ruled as per Quron i.e.Shariat.
Sultan was a superior authority in the state.
Diwani Ariz was incharge of army.
Sultan army consisted of cavalry, elephantry and infantry.
Alauddin Khilji abolished jagirdari system and gave the salaries to the army.
Alauddin Khilji introduced market reforms and regulated the market prices. These measures taken by the
Alaudding Khilji prevented the inflation.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq introduced copper coins in 1329 and also carried out experiments in agriculture to
increase production.
Balban brought more land for cultivation by cutting forests.
Feroz Tughluq dug canals for irrigation and made waste lands brought under cultivation. The canals from
Sutlez to Saga, Mandavi to Hissar and Jamuna to Ferozabad were dug.
Delhi Sultans except Alauddin Khilji and Muhammad Bin Tughluq were puppets in the hands of the Ulemas
(Muslim religious heads).
Purdah system previled among Muslims.
Sati was practisd by certain communities.
Qutb-ud-din-Aibak
Qutb-ud-din-Aibak
No. Aibak
After the death of Muhammad Ghor, Qutb-ud-din-Aibak declared
1.
independence and became Delhi Sultan in 1206.
2. He was a slave of Muhammad Ghor.
Qutb-ud-din-Aibak laid foundation for the Turkish rule in India. Aibak
3. was very kind and was called with the title "Lakbaksha" (giver of
Lakhs).
4. He conquered Meerut, Ranthambor, Gujarat, Delhi, Bihar and Bengal.
He fell from his horse while playing horse Polo and died in 1210 A.D.
5.
Aibak was succeeded by his son Aram Shah.
6. But Aramshah was weak and incapable.
Hence nobles requested Iltutmish who was the Governor of Badayan to
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assume power.
Iltutmish reached Delhi and killed Aram Shah and ascended the throne
8.
in 1211 A.D.
Delhi Sultans-Iltutmish
No. Iltutmish
1. Iltutmish ascended the throne in 1211 A.D. by killing Aram Shah.
2. Iltutmish was the real founder of the Delhi Sultanate.
He was the slave of Aibak. He was well trained in war and
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administration.
4. Aibak made Iltutmish as his son-in-law.
When Iltutmish ascended the throne, the governors assumed
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independence.
The rulers of Ghazni, Sind and Bengal did not acknowledge the new
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rule.
Hence Iltutmish invaded against Yaldoz of Ghazni and defeated at
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Thaneswar.
8. He also defeated Khilji chief of Bengal in 1226.
9. Qubacha of Sind was also subdued.
Iltutmish faced the serious threat of the Mongol invasion under the
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leadership of Chengiz Khan.
11. Mongols occupied the Khwarizm empire.
Its ruler fled to Caspian Coast and the crown prince Jalaluddin
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Mangabarni asked Iltutmish to asylum.
But Iltutmish refused to provide shelter and saved from the wrath of
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Mongols.
14. The last invasion of Iltutmish was against Banian.
15. Iltutmish was died due to severe illness on 29th April 1236 A.D.
16. Iltutmish divided the empire into Iqtas. He set up Chihalgani.
17. He introduced the Silver Tanka and the Copper Jital.
18. He introduced purely Arabic coinage.
19. Iltutmish made Delhi as his capital.
20. He completed the construction of the Qutb Minar.
He was intolerant towards the Hindus and destroyed the Hindu temples
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at Bhilsa and Ujjain.
After the death of Iltutmish, Feroz ascended the throne. But ha had no
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popular support.
Hence Razia Sultana with the support of nobles and soldiers declared
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herself as Sultana.
Balban
Balban ascended the Delhi throne in 1266 A.D. after Nasir-ud-din. He was a slave. He was bought by
Iltutmish from the slave dealer. He had the title of Ulugh Khan(Powerful Lord) due to his services against
Mongols. The Sultan Nazir-ud-din made him as Chief Minister and gave him his daughter in marriage and
practically left all the authority in his hands. He was greatest among the sultans of Slave dynasty. He elevated
from the status of Malik to Khan and Khan to Sultan.
Balban suppressed Khokas in Punjab. He invaded against the Rohilkhand and brutally killed all the elder
males and women and children were made as his slaves. He punished provincial governors severely when they
revolt against him. Tugril Khan, Governor of Bengal was severely punished by him when he declared
independence and revolted against him. Balban sent Amir Khan to supress Tugril Khan. But Amir Khan was
defeated. Later Amir Khan was put to death. Balban personally led forces against Tugril Khan along with his
son Bughra Khan. Tugril Khan ran into forests but he was caught and beheaded. Bughra Khan was appointed as
Governor of Bengal.
Balban kept chihalgani under control. He severely punished the members of chihalgani. He appointed spies
to inform about their activites. He had taken the title of Jilli Illah. He inscribed the name of the Calipha on the
coins. He introduced Persian traditions of Sijda and Paibos. Sijda means greeting the kissing the feet or throne
of sultan. Mongol invasions were frequent during the period of Balban. He took various measures to protect his
kingdom from the Mongol invasions. He strengthened the army and repaired the old forts and put them under
the control of trusted military officers. He appointed his eldest son Muhammad as incharge of border forts.
Muhammad was died while fighting with Mongols. Balban was shocked with the death of his son and died in
1287.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq increased land tax in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab region to improve the financial
position of the state. He ordered to collect tax without fail. But most of the farmers were not able to pay the tax
due to drought conditions and abandoned their lands. Farmers went away into the forests leaving the agriculture.
Later Muhammad Bin Tughluq realized the mistake and tried to remedy them by digging wells and advancing
loans. He made efficient the department of Agriculture.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq thought that it would be appropriate to have the capital in the middle of kingdom.
Hence he shifted the capital from Delhi to Daultabad in 1327. He renamed Devagiri as Daultabad There were
two reasons for the transfer of capital by Muhammad Bin Tughluq. One was Muhammad desire to have centrally
located capital and the fear of raids of Mongols. But he faced a number of problems due to shifting of capital to
Daultabad. . He ordered the Delhi people to go to the new capital along with their belongings. Even the blind
were forced to migrate to new capital. People faced number of problems during their long journey to Devagiri.
Some of the people died in the journey. Later Sultan realized that his plan was failure and transferred back the
capital to Delhi.. Hence he again ordered the people to go back to Delhi. The scheme of transfer of capital caused
heavy financial loss to the treasury.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq introduced token currency. He issued large quantities of Copper coins but he failed
to prevent forgery. Hence the value of coins was felldown. Traders refused to take Copper coins and demanded
Gold coins. Later sultan realized that his scheme was failure and withdrew his new coins.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq loved Islam but he was tolerant towards other religions. He performed Hindu
festivals of Holi and Diwali in his court. He employed the Hindus in posts of High category. He invited the
scholars of Jaina and Hindu religion to his court and conducted religious discussions. He never distinguished the
people on the basis of religion. He prohibited Sati.
Muhammad Bin Tughluq empire streched a vast area from Himalayas to Madhurai in the south. He invaded
against Khorasan and China in 1327 A.D. But he was unsuccessful. He conquered Nagarkot in Punjab. He pacify
the Mongols by offering presents to them. During the period of Muhammad Bin Tughluq two independent
kingdoms called Vijayanagara kingdom in 1336 and Bahmani kingdom in 1317 were established in the south.
The ruler of Sind and Multan Mahram Aiba declared independence. Kapayanayaka in Andhradesa occupied
Orugal and declared independence. Malabar and Bengal also became independent.
He laid the foundation for not only downfall of Tughluq dynaty but also the Delhi Sultanate. Muhammad
Bin Tughluq was died in 1351 A.D. With his death the king was freed from the people and they from the king
as obsered by Badauni.
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4. Who was the Delhi Sultan at the time Timur invasion on India?
A. Feroz Shah
B. Balban
C. Nasiruddin Muhammad
D. Sikandar Lodi
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The department of appeal and religious matters under Delhi sultanate was
a) Majlis-i-Khalwat
b) Diwan-i-Risalat
c) Bar-i-am
d) Diwan-i-Ariz
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The sultan who built Agra city?
a) Balban
b) Iltutmish
c) Alauddin Khalji
d) Sikander Lodi
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The department of all countries Khans,Maliks and Amirs under Delhi sultanate
a) Dar-ul-safa
b) Bar-i-khas
c) Diwan-i-Istihag
d) Diwan-i-khairat
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The first Muslim ruler who consider his kingdom as a part of Darul Islam?
a) Alauddin Khalji
b) Feroz shah Tughluq
c) Iltutmish
d) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
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Muhammad Bin Tughluq named Devagiri as
a) Aurangabad
b) Doultabad
c) Ghaziabad
d) Siri
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The sultan who issued copper coins insted of gold and silver coins?
a) Alauddin Khalji
b) Balban
c) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
d) Iltutmish
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The sultan who allowed ulemas to interfere in administration?
a) Aibak
b) Bahulal Lodi
c) Feroz shah Tughluq
d) Ibrahim Lodi
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Who was the last ruler of Lodi dynasty?
a) Bahulal Lodi
b) Ibrahim Lodi
c) Sikander Lodi
d) Mubarak Shah
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Who among the following converted to Islan from Hindu and become a sultan?
a) Mubarak Khalji
b) Aram shah
c) Muhammad shah
d) Nasiruddin Khhusru
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Ganima during sultanate period stands for
a) War booty
b) Land revenue
c) Religious tax
d) Wealth tax
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The dynasty which ruled for long period in Delhi Sultanate
a) Khaljies
b) Tughluqs
c) Sayyads
d) Lodies
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The perdon who kept income record in Sultanate period was called
a) Qazzi
b) Majumdar
c) Ariz
d) Kohi
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The practice of kneeling down and touching the ground with head to greet sultan is called
a) Chalisa
b) Ariz
c) Paibos
d) Sijda
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Who destroyed Jagannatha temple of Puri?
a) Jalaluddin Khalji
b) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq
c) Feroz Shah Tughluq
d) Alauddin Khalji
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Who introduced Token Currency in China before Muhammad Bin Tughluq introduced in India?
a) Mohabath khan
b) Khazir khan
c) Qublai khan
d) Mubarak shah
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Who paid direct wages to soldiers instead of Jagirs?
a) Alauddin Khalji
b) Jalaluddin Khalji
c) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
d) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
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he system of reporters established by Balban was called
a) Barid
b) Kotwal
c) Shiqdar
d) Khazin
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Zakat was a
a) Land revenue
b) Commercial tax
c) religious tax
d) income tax
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Who established judicial bell?
a) Balban
b) Aibak
c) Iltutmish
d) Razia
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Who invented the musical insturment called Sitar?
a) Ablberuni
b) Utbi
c) Amirkhusru
d) Hasan Nizami
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The first Muslim ruler who considered his kingdom as a part of Darul Islam?
a) Balban
b) Aibak
c) Razia
d) Iltutmish
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Sizza and Paibos introduced by
a) Balban
b) Aibak
c) Iltutmish
d) Mubarak Shah
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Who got Kohinoor diamond from Pratap Rudradeva of Warangal?
a) Jalaluddin khalji
b) Alauddin Khalji
c) Mohammad Bin Tughluq
d) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
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Muhammad Bin Tughluq transferred his capital in 1326-27 from Delhi to
a) Kanauj
b) Devagiri
c) Patna
d) Agra
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The department of pensions and Mint under Delhi Sultanate
a) Diwan-i-Khairat
b) Diwan-i-Mustakhraj
c) Diwan-i-Istihag
d) Diwan-i-Ariz
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Alauddin defeated
a) Ranthambore
b) Chittor
c) Malwa
d) All the above
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Who prohibited production and sale in the capital?
a) Alauddin Khilji
b) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
c) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
d) Feroz Tughluq
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In the Sultanate period the person who kept the income record was called
a) Amar kohi
b) Diwan
c) Wazir
d) Majumdar
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Who made army services hereditary?
a) Feroz shah Tughluq
b) Jalaluddin Khalji
c) Alauddin Khalji
d) Ghiyas uddin Khalji
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The sultan during whose period the first invasion on Deccan took place
a) Balban
b) Iltutmish
c) Jalal-ud-din Khalji
d) Nasiruddin Muhammad
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The sultan who himself declared as Khalifa?
a) Alauddin Khalji
b) Mubarak Khalji
c) Jalaluddin Khalji
d) Aibak
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Capital of Alaud-din-Khalzi?
a) Devagiri
b) Siri
c) Srinagar
d) Kanauj
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The famous historians during the period of Delhi Sultans was
a) Jiyaud-din-Barauni
b) Shams-e-Shiraj
c) a and b
d) Mario
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n the period of Allauddin Khalzi Sarai-Adil was related to
a) Royal correspondence
b) Sarais
c) Quazi
d) The market of clothes, sugar etc
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The Jaina saint with whom Muhammad Bin Tughluq held discussions?
a) Mahendra
b) Jina Prabha Suri
c) Hemachandra
d) Kundacharya
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The sufi saint after his name Qutubminar was named
a) Abdul Quadir
b) Qutub-ud-din Bakhtiyar kaki
c) Shaikh Salim
d) Suhrawardi
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How many jIitals made up a Tanka?
a) 20
b) 48
c) 25
d) 60
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Who Shifted the capital from Lahore to Delhi?
a) Iltutmish
b) Balban
c) Razia
d) Feroz Shah Tughluq
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Araghatta during sultanate period stands for
a) a device to cultivate land
b) a device to lift water
c) a device to cut crops
d) a device to move load
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Who rebelled in Bengal during the period of Balban
a) Khazir Khan
b) Mubarak Shah
c) Tugril Khan
d) Alikhan
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Who established Tughluq dynasty in 1320 by defeating last Khilji ruler Nasiruddin Khusru?
a) Ghiasuddin Tughluq
b) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
c) Feroz Shah Tughluq
d) Tughluq shah II
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Who built Tughlakabad near Delhi?
a) Feroz Tughluq
b) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
c) Ghiasuddin Tughluq
d) Nasiruddin Muhammad
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Who was the founder of Tughluq dynasty?
a) Feroz shah Tughluq
b) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq
c) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
d) Mubarak Shah
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The Department of charity under Delhi Sultanate was
a) Diwan-i-Istihag
b) Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi
c) Diwan-i-Khairat
d) Diwan-i-Risalat
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Who shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra?
a) Sikander Lodi
b) Alauddin Khalji
c) Khizir Khan
d) Muhammad Bin Tughluq
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The silver coins `Tankas` and copper coins `jitals` were issued by
a) Aibak
b) Razia
c) Iltutmish
d) Balban
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Who brought Merut and Topra inscriptions to Delhi?
a) Jalaluddin Khalji
b) Alauddin Khalji
c) Feroz Shah Tughluq
d) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluqd
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Who introduced Arab currency for the first time in India?
a) Iltutmish
b) Balban
c) Razia Sultana
d) Qutbuddin Aibak
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The schools which taught primary education to Muslims during the period of sultanate
a) Madarsas
b) Mukhaddams
c) Makthabs
d) Kohies
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Alauddin conquered Chittor in 1303 and named it as
a) Khajirabad
b) Ghaziabad
c) Janpur
d) Daulthabad
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The Mongol leader who invaded Delhi Sultanate during the period of Iltutmish
a) Timur
b) Yakuth Khan
c) Ali Khan
d) Chengiz Khan
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The Mongol invasions started from the period of
a) Aibak
b) Iltutmish
c) Balban
d) Razia
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The Delhi Sultan who established authority over North and South India for the first time
a) Alauddin Khalji
b) Jalaluddin Khalji
c) Khizir Khan
d) Sikander Lodi
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The famous poet in the court of Balban
a) Siraj Alif
b) Amir Khusru
c) Nizami
d) Utbi
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Who is the founder of Sayyad Dynasty?
a) Sikander Lodi
b) Khazir Khan
c) Bahalal Lodi
d) Mubarak Shah
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Who was the Delhi Sultan at the time Timur invasion on India?
a) Feroz Shah
b) Balban
c) Nasiruddin Muhammad
d) Sikandar Lodi
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