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EIGRP Interview Questions and Answers CCNP Search

What is EIGRP?
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an enhanced distance vector routing protocol which
Uses Di疭�used Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the shortest path. It is also considered as a Hybrid
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Routing Protocol because it has characteristics of both Distance Vector and Link State Routing Protocols.
EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM, route summarization, incremental updates, load balancing and Questions 

other features.

What are the requirements for neighborship in EIGRP?

The following 彭�elds in a hello packet must match for routers to become neighbors:-
1.Autonomous System number.
2.K-values.
            
3.Authentication.
4.Primary address should be used.
5.If static neighborship than should be de彭�ne on both sides.

What are the metric of EIGRP protocol & its default values?
1.Bandwidth (K1=1)       
2.Load (K2=0)
3.Delay (K3=1)
4.Reliability (K4=0)
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By default, EIGRP only uses bandwidth (K1) and delay (K3) to calculate metric. Answe

Give the formula by which EIGRP calculates metric?

Metric = 256 * [(10^7 / lowest-bandwidth) + cumulative-delay]
The lowest bandwidth is the lowest-bandwidth link in the route, using a unit of kilobits per second.
The cumulative-delay value used in the formula is the sum of all the delay values for all links in the route,
with a unit of tens of microseconds.

What are the four basic components of EIGRP?

The four basic components of EIGRP are -
1. The Protocol Dependent Module - It supports IP, IPv6, IPX, Apple Talk.
2. The Reliable Transport Protocol - RTP is used in EIGRP for detecting packet loss and to ensure ordered
delivery of the packets.
3. The Neighbor Discovery and Recovery Module - Hello messages are used for Neighbor Discovery and
Recovery.
4. The Di疭�using Update Algorithm - It is an algorithm used by EIGRP for selecting lowest cost loop free path
for each possible destination.

What are the di疭�erent packet types used by EIGRP?

The packet types used by EIGRP are:-
1. Hello - Neighborship is discovered and maintained by Hello Packets.
2. Acknowledgment - ACK packets are used to acknowledge the receipt of update, query and reply packets.
Acknowledgment packets are Unicast.
3. Update - EIGRP uses Update messages to send Routing information to neighbors. Update packets can be
sent to a single neighbor using unicast or to a group of neighbors using multicast.
4. Query -  Query packets are used when EIGRP router has lost path (Successor) to a certain network and
does not have any backup paths (Feasible Successor). Router sends query packets to its neighbors asking
them if they have information about this particular network. Query packets are multicast.
5. Reply -  Reply packets are used in response to the query packets. Reply packets are unicast to the
originator of the query.

What is Reliable Transport Protocol?

EIGRP uses RTP (Reliable Transport Protocol) to deliver EIGRP packets between neighbors in a reliable and
ordered way. If the packet with RTP enable sent, gets lost in the transit it will be send again (resend).

What packets are RTP enabled?

1.Update Packet.
2.Query Packet.
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Explain EIGRP Router ID? [CCIE] | Networker I
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which load sharing can take place on paths that does not have the equal metric. In EIGRP variance is used [CCNP] | Networker 
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router then multiplies the variance by the successor route’s FD (metric of the best route to reach that Questions and Answe
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subnet). Any Feasible Successor route whose metric is less than or equal to the product of the variance by
the successors FD are considered to be equal routes and can be placed into the routing table for load
sharing.
Router(con彭�g)#  router eigrp 100
Router(con彭�g-router)#  variance 2
In this case variance is 2.

Explain Split Horizon?

The Split Horizon feature prevents a route learned on one interface from being advertised back out of that
same interface. It is used to prevent loop in EIGRP.

Explain Null Zero?

It is a loop avoidance mechanism entry stored in routing table only in case of summarization (auto &
manual). It terminates or 蕜ush unwanted packets, if any tra狀�c goes towards null0 it will be drop by eigrp.

What is Active State and Passive State?

Routes for which the successor route fails and no feasible successor routes exist moves to an active state
forcing the EIGRP to send out query packets and reconverge.
A route is in passive state for which the router has a successor route, and no failure has yet occurred. A
stable EIGRP network will have all routes in a Passive state.

Explain Stuck in Active?

When for a certain pre彭�x, successor route fails and no feasible successor route exists than the router
begins a process of 彭�nding any loop-free alternative routes to reach that pre彭�x by sending Query
messages to all of its neighbors requesting path to lost pre彭�x. If the neighbor routers does not have
information about the lost pre彭�x, they will forward the query message to further routers. Within a large
network, particularly when routers exist several router hops away, the number of Queries might not only
be large, but there also might be a string of routers that all must wait on multiple Reply messages before
they can, in turn, issue a Reply. To deal with this long time problem, Cisco IOS 彭�rst sets a limit on how long
it should take to receive all such replies. This timer is called the active timer and is set to 3 minutes by
default. Routes for which a router does not receive a Reply within the active timer are considered to be
Stuck-in-Active (SIA) routes. Router sends an SIA-Query (Stuck-in-Active Query) EIGRP message to each
neighbor that has yet to send back a Reply. The purpose of the message is to either get an SIA-Reply back
indicating that the neighbor really is still waiting for replies to its own queries meaning the neighbor is alive
and still working & there is no need to kill the neighborship or to get nothing in reply meaning neighbor
was not able to reply, so the action of failing the neighborship is reasonable.

What is Graceful Shutdown and GoodBye message in EIGRP?

When an EIGRP process is shut down, router sends out “goodbye” messages to its neighbors. The
neighbors can then immediately begin recalculating paths to all the destinations that went through that
shutdown router without having to wait for the hold timer to expire.

How Passive Interface command works in EIGRP?

With EIGRP running on a network, the passive-interface command stops sending outgoing hello packets,
hence the router cannot form any neighbor relationship via the passive interface. This behavior stops both
outgoing and incoming routing updates. However, EIGRP still advertises the connected subnets if matched
with an EIGRP network command.
# router eigrp 1
# passive-interface fastethernet0/0
Command to see list of passive-interfaces
# show ip protocols
How can we change Hello and Hold time in EIGRP?    
# interface Fa0/0
# ip hello-interval eigrp 100 3
# ip hold-time eigrp 100 12
These commands will make hello interval 3 seconds and hold time 12 seconds.

# show ip eigrp interfaces detail (To verify)

What is the Feasibility Condition in EIGRP?

For any route to be a feasible successor it has to ful彭�ll feasibility condition which is as follows:-
Advertised distance of Feasible successor should be less than Feasible distance of Successor
AD of feasible successor < FD of successor.

What is the Multicast IP address used by EIGRP?

EIGRP uses the multicast address 224.0.0.10

Related Post

1. EIGRP Interview Questions and Answers [CCNA]

2. OSPF Interview Questions and Answers [CCNP]

3. STP Interview Questions and Answers [CCNP]

4. RSTP & MST Interview Questions and Answers [CCNP]

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0 comments   CCNP EIGRP

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