Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an

entire planet. Biodiversity is one measure of the health of ecosystems. Life on Earth today
consists of many millions of distinct biological species. The United Nations declared the year
2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity.

Biodiversity is not consistent across the Earth. It is consistently rich in the tropics and in
specific regions such as the Cape Floristic Province; it is less rich in polar regions where
conditions support much less biomass

India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions. The political boundaries of India
encompass a wide range of ecozones—desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and
temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as island
archipelago. It hosts three biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas,
and the hilly ranges that straddle the India-Myanmar border. These hotspots have numerous
endemic species.[1]

India, for the most part, lies within the Indomalaya ecozone, with the upper reaches of the
Himalayas forming part of the Palearctic ecozone; the contours of 2000 to 2500m are
considered to be the altitudinal boundary between the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic zones.
India displays significant biodiversity. One of eighteen megadiverse countries, it is home to
7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian,
11.7% of all fish, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.[2

There are about 2546 species of fishes (about 11% of the world species) found in Indian
waters. About 197 species of amphibians (4.4% of the world total) and more than 408 reptile
species (6% of the world total) are found in India. Among these groups the highest levels of
endemism are found in the amphibians.

There are about 1250 species of birds from India with some variations depending on
taxonomic treatments accounting for about 12% of the world species.[10]

There are about 410 species of mammals known from India which is about 8.86% of the
world species.[11]

The World Conservation Monitoring Centre gives an estimate of about 15,000 species of
flowering plants in India.

The Flora of India is one of the richest of the world due to a wide range of climate, topography and
environments in the country. It is thought there are over 15000 species of flowers in India [1] and
probably many more species. Whilst the list comprises indigenous types, others have been
introduced to India and may be included. Major plant divisions (sub divisions) are shown together
with Family and examples. The classification and ranking of plants varies due to differing taxonomy
systems and synonyms may be shown

 Jenkin's Shrew (Crocidura jenkensii). (Endemic to India.) [1]

 Ganges Shark(Glyphis gangeticus)(Endemic to India.)
 Himalayan Wolf (Canis himalayensis) (Endemic to India and Nepal.)
 Indian Vulture
 Malabar Large-spotted Civet (Viverra civettina).[1]
  Namdapha Flying Squirrel (Biswamayopterus biswasi). (Endemic to India.) [1]
 Pygmy Hog (Sus salvanius).[1]
 Salim Ali's Fruit Bat (Latidens salimalii). (Endemic to India.)
 Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).[1]
 Wroughton's Free-tailed Bat (Otomops wroughtoni). (Endemic to India.)[1]
 Jerdon's Courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus). (Endemic to India)[1]


Asiatic Lion
Asiatic Black Bear
Desert Cat
Great Indian Rhinoceros
Indian Elephant or Asian Elephant
Blue Whale
Capped Leaf Monkey
Fin Whale
Ganges River Dolphin
Hispid Hare
Indus River Dolphin
Red Panda
Tiger
Snow Leopard

 Siberian Cranes
 Greater Flamingo
 Ruff
 Black winged Stilt
 Common Teal
 Common Greenshank
 Northern Pintail
 Yellow Wagtail
 White Wagtail
 Northern Shoveler
 Rosy Pelican
 Gadwall

Come in winter

 Come in sAsian Koel

 Black crowned Night Heron
 Eurasian Golden Oriole
 Comb Duck
 Blue-cheeked Bee Eater

summer

Reforestation is the restocking of existing forests and woodlands which have been depleted,
an effect of deforestation.[1] Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by
soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate
global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and
harvest for resources, particularly timber.

The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas
of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise
removed at some point in the past.

Benefits

 Recycling paper has several benefits both for humans and the earth. Using recycled paper
to make new paper reduces the number of trees that are cut down, conserving natural
resources. In some instances, recycling services are cheaper than trash-disposal services.
Recycling paper saves landfill space and reduces the amount of pollution in the air from
incineration. Businesses can promote a positive company and community image by starting
and maintaining a paper-recycling program. Parents can promote a clean environment and a
healthy lifestyle to their children by teaching them about the benefits of recycling paper

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