REFINERY

A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical engineering unit

processes and unit operations refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of
value.
Different types of refineries are as follows:
 petroleum oil refinery, which converts crude oil into high-octane motor spirit
(gasoline/petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), kerosene, heating fuel oils,
hexane, lubricating oils, bitumen and petroleum coke;
 food oil refinery which converts cooking oil into a product that is uniform in taste, smell
and appearance, and stability;
 sugar refinery, which converts sugar cane and sugar beets into crystallized sugar and
sugar syrups;
 natural gas processing plant, which purifies and converts raw natural gas into residential,
commercial and industrial fuel gas, and also recovers natural gas liquids (NGL) such
as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes;
 salt refinery, which cleans common salt (NaCl), produced by the solar evaporation of sea
water, followed by washing and re-crystallization;
 metal refineries refining metals such
as alumina, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, uranium, zinc, magnesium and cobalt;

DESIGN TEAM
• Involved the translation of design into reality.
• A formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings.
• Design usually consists of drawings and specifications
• Most commonly employed by the proper owner.
FINANCIAL ADVISORS
• Financial planning for the project is intended to ensure the solid plan with adequate
safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the project is started and is
required to ensure that the plan is properly executed over the life of the project.
• a professional who suggests and renders financial services to clients based on their
financial situation. In many countries financial advisors have to complete specific
training and hold a license to provide advice.

Contingency plans – a plan designed to take a possible future event or circumstance into account.
DESIGN TEAM

A design or product team is more than just the people on it. A team includes the people, the roles they
play, the team members’ objectives, the tools and methods they use, and the project structures in
which they operate.

Within each of these four elements, there are principles that establish parameters for success — the
underlying factors that make some teams work better than others. They influence whether a team is
positioned to take advantage of collaborative behaviors and whether they’re set up to make the most of
conflict.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Project teams almost always assign roles to team members. These roles come with responsibilities, the
set of tasks and activities different people participate in. My experience indicates that most design teams
normalize on four general categories of people on design teams:
 Designers: People responsible for generating and documenting ideas about how the product works,
looks, or behaves. In many areas of design, there are designer specialties. A project may require
more than one specialty. One of these people may be designated as the “lead,” the person who
owns the creative vision.
 Managers: People responsible for ensuring the project team delivers on its obligations, creates plans
to do so, and successfully executes against those plans. Different projects assign the manager role
differently: some consolidate it with the lead designer, and others separate it.
 Subject Matter Experts: People — sometimes designers, sometimes not — responsible for
contributing information to the design process. These may be people who are the users of the
product itself or who have some special insight into the users or the project constraints.
 Stakeholders: People ultimately accountable for the success of the project. They hold the purse
strings and become the ultimate internal owners or champions of the product.

HOW TO MANAGE YOUR DESIGN TEAM EFFECTIVELY

In all manner of team interactions at the workplace, there is the underlying need to create a synergy
which would, in turn, increase the chances of set goals being met. Whether as part of permanent staff or
a team of freelancers, the design team is a vital component of the workforce in any organization. This is
because they are tasked with inventing or consolidating on already existing ideas to project a particular
product or the company’s image to the public in the right way.
At Plant, we have continuously demonstrated our belief in the efficacy of proper teamwork by
properly integrating our design team to further boost our ability to create processes that would lead to
optimal client satisfaction. Below are tips on how to effectively manage your design team.
Properly Identify with Your Team
The pressure of delivering outstanding designs at the right time constantly hangs over team
members. There is always a starting point for every designer, and a great way to put them at ease and
improve working conditions is by interactions which are aimed at reminding your team that you were
once in the same position they are in at the moment and faced similar obstacles.
To advance this cause further, remind them that it is okay to feel overwhelmed at times and the key
to unlocking their creative genius is by always keeping their eyes on the prize which is the design of
excellent pieces. Once they know that you are making an effort at encouraging them, they would be
better put at ease and focus more on achieving targets.
A Clear Understanding of Their Passion
 To collectively work with a design team isn’t always easy. This is because all designers primarily
strive to create masterpieces and as such, tend to outdo each other. To understand why a few projects
might be unfinished when needed or outrightly bad, it is more important to find out where your team
draws inspiration from which would help you get a better grasp on how each person functions.
Once you understand what drives each team member, it becomes easier to understand their
strengths and weaknesses, and in turn, give you an idea on which design projects they are most suited to.
Motivation is Key
While it is their job to design works from start to finish, it is also easy to lose motivation or focus due
to the monotony of doing the same thing daily. Also, keep in mind that while the outer layer of their work
is done with their hands and eyes, the idea comes from the brain. There is such a thing as mental fatigue,
which could either lock the creativity of a designer for a period or reduce their effectiveness.
Keeping everyone interested is one of the hardest parts of managing a design team. There could be
certain factors outside the workplace, which reduces their ability to stay motivated and creative. This is
why it is important that you stay connected to them on a personal level, which would increase the
chances of finding out what the issues might be and taking the necessary steps to fix them.
Constant Need for Improvement
The bedrock of every design team is in constantly finding ways to improve on their personal and
team efforts and output. To achieve this, it is vital that you expose team members to training and
opportunities that would help enhance their skills.
Due to continuous advancement in the area of technology, there are upgrades and better ways to
carry out designs, and while they focus on getting the current projects over the line, you can always be on
the lookout for recent improvements which would be of immense help to them.
Do Not Stifle Their Creativity
The art of designing comes primarily from the brain, which is the creative hub of the entire human
system. This means that the better way to do things is to train your team to use their instincts when
needed and trust that they would make the right call under pressure or when you aren’t there. If they
have to run everything by you, it would not only slow down the entire process but would exponentially
increase their dependence on you, which might be at the detriment of the team as a whole.
It is a factor that you should keep a lid on things to ensure smooth operations among your team. It is
even more important that you realize the need to give them the needed freedom to allow their creative
juices flow.
Do Not Be Insensitive
As mentioned earlier, there are times when the brain and body become stressed and might find it
difficult to function at the expected level. This is often referred to as a creative block, a period when the
ideas aren’t flowing like they used to and did not necessarily mean a decline in the ability of your team to
deliver.
The right scenario would be to identify the team members that might be going through this phase
and give them a little time to recharge and come back better. If there is an urgent project, an expert
freelancer can be called upon to fill in imminently while the team member(s) take a deserved break.
Definition of Roles
While this is a minor item on this list, it goes a long way in determining how seamless the operations
of your team would be. A clear structure within the team would help to specify the role of all team
members and in what capacity they are expected to serve. This would give everyone a higher sense of
purpose and constantly set them to task without confusion.
At this point, you have been sufficiently exposed to ways in which you can properly improve your
design team for better results as is obtainable in our organization at Plant. Let us help you manage that
next project while helping your team in the prompt actualization of set goals.