PURPOSE OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SOURCES OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW

STUDIES Sources refers to print, electronic, or visual materials

1) To demonstrate a familiarity of knowledge and necessary for your research.
establish credibility 1) Primary Sources
2) To show the path of prior research and how a current documents, images, or artifacts that provide
project is linked to it firsthand testimony or direct evidence concerning a
3) To integrate and summarize what is known in an area topic under research investigation (e.g. diaries,
4) To learn from others and stimulate new ideas autobiographies, letters)
2) Secondary Sources
TYPES OF LITERATURE REVIEW interprets and analyzes primary sources (e.g. journal
1) Argumentative Review articles, books, documentaries, researches)
examines literature selectively in order to support or 3) Tertiary Sources
refute an argument already establish in the literature Presents summaries or condensed version of
2) Integrative Review materials, usually back to the primary and/or
reviews, critiques, and synthesizes representative secondary sources (e.g. encyclopedias, dictionaries,
literature on a topic in an integrated way such that atlases)
new frameworks and perspectives on the topic are
generated CORNELL NOTE-TAKING TECHNIQUE
3) Historical Review Material’s Information
systematically examine past events to give an Keywords, Key
Specific Information (Supporting
account of what has happened in the past phrases (main
Ideas)
4) Methodological Review idea)
does not always focus on what someone said but how Summary
they came about (method of analysis)
5) Systematic Review
consists of an overview of existing evidence pertinent CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE MATERIALS CITED
to a clearly formulated research question, which uses 1) To provide justification of the study
pre-specified and standardized methods to identify 2) To identify gaps, problems and needs of related
and critically appraise relevant research studies
6) Theoretical Research 3) To provide rationale of the study as well as the reasons
examine the body of theory that has accumulated in of conducting the study
regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena 4) To have basis that will be used to support findings of
the study
LITERATURE REVIEW PROCESS
CITATION STYLE GUIDES
Referencing is a systematic method used to demonstrate
Select a
Topic to the readers that you have conducted a thorough and
appropriate literature search and reading.
1) APA Citation Style Guide
2) MLA Citation Style Guide
3) Chicago Citation Style Guide
Select and
Write a
choose
review RULES FOR WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW
literature
1) Define the topic and audience
2) Search and re-search the literature
3) Take notes while reading
Analyze
and
4) Choose the type of review you wish to write
interpret 5) Keep the review focused, but make it of broad interest
literature 6) Be critical and consistent
7) Find a logical structure
8) Make use of feedback
9) Include your own relevant research
10) Be up-to-date in your review of literature and studies

PLAGIARISM is an action of using someone’s else’s words
or ideas, and passing them off as your own.
RESEARCH ETHICS are standardized rules that guide the
design and conduct of research.
R.A. NO. 8293 is also known as “Intellectual Property
Code of the Philippines”
SYNTHESIS is concisely summarizing and linking different
sources in order to review the literature on a topic.
SYNTHESIS MATRIX is a chart that will allow you to sort
and categorize the different opinions and arguments
given on an issue in relation to your study.
Illustration of synthesis matrix:
Source #1 Source #2 Source #3
Main Idea
A 4) Research Hypothesis
Main Idea
B statements of expected relationship of variables
definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows
measurement.
Conceptual definition is the universal meaning that is
attributed to a word or group of words and which is
understood by many people.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Research hypothesis is an explicit, clear, and testable
assumption statement about the possible result of a
study.
1) Simple Hypothesis
expresses an expected relationship between one
independent variable and one dependent variable
2) Multivariate Hypothesis
prediction of a relationship between two or more
independent variables and two or more dependent
variables
3) Directional Hypothesis
specifies not only the existence but the expected
direction of the relationship between variables
Substantive, declarative or scientific number of

SECTIONS OF A LITERATURE REVIEW

1) Introduction
Identifies the overall state-of-knowledge about the
topic
2) Body
Described, discuss, or addressed previous research o
the topic, grouped according to theme, theoretical
perspective, methodological approach, or
chronological development
3) Conclusion
Provides a summary statement of the overall state-
of-knowledge about the topic

PURPOSE OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual framework is used in research to outline the
plan or the preferred approach on how to conduct the
research.
1) To clarify concepts and propose relationships among
the concepts in a study
2) To provide a context for interpreting the study
findings
3) To explain observations
4) To encourage theory development that is useful and
practical

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Operational definition is the meaning of the concept or
term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual